|
on Transport Economics |
| By: | Sullivan, James L.; Sentoff, Karen M. |
| Abstract: | In this study, a second-by-second (SbS) data set obtained from monitoring vehicle emissions over a series of 75 test runs from 2 test vehicles (a conventional vehicle (CV) and a hybrid-electric vehicle (HEV)) over an 18-month period in 2010-2011 during real-world on-road operations on a specified 32-mile route in Chittenden County, Vermont was used in an innovative new method of analysis to assess emissions differences between the two propulsion systems and attribute these differences to physical roadway/infrastructure characteristics. The K-S test was used to assess the difference between the cumulative distributions of the CV and HEV emissions samples on each link, and the K-S test statistic was regressed against the full set of roadway link characteristics. The regression results allowed the team to identify specific roadway characteristics that contribute to emissions differences between the vehicle types. Overall, the models that included maximum grade and intersection control type performed best, however speed limit and horizontal curvature were also shown to be important. The performance differences identified in this project confirm that engine controls that are responsive to roadway characteristics are necessary. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Second-by-second emissions, road grade, intersection control, speed, horizontal curvature, hybrid electric vehicles, K-S test |
| Date: | 2019–04–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt4j92c547&r=all |
| By: | Dowds, Jonathan; Sentoff, Karen; Sullivan, James; Aultman-Hall, Lisa |
| Abstract: | This report is one of two NCST Research Report documents produced as part of a project to advance the technical modeling tools for resiliency and adaptation planning, especially those used for criticality rankings. The official final technical report, Climate Adaptation and Resiliency Planning: Agency Roles and Workforce Development Needs, summarizes a climate adaptation framework and describes current planning practices and workforce needs of Departments of Transportation and other planning agencies. This additional technical documentation report looks specifically at the network data challenges of objectively assessing asset criticality, one step in the larger adaptation planning framework and a prerequisite for efficient allocation of limited adaptation resources. Specifically, this report explores the modeling resolution (in terms of the completeness of the road network and the spatial disaggregation of origin and destination matrices) needed to produce accurate criticality ratings. Original modeling work using a well-establish criticality measure, the Network Robustness Index (NRI), on both a small hypothetical network and the road network for Chittenden County, Vermont, demonstrated a need for higher resolution networks for criticality modeling. Since this part of the work was published in the Transportation Research Record it is only summarized here. A conceptual discussion of methods explored for creating networks for larger real-world areas that are sufficiently complete for criticality assessment is also included based on exploratory work using the travel demand model for the Greater Sacramento California area. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Data analysis, Databases, Disaster resilience, Geographic information systems, Network analysis (Planning), Roads, Traffic models |
| Date: | 2017–11–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt8t60z813&r=all |
| By: | Ragland, David R; MacLeod, Kara E; McMillan, Tracy; Doggett, Sarah; Felschundneff, Grace |
| Abstract: | The mobility needs of an aging population is one of the most substantial challenges facing California in the coming decades. The number of residents age 65 and older is expected to double between 2012 and 2050, and the number age 85 and above is expected to increase by over 70% between 2010 and 2030. Declines in physical function related to age may reduce mobility options dramatically. A survey of 510 residents age 55 and older in Contra Costa County was conducted to determine mobility patterns and limitations related to age and other factors. Results of the survey indicate that a majority of seniors are car dependent. However, some older adults miss important activities due to mobility limitations associated with increasing age, poorer health, living alone, not having a licensed driver in the household, and having a disability. Mobility options are also limited in some geographic areas and demographic groups. Importantly, older adults want to “age in place.” Based on these findings and those in related studies, the travel options and the quality of life for older adults, now and in the future, can be greatly enhanced if efforts are made to develop mobility solutions beyond use of private vehicles. The findings support the recommendations of recent regional plans such as the Coordinated Public Transit–Human Services Transportation Plan (2018), adopted by the Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC) of the San Francisco Bay Area, which recommends supporting a range of mobility options centered around shared mobility and accessibility for populations at risk for limited mobility. |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences, Mobility, aged, travel behavior, surveys, demographics |
| Date: | 2019–04–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsrrp:qt8p7283gg&r=all |
| By: | Alec Biehl; Ying Chen; Karla Sanabria-Veaz; David Uttal; Amanda Stathopoulos |
| Abstract: | Encouraging sustainable mobility patterns is at the forefront of policymaking at all scales of governance as the collective consciousness surrounding climate change continues to expand. Not every community, however, possesses the necessary economic or socio-cultural capital to encourage modal shifts away from private motorized vehicles towards active modes. The current literature on `soft' policy emphasizes the importance of tailoring behavior change campaigns to individual or geographic context. Yet, there is a lack of insight and appropriate tools to promote active mobility and overcome transport disadvantage from the local community perspective. The current study investigates the promotion of walking and cycling adoption using a series of focus groups with local residents in two geographic communities, namely Chicago's (1) Humboldt Park neighborhood and (2) suburb of Evanston. The research approach combines traditional qualitative discourse analysis with quantitative text-mining tools, namely topic modeling and sentiment analysis. The analysis uncovers the local mobility culture, embedded norms and values associated with acceptance of active travel modes in different communities. We observe that underserved populations within diverse communities view active mobility simultaneously as a necessity and as a symbol of privilege that is sometimes at odds with the local culture. The mixed methods approach to analyzing community member discourses is translated into policy findings that are either tailored to local context or broadly applicable to curbing automobile dominance. Overall, residents of both Humboldt Park and Evanston envision a society in which multimodalism replaces car-centrism, but differences in the local physical and social environments would and should influence the manner in which overarching policy objectives are met. |
| Date: | 2019–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:1905.02674&r=all |
| By: | Natacha Aveline Ou Aveline-Dubach (GC - Géographie-cités - UP1 - Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - UPD7 - Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Guillaume Blandeau (GC - Géographie-cités - UP1 - Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - UPD7 - Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | The mechanism of land value capture (LVC) for financing urban transport, which supports the cost of transit infrastructure through the revenues of land and property, has generated a substantial body of research. However, the literature on transit-related LVC has paid little attention to the politics and strategies of value capture. This article intends to shift the focus towards the governance of LVC, based on the case study of the Mass Transit Railway Corporation (MTRC) in Hong Kong. It argues that the evolving balance of power within Hong Kong's growth coalition has entailed a transformation of the MTRC's business model, prompting the transit agency to shift from the development of new real estate projects to the management of existing property assets. This work provides empirical evidence of an emerging 'management-based' value capture strategy, which is adapted to steady or slow growing urban contexts. |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-02100616&r=all |
| By: | Bell Clive |
| Abstract: | Do urban agglomeration economies enhance the social profitability of rural roads? When all goods are traded at parametric world prices, lower transport costs benefit villagers. Urban activities and welfare are unaffected if labour is immobile, but their levels fall when rural workers move freely to take up urban jobs while remaining members of their extended families.In a closed, two-good economy with mobile labour, the effects of agglomeration economies depend on the substitutability of rural and urban goods. With a Cobb–Douglas rural technology, aggregate benefits are substantially greater in the presence of empirically plausible elasticities of agglomeration economies when preferences are Cobb–Douglas and urban households’ tastes for urban goods are somewhat stronger than those of rural households.When the goods are rather poor substitutes, these enhancing effects are quite small. In an open economy with a single nontradeable whose production is relatively labour-intensive, improved rural roads will likely induce a fall in urban welfare in the presence of agglomeration economies, even with Cobb–Douglas preferences and immobile labour. |
| Keywords: | Rural roads,Cost of operation (Transportation),Agglomeration,Benefit programmes |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp2018-73&r=all |
| By: | Seifried, K.; Agatz, N.A.H.; Fleischmann, M. |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the value of flexibility in customer-to-depot assignments in last-mile distribution operations. In current practice, many companies use fixed delivery regions for their fulfillment warehouses. This allows a decomposition of delivery operations by ware- house, thereby simplifying the planning process. However, this approach foregoes some optimization potential, relative to a holistic planning of the delivery operations across the network. In this paper, we assess the value of this flexibility. We first identify and characterize two specific types of benefits, namely a routing benefit and a pooling benefit. We then proceed to quantify these benefits in an extensive numerical study. Our results disentangle how the benefits depend on key environmental parameters. They also show that a flexible customer-to-depot assignment can add significant value in various relevant conditions. |
| Keywords: | routing, multiple depots, time windows, attended home delivery |
| Date: | 2019–04–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ems:eureri:116065&r=all |