|
on Transport Economics |
| By: | ITF |
| Abstract: | This report examines how increasing automation of cars and trucks could affect road safety, and which security vulnerabilities will need to be addressed with the rise of self-driving vehicles. It applies the principles of the Safe System approach and relevance of Vision Zero for road safety to the wider discussion on vehicle automation. It also takes into consideration the security of the cyber-physical system associated with automated driving, including a definition of relevant system boundaries and future-proof minimum requirements for safety and security. |
| Date: | 2018–05–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:itfaac:55-en&r=tre |
| By: | Vijaya Bandyopadhyaya (Chandragupt Institute of Management Patna); Ranja Bandyopadhyaya (National Institute of Technology Patna); Chitranjan Prashad (District Transport Officer) |
| Abstract: | Road traffic congestion is a major problem with rapid urbanization, increased travel demand and use of personal vehicles. In old cities of developing nations, with narrow roads and unmanaged raodside parkings, congestion problems require special attention. Parking management and pricing, including penalty for illegal parking, can go a long way in reducing congestion of the city. This paper attempts to understand the underlying factors determining level of awareness of people about congestion and its effects, their willingness to take responsibility, their perception about parking management and pricing and its effectiveness through study of perception of people of Patna, Bihar, India using structured questionnaire. Factor Analysis is done to identify the factors which can be modeled with willingness to pay. |
| Keywords: | Road traffic congestion, Congestion pricing, Parking Management, Perception Survey, Factor Analysis |
| JEL: | R41 |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:6509693&r=tre |
| By: | Federico Barra; Claudia Berg; Philip Verwimp |
| Abstract: | The nexus of conflict, transportation costs, and poverty is one which has received scant attention in the literature. This paper explores the effect of conflict on poverty in Nigeria, taking accessibility into account. The analysis relies on household data from the Living Standards Measurement Study (LSMS) and on conflict data from Armed Conflict Location Events Dataset (ACLED). To account for methodological challenges in the conflict data, we implement a ‘hot spot’ strategy whereby incidents within a limited geographic area over time are grouped. To address the potential endogeneity of conflict, we use past incidences of violence to instrument for more recent conflict. Transport costs are instrumented using the natural path, the time it takes to reach the market absent any roads. We find that decreasing transportation costs decreases multidimensional poverty and that its impact is stronger in areas of low conflict. We also find suggestive evidence that conflict and poverty are negatively correlated in Nigeria. |
| Keywords: | Multi-dimensional poverty, conflict, Nigeria, geospatial |
| Date: | 2018–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eca:wpaper:2013/277825&r=tre |
| By: | Edward L. Glaeser; Giacomo A.M. Ponzetto |
| Abstract: | Will politics lead to over-building or under-building of transportation projects? In this paper, we develop a model of infrastructure policy in which politicians overdo things that have hidden costs and underperform tasks whose costs voters readily perceive. Consequently, national funding of transportation leads to overspending, since voters more readily perceive the upside of new projects than the future taxes that will be paid for distant highways. Yet when local voters are well-informed, the highly salient nuisances of local construction, including land taking and noise, lead to under-building.This framework explains the decline of urban mega-projects in the US (Altshuler and Luberoff 2003) as the result of increasingly educated and organized urban voters. Our framework also predicts more per capita transportation spending in low-density and less educated areas, which seems to be empirically correct. |
| Keywords: | infrastructure, political economy, transportation investment, nuisance mitigation, elections, imperfect information |
| JEL: | D72 D82 H54 H76 R42 R53 |
| Date: | 2017–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bge:wpaper:1058&r=tre |
| By: | Jiang, Yushi; Borojo, Dinkneh Gebre |
| Abstract: | The authors examine the impacts of quality of institutions, border and transport efficiency, physical and communication infrastructure on overall and intra-Africa trade covering 44 African countries and their 173 trade partners for the periods 2000-2014. Aggregate indicators are derived for quality of economic institutions, border and transport efficiency, physical and communication infrastructure using principal component analysis. The findings disclose that intra-Africa and overall Africa's trade robustly determined by quality of institutions, border and transport efficiency, physical and communication infrastructure. The estimates also indicate that the marginal effect of the quality of institutions, physical and communication infrastructure on trade flow appears to be increasing in GDP per capita. In contrast, the marginal effect of border and transport efficiency on trade decreases in GDP per capita. The authors compute simulation of improving each indicator to the best performer in the sample. The findings are robust to estimation method conducted to account for potential endogeneity. |
| Keywords: | Trade flow,transport efficiency,quality of institutions,physical and communication infrastructure,gravity model,African countries |
| JEL: | F1 F14 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ifwedp:201875&r=tre |
| By: | ITF |
| Abstract: | This report investigates the role of drones as part of the future transport mix. It specifically addresses the issues policy makers face in engaging with the emerging private drone sector. Drones have the potential to improve existing practices, for instance in the surveying of infrastructure. They also have innovative uses in areas such as freight delivery, passenger transport in both urban and rural areas, or in disaster relief. With the sector developing at a rapid pace, regulators will want to create frameworks for drone use that allow innovation while ensuring positive overall outcomes. |
| Date: | 2018–05–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:itfaac:54-en&r=tre |
| By: | ITF |
| Abstract: | This report examines how advances in data science and encoding could improve transport. It investigates three linked and rapidly changing areas: First, it discusses the deployment of blockchain and other distributed ledger-based approaches, that record transactions efficiently and in a verifiable and permanent way. Secondly, the study looks at open algorithms and other alternatives to traditional data-sharing. Finally, it reviews the development of a common data syntax for encoding mobility services. |
| Date: | 2018–05–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:itfaac:52-en&r=tre |
| By: | Elliot Fishman (Institute for Sensible Transport); Paul Schepers (Utrecht University) |
| Abstract: | This paper reviews available research on the safety impacts associated with the growth in bike share use. In the last 20 years the global fleet of dock-based and dockless bike share systems has grown to well over 4 500 000; making bike share one of the fastest growing modes of transport. This rapid increase in popularity has made bike safety a priority for policy makers and calls for a framework where bike share crash data is collected consistently to ensure safety risks can be identified and reduced, in order to encourage more sustainable urban mobility. |
| Date: | 2018–07–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:itfaab:2018/02-en&r=tre |
| By: | ITF |
| Abstract: | This report reviews international best practice of transport appraisal and considers how the existing policy frameworks can help governments strategically address regional challenges. The report is the product of the work undertaken by the International Transport Forum (ITF) at the OECD to inform the reform of the National Investment Plan of the Slovak Republic. |
| Date: | 2018–08–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:itfaac:51-en&r=tre |
| By: | ITF |
| Abstract: | This report discusses the street design and pricing implications of a large-scale introduction of ride-sharing services and other innovative mobility options in urban settings. It looks at the potential for a shift away from a model of the use of curb space focused on street parking to one that makes more flexible use of curb space for pick-up and drop-off zones for passengers and freight. The study presents the results of quantitative modelling of alternative curb-use scenarios and discusses their relative efficiency, contribution to wider policy objectives and implications on city revenues. |
| Date: | 2018–05–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:itfaac:56-en&r=tre |
| By: | ITF |
| Abstract: | This report assesses the impact of transport commitments made in the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) of the Paris Climate Agreement on national-level transport CO2 emissions. It contains an introduction to NDCs and provides an overview of economy-wide CO2reduction targets that were defined in these pledges. The methodology, developed specifically for this report, allows a sectoral assessment despite the often limited information regarding specific ambitions for transport and planned CO2mitigation measures. |
| Date: | 2018–10–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:itfaac:50-en&r=tre |