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on Transport Economics |
| By: | Lobyrev, Vitaly; Tikhomirov, Andrey; Tsukarev, Taras; Vinokurov, Evgeny |
| Abstract: | The report presents an analysis of the impact that international freight traffic barriers have on logistics, transit potential, and development of transport corridors traversing EAEU member states. Restrictions discussed in this report include infrastructural (transport and logistical infrastructure), border/customs-related, and administrative/legal barriers. The authors also provide the recommendations regarding removal of barriers that hamper international freight traffic along the China-EAEU-EU axis. |
| Keywords: | Transport corridors, Belt and Road Initiative, transport infrastructure, non-tariff barriers, freight traffic, EAEU, China, EU |
| JEL: | F15 R41 R42 |
| Date: | 2018–05–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:86705&r=tre |
| By: | Jerónimo Carballo; Georg Schaur; Christian Volpe Martincus |
| Abstract: | Trade facilitation policies intend to simplify administrative processes and accelerate the handling of shipments across borders. Recent research shows that these policies have substantial effects on trade flows. In this chapter, we discuss what the existing evidence for trade implies for the provision of transportation services. In addition, we make use of a particular policy change, an upgrade to a new transit trade regime, to illustrate the many direct and indirect linkages between trade facilitation and transportation. These multiple connections imply that a well-functioning transportation sector is important to realize the full potential of trade facilitation policies. Our conceptual and empirical analyses show that, despite an increase in demand for transportation services, the effect of trade facilitation on freight rates and the underlying transportation sector is far from obvious. This calls for future research to examine equilibrium adjustment channels to trade facilitation policies in the transportation sector. |
| Keywords: | Transport Costs, Trade Policy, Export Performance, Customs Administration, Freight, Trading costs, Exporting Firm, Latin America, freight, customs, Trade Interactions |
| JEL: | F14 F13 F10 |
| Date: | 2017–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idb:brikps:8177&r=tre |
| By: | Jose Asturias (Georgetown University Qatar); Manuel García-Santana (UPF, Barcelona GSE and CEPR); Roberto Ramos (Banco de España) |
| Abstract: | A significant amount of resources is spent every year on the improvement of transportation infrastructure in developing countries. In this paper, we investigate the effects of one such large project, the Golden Quadrilateral in India. We do so using a model of internal trade with variable markups. In contrast to the previous literature, our model incorporates several channels through which transportation infrastructure affects welfare. In particular, the model accounts for gains stemming from improvements in the allocative efficiency of the economy. We calibrate the model to the Indian manufacturing sector and find real income gains of 2.7%. We also find that allocative efficiency accounts for 7.4% of these gains. The importance of allocative efficiency varies greatly across states, and can account for up to 18% of the overall gains in some states. The remaining welfare gains are accounted for by changes in labor income, productive efficiency, and average markups that affect states’ terms of trade. |
| Keywords: | transportation infrastructure, internal trade, welfare, allocative efficiency |
| JEL: | F12 F14 O40 |
| Date: | 2018–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bde:wpaper:1816&r=tre |
| By: | Mariem Bougueroua (Département Économie, Université de Mostaganem); Laurent Carnis (IFSTTAR/AME/DEST - Dynamiques Economiques et Sociales des Transports - Communauté Université Paris-Est - IFSTTAR - Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux) |
| Abstract: | This article analyses the road safety situation for Algeria since 1970 and its relation with the level of the economic development of the country. Applying the curve of Kuznets (1955) to road safety (especially for fatalities and injuries), the results show that there is such a curve for fatalities. However, such a relationship has not been verified for injuries. Moreover, the identified Kuznets curve for fatalities reached the turning point in Algeria. Despite an improvement of the economic situation, the large investment projects in infrastructures and transportation, economic development, yielding a positive impact on the road safety situation, a higher toll for fatalities and injuries could be expected if the authorities would not implement the appropriate countermeasures. |
| Abstract: | Cet article propose une analyse de la situation de l'insécurité routière en Algérie depuis 1970 et sa relation avec le niveau de développement économique du pays. L'approche de Kuznets (1955) est appliquée aux victimes des accidents routiers (tués et blessés lors d'un accident de la circulation), enregistrés pendant la période 1970-2015. Cette contribution identifie une relation de Kuznets pour les victimes tuées, mais pas pour les victimes blessées. Par ailleurs, les résultats de l'analyse montrent que cette relation a désormais atteint son maximum en Algérie (point d'inflexion). Malgré l'amélioration de la situation économique et les grands projets d'investissement notamment dans les infrastructures et les services de transports, le développement économique produit un impact positif sur la sécurité routière du pays, les autorités peuvent s'attendre à voir la situation se dégrader de nouveau si elles ne prennent pas des mesures appropriées. |
| Keywords: | Algeria,road safety,economic development,Kuznets curve,courbe de Kuznets,insécurité routière,développement économique,Algérie |
| Date: | 2018–04–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01777863&r=tre |
| By: | Karen Clay; Margarita Portnykh; Edson Severnini |
| Abstract: | Using U.S county level data on lead in air for 1978-1988 and lead in topsoil in the 2000s, this paper examines the impact of lead exposure on a critical human function with societal implications – fertility. To provide causal estimates of the effect of lead on fertility, we use two sets of instruments: i) the interaction of the timing of implementation of Clean Air Act regulations and the 1944 Interstate Highway System Plan for the panel data and ii) the 1944 Interstate Highway System Plan for the cross sectional data. We find that reductions in airborne lead between 1978 and 1988 increased fertility rates and that higher lead in topsoil decreased fertility rates in the 2000s. The latter finding is particularly concerning, because it suggests that lead may continue to impair fertility today, both in the United States and in other countries that have significant amounts of lead in topsoil. |
| JEL: | I18 J13 Q52 Q53 |
| Date: | 2018–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:24607&r=tre |
| By: | Martin Labaj (Department of Economic Policy, University of Economics in Bratislava) |
| Abstract: | In this paper we analyze the international transport margins based on the data from World Input-Output Tables. First, we discuss the differences between national and international input-output tables. Then we analyze the share of international transport margins on total imports. Finally, we discuss the possibilities to make use of World Input-output tables for an analysis of illicit capital flows in the world economy. We conclude that we should be skeptical with respect to estimation of illicit capital flows from World Input-Output Tables but we suggest using World Input-Output Tables for an estimation of potential consequences of illicit capital flows obtained from other sources on real economy. |
| Keywords: | world input-output tables, international transport margins |
| JEL: | C14 F10 |
| Date: | 2017–12–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:brt:wpaper:012&r=tre |