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on Transport Economics |
| By: | Sarah Mahdjoub (UMRESTTE UMR T9405 - Unité Mixte de Recherche Epidémiologique et de Surveillance Transport Travail Environnement - UCBL - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Université de Lyon - IFSTTAR - Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux); Martine Hours (UMRESTTE UMR T9405 - Unité Mixte de Recherche Epidémiologique et de Surveillance Transport Travail Environnement - UCBL - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Université de Lyon - IFSTTAR - Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux); Luc Baumstark (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne - Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique - ENS Lyon - École normale supérieure - Lyon - UL2 - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - UCBL - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Université de Lyon - UJM - Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] - Université de Lyon - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Mohamed Mouloud Haddak (UMRESTTE UMR T9405 - Unité Mixte de Recherche Epidémiologique et de Surveillance Transport Travail Environnement - UCBL - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Université de Lyon - IFSTTAR - Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux) |
| Abstract: | Purpose: Exposure to road traffic nuisance, such as noise, air pollution and traffic accidents, can lead to feelings of annoyance or road insecurity. Annoyance is defined as a feeling of displeasure claimed by an individual or group to be adversely affecting them, diminishing long-term quality of life; road insecurity is recognized as affecting welfare. The aim of this study was to identify the determinants (sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and related to daily mobility) of annoyance by noise and air pollution and of road insecurity. Methods: A sample of 720 subjects, aged 18 years and over, living in the Rhône Département (France) in 2013 was interviewed by questionnaire. Annoyance and feeling of road insecurity were estimated on a 10-point scale from 1 (not annoyed) to 10 (highly annoyed) for each nuisance, with a threshold of 8. Results: The main finding was that active travel mode users experienced greater annoyance, whatever the nuisance than motorized users. Conclusions: The least polluting are the most annoyed. These results are very interesting. Active travel mode users help improve air quality, alleviate traffic congestion and minimize the risk of road-accidents, as well as improving their own health. In a context in which active travel modes and public transport are being promoted, active travelers might be protected against such annoyance, liable to hinder the development of such a practice. |
| Abstract: | Objectif : L'exposition aux nuisances liées au trafic routier telles que le bruit, la pollution de l'air, les accidents de la route peut conduire à une gêne ou à un sentiment d'insécurité routière. La gêne est définie comme un sentiment de déplaisir associé à un agent ou une condition connu ou reconnu par un individu ou un groupe comme les affectant négativement, diminuant leur qualité de vie à long terme. L'insécurité routière est, quant à elle, reconnue comme affectant le bien-être. L'objectif de cette étude était d'identifier les déterminants (sociodémographiques, socioéconomiques, relatifs à la mobilité quotidienne) de la gêne liée au bruit, à la pollution de l'air, et du sentiment d'insécurité routière. Méthodes : 720 sujets, âgés de 18 ans et plus, vivant dans le département du Rhône (France) en 2013 ont été interrogés via un questionnaire soumis par téléphone. La gêne et le sentiment d'insécurité routière ont été estimés via une échelle en 10 points allant de 1 (pas gêné(e)) à 10 (fortement gêné(e)) pour chacune des nuisances, avec un seuil à 8. Résultats : Notre étude a révélé principalement que les usagers des modes doux sont ceux qui déclarés ressentir la plus forte gêne, et ce, quelle que soit la nuisance, comparé aux usagers des modes motorisés. Conclusions : Les moins polluants sont les plus gênés. Ces résultats sont vraiment intéressants. Les usagers des modes doux contribuent à une amélioration de la qualité de l'air, une réduction de la congestion du trafic et du risque d'accidents de la route, tout en améliorant la santé des populations. Dans un contexte de promotion des modes doux, ces usagers devraient être protégés contre une telle gêne, susceptible d'entraver le développement d'une telle pratique. |
| Keywords: | active travel modes,air pollution,noise,annoyance,road insecurity,bruit,gêne,pollution de l’air,modes doux,insécurité routière |
| Date: | 2018–10–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01899822&r=tre |
| By: | Timme, Florian |
| Abstract: | Evidence is presented that the number of traffic deaths and traffic injuries increased significantly due to a railway strike in Germany. While the number of slightly and seriously injured people increased on all road types, the number of fatally injured people increased only on roads out of town. The data suggest that the timing of a strike plays a crucial role in the effect on traffic injuries. Effects are stronger on weekends (Friday to Sunday) than on weekdays. |
| JEL: | J45 J52 R41 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc18:181535&r=tre |
| By: | ITF |
| Abstract: | This report examines how new shared mobility services could change mobility in Ireland’s Greater Dublin Area. Simulations of eleven different shared transport scenarios show how such services could affect congestion, CO2 emissions and the use of public space. They also examine how such solutions might impact service quality, the cost of mobility, citizens’ access to opportunities and their use of public transport. The findings provide decision makers with evidence to properly weigh opportunities and challenges created by new forms of shared transport. The work is part of a series of studies on shared mobility in different urban and metropolitan contexts. |
| Date: | 2018–10–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:itfaac:58-en&r=tre |
| By: | Marvin Kraus (Boston College) |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:boc:bocoec:136&r=tre |
| By: | ITF |
| Abstract: | This report identifies policy priorities, megatrends and pressing issues regarding the decarbonisation of urban passenger transport. It presents the results of an expert survey on important challenges in the area and summarises the findings of a workshop with 36 experts from 12 countries regarding strategies for the transition to carbon-neutral urban passenger transport. |
| Date: | 2018–10–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:itfaac:59-en&r=tre |
| By: | Elliot Fishman (Institute for Sensible Transport); Paul Schepers (Utrecht University) |
| Abstract: | This paper reviews available research on the safety impacts associated with the growth in bike share use. In the last 20 years the global fleet of dock-based and dockless bike share systems has grown to well over 4 500 000; making bike share one of the fastest growing modes of transport. This rapid increase in popularity has made bike safety a priority for policy makers and calls for a framework where bike share crash data is collected consistently to ensure safety risks can be identified and reduced, in order to encourage more sustainable urban mobility. |
| Date: | 2018–07–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:itfaab:2018/03-en&r=tre |
| By: | Hirte, Georg; Tscharaktschiew, Stefan |
| Abstract: | Transportation economists apply different labor supply models when studying anti-congestion policy: (i) endogenous working hours; (ii) endogenous workdays but given daily working hours; (iii) labor supply as a residual. We study whether the outcome of anti-congestion policies that change the relative cost of labor supply margins, and, thus, may affect decisions on working hours and working days, is robust against the model applied. In particular, we focus on welfare implications in the presence of other taxes when there is a congestion externality. We find surprisingly strong differences in quantity and sign. Further, we develop a clear recommendation for future research on issues that include decisions on commuting trips. Researchers shall apply both a model of endogenous working hours that provides an upper limit and a model of endogenous workdays that provide a lower limit of results for welfare changes, optimal policies and two optimal tax components (Pigouvian and Ramsey terms). |
| Keywords: | Public Economics,Tax Design,Time Allocation,Labor Supply,Pigouvian Tax,Urban Economics,CGE,Spatial Modeling,Transportation,Transportation Economics,Transport Policy,Congestion |
| JEL: | H2 H3 J2 R1 R4 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:tudcep:0418&r=tre |
| By: | Avdiu, Besart; Weichenrieder, Alfons |
| Abstract: | The paper compares provision of public infrastructure via public-private partnerships (PPPs) with provision under government management. Due to soft budget constraints of government management, PPPs exert more effort and therefore have a cost advantage. At the same time, hard budget constraints for PPPs introduce a bankruptcy risk and bankruptcy costs. Consequently, PPPs may be less efficient, although this does not result from PPPs’ higher interest costs. |
| JEL: | H11 H54 G33 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc18:181521&r=tre |
| By: | Benjamin Cooper (Department of Economics, University of Strathclyde); Markus Gehrsitz (Department of Economics, University of Strathclyde); Stuart McIntyre (Department of Economics, University of Strathclyde) |
| Abstract: | This study exploits a natural experiment in Scotland where the legal blood alcohol content (BAC) limit was reduced from 0.8mg to 0.5mg per 100ml of blood while staying constant in all other parts of the UK. Using a difference{in{differences design, we find that this change in the BAC level had no impact on either traffic accident or fatality rates |
| Keywords: | Road traffic fatalities, traffic accidents, diference-in-differences, blood alcohol |
| JEL: | I12 I18 K42 |
| Date: | 2018–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:str:wpaper:1812&r=tre |
| By: | Marcello Basili; Filippo Belloc |
| Abstract: | We analyse the effectiveness of Law 41/2016 (the so-called “homicide road law”), introduced in Italy in 2016 with the aim of reducing dangerous driving on Italian roads, through a system of escalating sanctioning, where the severity of the punishment is based on the type of injury caused by the road accident. We first explore theoretically the two-sided effect of Law 41/2016, in terms of general and marginal deterrence. Then, we exploit micro-data on the entire universe of road accidents in Italy in the period before and after Law 41/2016 and measure its effectiveness in reducing the number of fatal outcomes. The estimation results unveil that, after the introduction of Law 41/2016, both the extensive and the intensive margin of deaths in road accidents was not reduced, while, if anything, a weakly significant increase is observed in the extensive margin. The study may contribute to the optimal design of driving regulation both in Italy and in other countries. |
| Keywords: | Homicide Road Law, Vertical Deterrence, Marginal Deterrence, Escalating Penalties, Hybrid Sanctions |
| JEL: | K42 |
| Date: | 2018–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:usi:wpaper:781&r=tre |
| By: | James E. Anderson (Boston College) |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:boc:bocoec:73&r=tre |
| By: | James E. Anderson (Boston College) |
| Keywords: | Creation Date: 19800501 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:boc:bocoec:106&r=tre |
| By: | ITF |
| Abstract: | This report presents policy options for encouraging information sharing along the maritime supply chain. It maps the current use of digital technology and information sharing in maritime logistics and highlights the potential for making door-to-door cargo flows more efficient. It also examines the numerous challenges from interoperability issues to lack of collaboration. |
| Date: | 2018–09–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:itfaac:57-en&r=tre |
| By: | Chen, Chaoyi; Polemis, Michael; Stengos, Thanasis |
| Abstract: | We employ a pooled panel threshold model along the lines of Seo and Shin (2016) within an error correction framework to re-investigate the “rockets and feathers” hypothesis. The empirical results confirm the superiority of the threshold model compared to the baseline linear specifications, while attributing the asymmetric gasoline adjustment mechanism to Exchange Rate Pass Through (ERPT). |
| Keywords: | Gasoline asymmetry; Threshold; ERPT; Error Correction Model; EU |
| JEL: | C24 L16 |
| Date: | 2018–08–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:89575&r=tre |