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on Transport Economics |
| By: | Helgeson, Broghan (Energiewirtschaftliches Institut an der Universitaet zu Koeln (EWI)); Peter, Jakob (Energiewirtschaftliches Institut an der Universitaet zu Koeln (EWI)) |
| Abstract: | Despite regulation efforts, CO2 emissions from European road transport have continued to rise. Increased use of electricity offers a promising decarbonization option, both to fuel electric vehicles and run power-to-x systems producing synthetic fuels. To understand the economic implications of increased coupling of the road transport and electricity sectors, an integrated multi-sectoral partial-equilibrium investment and dispatch model is developed for the European electricity and road transport sectors, linked by an energy transformation module to endogenously account for, e.g., increasing electricity consumption and flexibility provision from electric vehicles and power-to-x systems. The model is applied to analyze the effects of sector-specific CO2 reduction targets on the vehicle, electricity and ptx technology mix as well as trade flows of ptx fuels in European countries from 2020 to 2050. The results show that, by 2050, the fuel shares of electricity and ptx fuels in the European road transport sector reach 37% and 27%, respectively, creating an additional electricity demand of 1200 TWh in Europe. To assess the added value of the integrated modeling approach, an additional analysis is performed in which all endogenous ties between sectors are removed. The results show that by decoupling the two sectors, the total system costs may be significantly overestimated and the production costs of ptx fuels may be inaccurately approximated, which may affect the merit order of decarbonization options. |
| Keywords: | Energy system modeling; electricity sector; road transport; Power-to-X; synthetic fuels; sector coupling; decarbonization |
| JEL: | C61 N70 Q41 Q42 Q48 R42 |
| Date: | 2019–01–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:ewikln:2019_001&r=all |
| By: | Wolff, Stefanie (E.ON Energy Research Center, Future Energy Consumer Needs and Behavior (FCN)); Madlener, Reinhard (E.ON Energy Research Center, Future Energy Consumer Needs and Behavior (FCN)) |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we examine to what extent commercial drivers accept the substitution of conventional cars with light-duty e-vehicles (LDEVs) by conducting a cross-sectional survey at Deutsche Post, a major German postal delivery service provider. Specifically, we explore drivers’ acceptance from two perspectives. First, we investigate whether drivers are more satisfied with the LDEVs than with the conventional vehicles. Second, we question whether the EVs increase drivers’ perceived efficiency. Combining these two perspectives, we show that the greater the drivers’ overall satisfaction with LDEVs, the higher is the drivers’ perceived efficiency. We prove this by means of latent measures, such as perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use, using adaptations of Davis’ Technology Acceptance Model and Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovation Theory to form our Unified Technology Acceptance Model. Findings suggest that, on average, drivers are slightly more satisfied with their assigned LDEVs than with the available conventional cars. If drivers were able to choose their preferred vehicles, the majority of them would favor LDEVs. We detect statistically significant patterns of latent measures affecting perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use of LDEVs. While this paper focuses on German delivery service employees, the methodology presented here could easily be applied to any enterprise in the growing logistics sector electrifying its car fleet. Hence, our contributions are valuable for transportation research, and more specifically, to all potential commercial EV drivers, e.g., our insights might be relevant for approximately 500,400 drivers employed in the German logistics sector alone. |
| Keywords: | Electric vehicles (EVs); Driver acceptance; Commercial EV fleet; Perceived efficiency; Germany; Technology Acceptance Model |
| JEL: | C38 D23 M50 O33 Q55 R40 |
| Date: | 2018–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:fcnwpa:2018_011&r=all |
| By: | Kumar Sunil; Parihar, Shrutika; Garg, Amit |
| Abstract: | The utilization of charging infrastructure for electric vehicles is very important in order to get returns from the investments made for charging assets. The charging infrastructure utilization, however, depends on many factors such as vehicle ownership, location and type of parking spaces, paying capacity, and owner profile. The paper determines the optimal charging locations through multifactor analysis using Global Information System (GIS) over 23 factors separately for home (4), workplace (1), and public charging (18). This is done for the city of Navi Mumbai using real demographic and land use data. The potential locations are demand driven. The potential office charging locations are mostly spread in Southern parts of Navi Mumbai that has more government offices. Home and public charging locations are almost evenly spread across all wards except Airoli and Koparkhairane that seem to be lagging in demand. |
| Date: | 2018–12–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iim:iimawp:14596&r=all |
| By: | Kumar Sunil; Jayaswal, Sachin; Garg, Amit |
| Abstract: | Optimization of charging infrastructure for electric buses is critical for the transition from conventional buses to electric buses since chargers, especially for chargers since they constitute almost two-thirds of the total charging infrastructure costs. Different modeling frameworks to optimize the charging capacity are developed separately for the depot charging and opportunity charging and tested for the transit network of Navi Mumbai Municipal Transport (India). The models determine the optimal number and capacity of chargers such that the existing bus operational schedules are maintained – a prime requirement of bus operators. Since the route coverage per bus per day would require en-route charging, the opportunity charging model determines the optimal locations for installing these chargers. A sensitivity analysis is also conducted to analyze the effects of the specific energy consumption of the buses and their rated battery capacity on charger selection. These models are first of their kind to be used for electric bus adoption in India. Keywords: Electric bus, charging infrastructure, charging schedule, cost optimization modeling, public transit networks |
| Date: | 2018–12–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iim:iimawp:14598&r=all |
| By: | Kumar Sunil; Garg, Amit; Tripathi, Girish Chandra |
| Abstract: | Local air pollution is a major concern in almost all Indian cities. High vehicular tailpipe emission is one of the primary reasons behind it. Fast adoption of electric vehicles may provide relief for air quality in these rapidly urbanizing Indian cities. The adoption rate of electric vehicles, however, depends on many factors, Total cost of Ownership (TCO) of vehicles, charging infrastructure, and range dilemma being the most prominent. This paper analyzes one of these factors and calculates the TCOs of existing IC engine public buses and compare it with the same capacity electric buses. The study also calculates co-benefits of electric bus separately to analyze the impact of diesel buses on society and environment and compares this with those of Electric buses. A Sensitivity analysis for TCO is performed to identify the factors which have the highest impact on the TCO of an electric bus. Scenario analysis is also done to verify our assumptions in various scenarios. The result of the study shows that TCO of an electric bus is lesser than a comparable diesel bus in present Indian scenario for the city of Navi Mumbai but at the same time, sensitivity analysis shows that it is mainly due to the various incentives offered by Central and State governments. Sensitivity analysis also identifies the most influential input variables for the TCO of an electric bus as Initial Bus Price, Government Incentive and Electricity Cost. Scenario analysis results show that if we remove Government incentives on the initial cost of the vehicle, the picture reverses. |
| Date: | 2018–12–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iim:iimawp:14597&r=all |
| By: | Park, Jiyoun; Nam, Changi; Kim, Hye-jin; Kim, Seongcheol |
| Abstract: | The long-standing signification of car is expected to accompany a big change, which results in the concept of smart car that can not only improve traffic safety by driving and controlling themselves like robots, but also entertain passengers and support their productive activities through connection to the Internet. Many related companies are seeking to enter the smart car market to take a leadership in the growing smart car market. While there are some researches regarding advanced technologies regarding smart car, there are relatively few efforts that focus on the standpoint of market demand. This study thus aims to understand customer value on upcoming smart car through evaluating the relative importance of idiosyncratic key services of smart car based on analytic hierarchy process analysis. In addition, this paper also evaluates firms and industries that are expected to perform well the preferred services through expert survey. The results show that the most important service is driving assistance, followed by infotainment, and IoT hub. Furthermore, Samsung Electronics ranked the highest, followed by Hyundai Motor, Naver, and SKT. In terms of industries, the rank is in the order of IT equipment manufacturers, platform providers, automobile manufacturers, and network providers. This analysis could help companies diagnose their capabilities and recognize their strengths and weaknesses. |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsb18:190334&r=all |
| By: | Konrad Steiner (A.T. Kearney GmbH, Johannes Gutenberg University) |
| Abstract: | This work addresses line planning for inter-city bus networks, which requires a high level of integration with other planning steps. One key reason is given by passengers choosing a speci?c timetabled service rather than just a line, as is typically the case in urban transportation. Schedule-based modeling approaches are required to incorporate this aspect, i.e., demand is assigned to a speci?c timetabled service. Furthermore, in liberalized markets, there is usually ?erce competition within and across modes. This encourages considering dynamic demand, i.e., not relying on static demand values, but adjusting them based on the trip characteristics. We provide a schedule-based mixed-integer model formulation allowing a bus operator to optimize multiple timetabled services in a travel corridor with simultaneous decisions on both departure time and which stations to serve. The demand behaves dynamically with respect to departure time, trip duration, trip frequency, and cannibalization. To solve this new problem formulation, we introduce a large multiple neighborhood search (LMNS) as an overall metaheuristic approach, together with multiple variations including matheuristics. Applying the LMNS algorithm, we solve instances based on real-world data from the German market. Computation times are attractive and the high quality of the solutions is con?rmed by analyzing examples with known optimal solutions. Moreover, we show that the explicit consideration of the dependencies between the di?erent timetabled services often produces insightful new results that di?er from approaches which only focus on a single service. |
| Keywords: | integration, schedule-based modeling, inter-city bus transportation, dynamic demand, large multiple neighborhood search LMNS |
| Date: | 2018–12–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jgu:wpaper:1825&r=all |
| By: | Erich Muehlegger; David S. Rapson |
| Abstract: | Little is known about demand for EVs in the mass market. In this paper, we exploit a natural experiment that provides variation in large EV subsidies targeted at low- and middle-income households in California. Using transaction-level data, we estimate two important policy parameters using triple differences: the subsidy elasticity of demand for EVs and the rate of subsidy pass-through. Estimates show that demand for EVs amongst low- and middle-income households is price-elastic and pass-through is complete. We use these estimates to calculate the expected subsidy bill required for California to reach its goal of 1.5 million EVs by 2025. |
| JEL: | H22 H23 H71 L62 Q48 Q55 Q58 R48 |
| Date: | 2018–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:25359&r=all |
| By: | Friberg, Richard; Steen, Frode (Dept. of Economics, Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration); Ulsaker, Simen A. (Dept. of Economics, Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the effect of cross-border shopping on grocery demand in Norway using monthly store×category sales data from Norway’s largest grocery chain 2011-2016. The sensitivity of demand to foreign price is hump-shaped and greatest 30-60 minutes’ driving distance from the closest foreign store. Combining continuous demand, fixed costs of cross-border shopping and linear transport costs `a la Hotelling we show how this hump-shape can arise through a combination of intensive and extensive margins of cross-border shopping. Our conclusions are further supported by novel survey evidence and cross-border traffic data. |
| Keywords: | Cross-border shopping; competition in grocery markets; product differentiation |
| JEL: | F15 H73 L66 R20 |
| Date: | 2018–12–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:nhheco:2018_029&r=all |
| By: | Vita Briliana (Trisakti School of Management, Indonesia Author-2-Name: Nurti Widayati Author-2-Workplace-Name: Trisakti School of Management, Indonesia Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - The purpose of this paper is to explore how brand love affects consumers' brand trust, brand loyalty and word-of-mouth promotion towards an online public transport app in Jakarta, Indonesia. GO-JEK is a cost-effective, transport-based application that is used by passengers in Indonesia. Methodology/Technique - This research uses a purposive sampling technique to select 380 GO-JEK users. Partial least square version 3.0 analysis was used to analyze the data collected through the questionnaires. Findings - The study reveals that brand love, brand trust and brand loyalty have a positive in?uence on word-of-mouth advertising. Novelty - Brand love strongly influences brand trust, followed by brand loyalty and word-of-mouth. |
| Keywords: | Brand Love; Brand Loyalty; Brand Trust; Word-of-mouth. |
| JEL: | M30 M31 M39 |
| Date: | 2018–12–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr521&r=all |
| By: | Jesse Kalinowski (Quinnipiac University); Matthew Ross (Wagner School of Public Service, New York University); Stephen L. Ross (University of Connecticut) |
| Abstract: | This paper uses state police stop data in Texas to assess patrol activity. We find that both the types of stops and the allocation of resources over space change in darkness relative to daylight, and that the changes in stop type and manpower allocation are correlated within police officers. We also find that the counties receiving more police resources in darkness have a higher share of minority residents. Veil of Darkness (VOD) tests of racial discrimination in traffic stops require that the distribution of motorists be independent of darkness, which is unlikely to be the case without detailed geographic controls. |
| Keywords: | police, traffic stops, patrol locations, veil of darkness, racial profiling, racial discrimination |
| JEL: | K14 K42 J15 H11 |
| Date: | 2018–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hka:wpaper:2018-094&r=all |
| By: | DOSSOU, TOYO AMEGNONNA MARCEL |
| Abstract: | One belt one road is big initiative that is proposed by president Xi Jingping in 2013 to boost the global economy .the initiative concerns china and 64 countries especially Asia, Europe and Africa, the purpose of the initiative is to promote international trade them itself. China considers Kenya in Africa the hub who is the way that can help to enter Africa because Kenya is trying to growth its economy. The aims of this article is to show the positive impact of one belt one road initiative in Kenya in terms of regional Economic cooperation in East Africa, Economic growth, Infrastructure development. |
| Keywords: | one Belt and one Road, Kenya, Economic growth, Infrastructure Development, |
| JEL: | R1 R10 R12 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:90460&r=all |
| By: | Liu, Yunhan; Kim, Dohoon |
| Abstract: | The ride-hailing platform presents an on-demand business model on the basis of business ecosystems in the era of the sharing economy. The ride-hailing platforms became popular and common around the world as a sustainable option that complements the public transportation services. This article presents a case study that analyzes the intense competition between global giant Uber and Didi Chuxing in Chinese ride-hailing market. First, employing the Canvas model, we compare and analyze the characteristics of the business model of the two platforms. Our analysis and comparisons of the strategic positioning and implementation of the two platforms with respect to the major building blocks of the Canvas model finds out the success factors of Didi as well as the sources of failure of Uber. For example, although both Uber and Didi provided similar service offerings covering diverse market segments from low- to high-ends, Uber's mismatches between its strategic focus on the high-end premium segment and service operations proved to be a mistake. On the other hand, Didi operated its business more efficiently by providing a wide range of service offerings and leveraging the two-side market properly. As a result, Didi has grown successfully as a one-stop transportation platform, which is well suited to the Chinese market. This study provides important insights into business model innovations in the sharing economy and implications for the evolution of future transportation platforms. |
| Keywords: | Sharing economy,Ride-hailing platform,Canvas model,Uber China,Didi Chuxing |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsb18:190408&r=all |
| By: | Anna Matas (Institut d’Economia de Barcelona (IEB) / Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona); Ginés de Rus (Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria / FEDEA / Universidad Carlos III de Madrid); Stef Proost (KULeuven); Salvador Bertoméu-Sánchez (ECARES, Université libre de Bruxelles); Antonio Estache (ECARES, Université libre de Bruxelles) |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ieb:report:ieb_report_1_2018&r=all |
| By: | Charu Grover (Jawaharlal Nehru University); Sangeeta Bansal (Jawaharlal Nehru University); Adan L. Martinez-Cruz (Centro de Investigacion y Docencia Economicas, Mexico and ETH-Zurich, Switzerland) |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ind:citdwp:18-05&r=all |
| By: | Kwon, Hyeseon; Kim, Seongcheol |
| Abstract: | Commercial drone is one of the most promising businesses in IoT industry. However, even if we classify domestic commercial drones market roughly, it still is a broad field since there are diverse domains such as delivery service, media, assessment‧business monitoring, agriculture, vehicles, sports‧healthcare, and education. In order to promote domestic commercial drone market, this study will try to discover which domain will be the killer. Therefore, this study sheds light on the emerging commercial drone market in Korea. In order to proliferate the commercial drone market in Korea, this study proposes an AHP model for assessing the killer business domain for drones which consists of 9 technology, market, and policy factors. The model was applied to assess and compare the prospect of three drone business domain; media drone, assessment‧business monitoring drone, and entertainment drone. By inviting the perception of 39 drone experts, the results showed that assessment‧business monitoring drone is the most promising drone in Korea. |
| Keywords: | commercial drone,Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV),Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsb18:190365&r=all |