|
on Transport Economics |
| By: | Milan Straka; Pasquale De Falco; Gabriella Ferruzzi; Daniela Proto; Gijs van der Poel; Shahab Khormali; \v{L}ubo\v{s} Buzna |
| Abstract: | The availability of charging infrastructure is essential for large-scale adoption of electric vehicles (EV). Charging patterns and the utilization of infrastructure have consequences not only for the energy demand, loading local power grids but influence the economic returns, parking policies and further adoption of EVs. We develop a data-driven approach that is exploiting predictors compiled from GIS data describing the urban context and urban activities near charging infrastructure to explore correlations with a comprehensive set of indicators measuring the performance of charging infrastructure. The best fit was identified for the size of the unique group of visitors (popularity) attracted by the charging infrastructure. Consecutively, charging infrastructure is ranked by popularity. The question of whether or not a given charging spot belongs to the top tier is posed as a binary classification problem and predictive performance of logistic regression regularized with an l-1 penalty, random forests and gradient boosted regression trees is evaluated. Obtained results indicate that the collected predictors contain information that can be used to predict the popularity of charging infrastructure. The significance of predictors and how they are linked with the popularity are explored as well. The proposed methodology can be used to inform charging infrastructure deployment strategies. |
| Date: | 2019–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:1910.02498&r=all |
| By: | Frédéric Dobruszkes |
| Abstract: | The potential impacts of Brexit on transportation have been discussed to some extent, mostly considering the economic shock as a main factor that would affect the volume of passenger and cargo flows. However, one should also consider the expected impact in terms of regulatory regimes. This specifically concerns aviation, traditionally a tightly regulated market that was extensively liberalised by the European Union. In this note, the worst scenario is tested. Namely, UK airlines would not operate services between or within third countries anymore, and non-UK airlines could only link the UK to their home country. This leads to the concept of “vulnerable” air services, which are mapped at the airport level. The likely consequence is that a myriad of regional airports would be affected, especially in Poland, but also in various tourist areas. In addition, several larger airports and the secondary airports of large cities would also be significantly affected, especially London Stansted. |
| Keywords: | Brexit; Europe; Air market; Aviation liberalisation; Aviation regulation |
| Date: | 2019–02–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulb:ulbeco:2013/280924&r=all |
| By: | Gremm, Cornelia; Bälz, David; Corbo, Chris; Mitusch, Kay |
| Abstract: | The intercity bus market in Germany was deregulated in 2013. As a consequence, there is now a dense network of intercity bus lines. For the first time, the German state-owned railway company Deutsche Bahn AG faces intermodal competition in public intercity passenger land transport on a large number of lines. This paper examines market entry factors for intercity bus companies and price reactions of the incumbent railway company from a theoretical perspective. Our model builds on Salop's circular city model to describe the horizontal product differentiation among the bus companies. At the same time, the railway company occupies the center of the circle and offers a higher product quality than the buses. It dominates the market, while a number of bus companies constitute an oligopolistic competitive fringe. In the subsequent comparative statics analysis, it is shown that the quality differential between the train and bus services have a considerable effect on market entry decisions by buses as well as on price reactions by the incumbent railway company. In particular, on routes where the quality advantage of railway services is rather small, buses are more likely to enter and the railway company will respond with a stronger price reduction than on other routes. |
| Keywords: | intermodal competition,intercity railway and bus services,Salop circle model with center, vertical and horizontal product differentiation,dominant firm with oligopolistic fringe |
| JEL: | R40 L11 L13 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:kitwps:135&r=all |
| By: | Andreas Wörgötter; Sihle Nomdebevana |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the aggregate and sectoral public-private remuneration pattern in South Africa from 2001:q1 to 2017:q1. Co-integration analysis confirm a stable, long-run relationship. The adjustment to the deviations from this long-run relationship is strong and significant for public-sector remuneration, while private-sector earnings neither respond to the deviations from the long-run relationship nor lagged changes of public sector remuneration. No individual public-sector remuneration is found to Granger-cause an individual private-sector remuneration. On the other hand, causal relations between private-sector remuneration and public sector remuneration cannot be rejected. A traditional “Dutch-disease†hypothesis for South Africa is rejected. Widening this analysis to individual private and public sectors confirms the results with aggregate earnings with two exceptions: 1) Earnings in financial intermediation and private road transport can be better explained including public sector earnings, and 2) Earnings in manufacturing and mining are found to be related to public sector earnings in the long run. Nevertheless, the degree of fit is low for individual private sector variables except financial intermediation and private road transport while it is high for individual public sector earnings except local authorities. Efforts to slow down the speed of the wage-price spiral should not exclude the private sector. |
| Keywords: | public-private sector earnings, co-integration, Dutch disease |
| JEL: | J30 C30 E30 |
| Date: | 2019–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rza:wpaper:786&r=all |
| By: | Shahbaz, Muhammad; Mateev, Miroslav; Abosedra, Salaheddin; Nasir, Muhammad Ali; Jiao, Zhilun |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the effect of education and transportation infrastructure on foreign direct investment for the French economy over the period of 1965-2017. Economic growth, financial development and electricity consumption are also considered as additional determinants of foreign direct investment. In so doing, the SOR unit root test is applied in order to examine unit root properties of variables in the presence of sharp and smooth structural breaks in the series. To examine the presence of cointegration between the variables, the bootstrapping ARDL cointegration test is applied. The empirical results show the presence of cointegration between the variables. Education and transportation add to foreign direct investment. Financial development declines foreign direct investment. The relationship between electricity consumption (economic growth) and foreign direct investment is bidirectional. The nonlinear relationship between education (transportation infrastructure) and foreign direct investment is U-shaped. |
| Keywords: | FDI, Transport Infrastructure, Education, Financial Development, Energy Consumption, Bootstrapping ARDL |
| JEL: | E0 |
| Date: | 2019–10–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:96371&r=all |
| By: | Frédéric Dobruszkes; Jiaoe Wang |
| Abstract: | The US and Europe have long experienced the expansion of low-cost carriers (LCCs) in the aftermath of extensive aviation liberalisation offering free access to the market for US and European airlines, respectively. More recently, following the opening of the progressive aviation market, China has also emerged as a country that welcomed LCCs to some extent, but has not subscribed to full liberalisation. In this context, our paper compares China’s largest LCC, Spring Airlines, to the largest European (Ryanair and EasyJet) and US (Southwest and JetBlue) low-cost airlines. Comparisons in this context include volumes supplied, spatial coverage, network geography and financial results. This comparative study found that Spring Airlines is still a small/emerging LCC compared to the European and US giants and in terms of China’s potential market. This is notably due to the lack of whole free access to the market and trunk routes that are still protected to some extent in favour of the Big Three in China. However, Spring uses its production means in an efficient way and generates good financial results, especially compared to those of China’s Big Three airlines. Finally, Spring appears to be a composite case rather than a duplicate of a reference LCC. |
| Keywords: | Airline networks; Aviation liberalisation; China; Low-cost carrier |
| Date: | 2019–04–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulb:ulbeco:2013/286424&r=all |