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on Transport Economics |
| By: | Alexander Nollau (Professur für Wirtschaftspolitik, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Chemnitz University of Technology); Friedrich Thießen (Professur für Wirtschaftspolitik, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Chemnitz University of Technology) |
| Abstract: | Many current problems in air traffic are related to the number of aircraft movements. Overcrowding in the airspace, difficult coordination at airports, high emissions of noise and pollutants as well as complexity of airlines are side effects of too many aircraft movements. This study examines the extent to which the number of flight movements in Europe can be reduced without change in transport performance. For this purpose, the number of flight movement for a European network of the 140 most frequently flown serviced routes will be optimised. The reference date is November 17 th , 2017. It shows that with the same passenger transport performance, the number of flight movements can be reduced to 1/3 of the current level (from 2.040 flights per day to 738 flights per day). In some cases, the quality of the connections can even be improved because all flights in the optimised network are coordinated. This proves that the current air traffic structure has considerable weak points. There are too many redundant aircraft movements. Our proposed reform measures can contribute to the needed reduction in the number of aircraft movements without reducing passenger transport services and travel quality. |
| Keywords: | Airtraffic, Europe, Optimisation, Airline, Flight Movements |
| Date: | 2019–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tch:wpaper:cep029&r=all |
| By: | Bergantino, Angela Stefania; Di Liddo, Giuseppe; Porcelli, Francesco |
| Abstract: | Using a new measure of urban sprawl, we evaluate the impact of urban sprawl on municipal expenditures of Italian municipalities in local public transport, roads and traffic management, and municipal technical offices for the year 2013. Our results suggest that urban sprawl leads to an increase in standard expenditure needs of Italian municipalities for all expenditure categories considered. The relationship between urban sprawl and expenditure is stronger for expenditures in road and traffic management. |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sit:wpaper:19_4&r=all |
| By: | Shaun Hargreaves Heap (Kings College London); Oleksandr Talavera (University of Birmingham) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the behaviour of a group of 'street-level bureaucrats': the UK’s MOT (certificate of roadworthiness) testers. We find differences in MOT failure rates across postcodes, days of the week and by car color. The postcode variation is worrying in a national test, especially as it is associated with road traffic accidents/fatalities. It plausibly arises from how these 'street-level bureaucrats' are regulated. The 'day-of-the-week' effect is also apparent in financial markets and so our evidence suggests this behavioral bias may be more widespread. The bias with respect to color is new and is unrelated to favourite colors. |
| Keywords: | Street-level bureaucrats, regulatory failure, accident rate, behavioral bias. |
| JEL: | R41 R48 |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bir:birmec:19-02&r=all |
| By: | Wes Austin; Garth Heutel; Daniel Kreisman |
| Abstract: | Diesel emissions from school buses expose children to high levels of air pollution; retrofitting bus engines can substantially reduce this exposure. Using variation from 2,656 retrofits across Georgia, we estimate effects of emissions reductions on district-level health and academic achievement. We demonstrate positive effects on respiratory health, measured by a statewide test of aerobic capacity. Placebo tests on body mass index show no impact. We also find that retrofitting districts see significant test score gains in English and smaller gains in math. Results suggest that engine retrofits can have meaningful and cost-effective impacts on health and cognitive functioning. |
| JEL: | I18 I20 Q53 |
| Date: | 2019–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:25641&r=all |