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on Transport Economics |
| By: | Jean-François Arvis; Vincent Vesin; Robin Carruthers; César Ducruet (GC - Géographie-cités - UP1 - Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - UPD7 - Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Peter De Langen (Industrial Engineering & Innovation Sciences - TU/e - Technische Universiteit Eindhoven) |
| Abstract: | For millennia, the Mediterranean has been one of the most active trading areas, supported by a transport network connecting riparian cities and beyond to their hinterland. The Mediterranean has complex trade patterns and routes--but with key differences from the past. It is no longer an isolated world economy: it is both a trading area and a transit area linking Europe and North Africa with the rest of the world through the hub-and-spoke structure of maritime networks. Understanding how trade connectivity works in the Mediterranean, and elsewhere, is important to policy makers, especially those in developing countries in the Mediterranean, concerned with the economic benefits of large investment in infrastructure. Better connectivity is expected to increase trade with distant markets and stimulate activities in the hinterland. This book is a practical exploration of the three interdependent dimensions of trade connectivity: maritime networks, port efficiency, and hinterland connectivity. Because of the complexity and richness of maritime and trade patterns in the Mediterranean, the research book combines both a regional focus and globally scalable lessons. This book is intended for a wide readership of policy makers in maritime affairs, trade, or industry; professionals from the world of finance or development institutions; and academics. It combines empirical analysis of microeconomic shipping and port data with three case studies of choice of port (focusing on Spain, Egypt, and Morocco) and five case studies on hinterland development (Barcelona; Malta; Marseilles; Port Said East, Egypt; and Tanger Med, Morocco). |
| Date: | 2018–10–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-01933726&r=tre |
| By: | Knieps, Günter |
| Abstract: | In this paper the potentials for shared mobility services based on ICT innovations are charac-terized, requiring a paradigm shift from intramodal transportation markets to intermodal shared mobility markets. Heterogeneous ICT innovations are described, entailing various combinations of app-based mobile communications, (camera-based) sensor networks and big data processing. The potentials of shared mobility concepts to avoid traffic collapse and sig-nificantly reduce congestion and pollution in cities are considered, referring to different simu-lation studies on the impact of complete or partial replacement of private vehicles in a city with shared mobility services. Furthermore, the changing role of regulations in the context of the transition from traditional intramodal transportation markets to intermodal shared mobility services markets is considered. Firstly, it is necessary to abolish legal entry barriers to the lo-cal taxi market and the public transit market. Secondly, competition for subsidies of politi-cally desired non-cost covering (shared) mobility services should be symmetrical for all active and potential providers of shared mobility services. Thirdly, technical regulation and con-sumer protection including privacy and cybersecurity for the shared mobility markets should be applied symmetrically and consistently. Finally, the role of pilot projects to establish shared mobility concepts are demonstrated. |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itse18:184951&r=tre |
| By: | Giovanni Marin (University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Italy; SEEDS, Italy); Roberto Zoboli (Catholic University of Milan, Italy; SEEDS, Italy) |
| Abstract: | Car scrappage schemes are generally introduced to upgrade the car fleet to reduce environmental pressures arising from private transportation. The effectiveness of these schemes has been often questioned. The aim of this paper is to quantify the impact of an Italian car scrappage scheme on the rate of deregistration of old cars. The empirical evaluation of the policy is made possible by a discontinuity in the age of cars that could be subject to the support scheme. Results, based on detailed information on the car fleet and the deregistration of cars in the Italian market, suggest a very large impact of the scheme. |
| Keywords: | Car scrappage schemes; Regression Discontinuity Design |
| JEL: | H23 R48 |
| Date: | 2018–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:srt:wpaper:1418&r=tre |
| By: | Dorothée Brécard (LEAD - Laboratoire d'Économie Appliquée au Développement - UTLN - Université de Toulon); Rémy Le Boennec (VeDeCom - VEhicule DEcarboné et COmmuniquant et sa Mobilité, LGI - Laboratoire Génie Industriel - EA 2606 - CentraleSupélec); Frédéric Salladarré (CREM - Centre de recherche en économie et management - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UR1 - Université de Rennes 1 - UNIV-RENNES - Université de Rennes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, LEMNA - Laboratoire d'économie et de management de Nantes Atlantique - IEMN-IAE Nantes - Institut d'Économie et de Management de Nantes - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises - Nantes - UN - Université de Nantes - IUML - FR 3473 Institut universitaire Mer et Littoral - UM - Le Mans Université - UA - Université d'Angers - UN - Université de Nantes - ECN - École Centrale de Nantes - UBS - Université de Bretagne Sud - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | In this empirical article, we analyze the extent to which accessibility and environmental variables are capitalized in apartment prices in Nantes Métropole, France. Using a sample of 5,590 transactions in 2002, 2006, 2008 from the Perval database, we estimate a spatial hedonic price model that takes into account spatial autocorrelation and spatial heterogeneity. Special attention is also paid to the construction of environmental quality variables (noise exposure , air pollution). We find that apartment prices depend positively on proximity to Nantes city centre but that the public transport network (urban or non-urban) has no significant influence. Noise reduction is valued, but only at low or marginal levels of significance. Last, air quality does not significantly influence apartment prices. These results can be related to good accessibility and environmental quality in Nantes Métropole which probably makes households less sensitive to these issues than in other geographical contexts. This seems to provide little support for sustainable urban mobility plans favoring better accessibility, unless public authorities also target the greater awareness of the use of virtuous modes of transport. |
| Keywords: | noise exposure,air quality,spatial econometrics,hedonic price model,accessibility |
| Date: | 2018–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-01916489&r=tre |
| By: | Michael Drexl (Deggendorf Institute of Technology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz) |
| Abstract: | Ef?cient feasibility tests are important in many heuristics for routing problems. This paper considers several variants of pickup-and-delivery problems with trailers. Its contribution consists in the description of amortized constant-time procedures for testing observance of capacity constraints when inserting tasks into routes. It is demonstrated that the presence of vehicles with detachable trailers makes capacity feasibility tests considerably more involved. |
| Keywords: | Pickup-and-Delivery; Trailers; Constant-Time Feasibility Test |
| Date: | 2018–11–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jgu:wpaper:1823&r=tre |
| By: | Gaurab Aryal (Department of Economics, University of Virginia); Charles Murry (Department of Economics, Boston College); Jonathan W. Williams (Department of Economics, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill) |
| Abstract: | We develop a model of inter-temporal and intra-temporal price discrimination by airlines to study the ability of different discriminatory mechanisms to remove sources of inefficiency and the associated distributional implications. To estimate the model’s multi-dimensional distribution of preference heterogeneity, we use unique data from international airline markets with flight-level variation in prices across time and cabins, and information on passengers’ reason for travel. We find that current pricing practices grant late-arriving business passengers substantial informational rents and yield 81% of first-best welfare, with stochastic demand and asymmetric information accounting for 65% and 35% of the gap, respectively. |
| Keywords: | dynamic pricing, screening, perishable goods |
| JEL: | L00 D42 L93 |
| Date: | 2018–11–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:boc:bocoec:968&r=tre |
| By: | Jahn, Malte; Wedemeier, Jan |
| Abstract: | Cost benefit analysis (CBA) is a systematic approach to compare the costs and bene-fits of alternatives, e.g. a decision between the construction or non-construction of a traffic light, in order to assess the welfare change. The purpose of a CBA is to facilitate a more efficient allocation of resources, mainly in terms of investments decisions. In order to assess the performance of the low carbon port development investments funded within the DUAL ports project, CBA can be applied. |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:hwwipp:n111&r=tre |
| By: | Juste Raimbault (ISC-PIF - Institut des Systèmes Complexes - Paris Ile-de-France - ENS Cachan - École normale supérieure - Cachan - UP1 - Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - UP11 - Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 - X - École polytechnique - INSTITUT CURIE - Sorbonne Université - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, GC - Géographie-cités - UP1 - Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - UPD7 - Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Le transfert de processus de croissance d'organismes présentant certaines propriétés d'optimalité pour la conception ou la gestion de systèmes complexes a été montré pertinent dans de nombreux cas. Nous implémentons ici plus particulièrement un modèle de développement d'un organisme de type slime mould et l'appliquons à la conception des réseaux de transport. À partir d'un réseau potentiel couvrant l'espace et d'une distribution d'origines et destinations, l'algorithme renforce itérativement les liens les plus fréquentés, pour converger vers un réseau auto-organisé adapté à la distribution des trajectoires de mobilité. Son application est illustrée pour la conception d'un réseau de ligne de bus et d'un réseau routier, sur des cas d'étude réels. Nous démontrons par ailleurs la capacité du modèle à générer un ensemble de réseaux optimaux au sens de Pareto pour les deux objectifs contradictoires de robustesse et de coût, par une exploration systématique par l'intermédiaire du logiciel OpenMOLE, sur un système métropolitain polycentrique stylisé. |
| Date: | 2018–10–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-01904499&r=tre |
| By: | Gijon, Covadonga; Whalley, Jason |
| Abstract: | The UK economy is unbalanced, with the country's economic activity being dominated by London and the south-east of England. To address this imbalance, governments have initiated a series of initiatives aimed at creating a 'Northern Powerhouse' that will realise the north of England's economic potential. While the discussion around the realisation of the 'Northern Powerhouse' has highlighted the need for improved transportation infrastructure across the north of England, this has largely focused on rail or roads with little discussion of telecommunications. This paper seeks to overcome this surprising omission by focusing on the broadband speeds of Leeds and Newcastle, two cities located in the north of England. Using data from a variety of sources, our analysis demonstrates how broadband speeds vary within and between the two cities and are often worse than the UK average. Furthermore, our analysis of the relationship between affluence and broadband speeds in Newcastle reveals a complex picture that requires further investigation. |
| Keywords: | broadband,UK,Northern Powerhouse,digital divide |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itse18:184942&r=tre |
| By: | Roberto Evangelio (Infrastructure Victoria); Simon Hone (Aither); Moses Lee (Infrastructure Victoria); David Prentice (Infrastructure Victoria) |
| Abstract: | This paper provides the first estimates of the effects of parks on house prices within Victoria. We estimate hedonic regressions of house prices on the distance to six types of parks as well as a wide range of other amenities that may impact on house prices. We find that moving from the median to the first percentile of distances from a park is associated with increased property prices of up to $86,000. Parks are more likely to have a positive effect on house prices in regional Victoria than in Melbourne, where we speculate that for some types of parks, congestion or other types of negative externalities may be present. The current guidelines for cost-benefit analysis for transport projects do not include values for amenity effects. So the results of this work can be used to construct estimates of the amenity value of a park for a rapid cost benefit analysis. |
| Keywords: | Cost-Benefit Analysis, Parks, Amenity, Hedonic Regressions, Australia, Victoria |
| JEL: | C21 D61 D62 R00 |
| Date: | 2018–12–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:inv:tpaper:201804&r=tre |
| By: | Serfas, D. |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzes the impact the Canadian Wheat Board (CWB) had on facilitating grain movements and utilizing terminal capacity from 2009/10 to 2015/16 in western Canada through econometric methods. We conduct an ex-post analysis on capacity utilization for every grain delivery station in western Canada controlling for distance to port, car spots, railway companies, and production. We use a CWB dummy variable and freight rates from Quorum Corporation to estimate capacity utilization before and after CWB abolishment. We analyze whether the CWB had an impact on terminal turnover ratios. We conclude the regulatory change in abolishing the CWB significantly reduced capacity utilization and delivery performance despite record production and implementation of ad hoc policies. Current regulatory changes regarding the Minimum Revenue Entitlement (MRE) could have similar outcomes on grain handling performance. Acknowledgement : |
| Keywords: | Research Methods/ Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:277286&r=tre |
| By: | Gary Biglaiser (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill); Fei Li (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill); Charles Murry (Department of Economics, Boston College); Yiyi Zhou (Stony Brook University) |
| Abstract: | We examine used car dealers’ roles as intermediaries. We present empirical evidence supporting that cars sold by dealers have higher quality: (1) dealer transaction prices are higher than private market prices and this dealer premium increases in the age of the car as a ratio and is hump-shaped in dollar value, and (2) used cars purchased from dealers are less likely to be resold immediately. We formalize a model to show that these empirical facts can be rationalized either when dealers serve to alleviate information asymmetry between sellers and buyers or when dealers facilitate assortative matching between heterogenous-quality cars and heterogeneous consumers. Lastly, based on predictions of the model, we use the data to distinguish these two theories and find evidence for both, but the preponderance of the evidence supports the asymmetric information theory. |
| Keywords: | Adverse Selection, Sorting, Search Frictions, Car Dealer, Used Car, Intermediary, Middlemen |
| JEL: | D82 D83 L15 L62 |
| Date: | 2018–12–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:boc:bocoec:969&r=tre |
| By: | Juste Raimbault (ISC-PIF - Institut des Systèmes Complexes - Paris Ile-de-France - ENS Cachan - École normale supérieure - Cachan - UP1 - Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - UP11 - Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 - X - École polytechnique - INSTITUT CURIE - Sorbonne Université - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, GC - Géographie-cités - UP1 - Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - UPD7 - Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Les interactions entre réseaux de transports et territoires sont l'objet de débats scientifiques ouverts, notamment au regard de la possible existence d'effets structurants des réseaux, et liés à des enjeux pratiques cruciaux de développement territorial. Nous proposons une entrée sur celles-ci par la co-évolution, et plus particulièrement par la modélisation des processus de co-évolution entre réseaux de transport et territoires. Nous construisons une définition multi-disciplinaire de la co-évolution propre aux systèmes territoriaux et pouvant être testée empiriquement. Nous développons alors les leçons tirées par le développement de deux types de modèles, des modèles macroscopiques d'interaction dans les systèmes de villes et des modèles mesoscopiques de morphogenèse par co-évolution. Cette recherche ouvre la perspective de modèles multi-échelles pouvant être appliqués à la prospective territoriale. |
| Keywords: | Territory,Co-evolution,Modeling,Transportation networks,Réseaux de transport,Territoire,Modélisation |
| Date: | 2018–11–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-01933916&r=tre |