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on Transport Economics |
| By: | Geir H. M. Bjertnæs (Statistics Norway) |
| Abstract: | A tax on fuel combined with tax-exemptions or subsidies for purchase of fuel-efficient vehicles is implemented in many countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and other negative externalities from road traffic. This study, however, shows that a tax on fuel should be combined with heavier taxation of fuel-efficient vehicles to curb externalities from road traffic. The tax on fuel is implemented to curb externalities linked to both consumption of fuel and road use. The heavier tax on fuel-efficient vehicles prevents that motorists avoid the road user charge on fuel by purchasing fuel-efficient vehicles. |
| Keywords: | Transportation; optimal taxation; environmental taxation; global warming |
| JEL: | H2 H21 H23 Q58 R48 |
| Date: | 2017–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ssb:dispap:867&r=tre |
| By: | Fabio Antonialli (UFLA - Universidade Federal de Lavras, LGI - Laboratoire Génie Industriel - EA 2606 - CentraleSupélec); Bruna Habib Cavazza (UFLA - Universidade Federal de Lavras, LGI - Laboratoire Génie Industriel - EA 2606 - CentraleSupélec); Rodrigo Marçal Gandia (UFLA - Universidade Federal de Lavras); Isabelle Nicolaï (LGI - Laboratoire Génie Industriel - EA 2606 - CentraleSupélec); Arthur De Miranda Neto (Heudiasyc - Heuristique et Diagnostic des Systèmes Complexes [Compiègne] - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UFLA - Universidade Federal de Lavras); Joel Yutaka Sugano (UFLA - Universidade Federal de Lavras); André Luiz Zambalde (UFLA - Universidade Federal de Lavras) |
| Abstract: | This paper aims at identifying the adherences of the propositions of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) over Traditional Vehicles (TradVs) by using the theoretical models of the blue ocean's strategy four-action framework and value curve (Kim & Mauborgne, 2005) and disruptive innovation (Christensen, 1997). Specifically, it aims at drawing new value curves for AVs over TradVs when considering AVs as a service and as a product. As for methodology, this study is classified as qualitative, empirical and descriptive with data collection via open questionnaires with AVs specialists in France, Belgium and Brazil and analyzed by content analysis (Bardin, 2010). The results point to the arrival of a " new " vehicle concept that includes: different ownership forms; free time for users (no driving required); " infotainment " ; social integration of elder and handicapped people; in all, factors that will cause the extinction of some markets and creation of others. The AVs' value curves present different characteristics when compared to TradVs', in a sense that the main elements to be reduced are: human intervention; ownership; related services and accidents. The elements to be eliminated (in higher automation levels) are: car components like steering-wheel and pedals; rear-view mirrors; driver's license need; driver's liability as well as the fact that driving sensations and driver's control over the vehicle tend to disappear. It is also discussed about the vehicle's business environment and related services that might fade away, such as: car dealerships, driving schools and gas stations. On the other hand, aspects such as: comfort, relaxation, driving fluidity and timing efficiency will be raised as well as there will be seen the creation of a new use of the time, reconfiguration of the design and the mobility for other audiences. |
| Keywords: | Autonomous Vehicles,Value Curve,Four-action Framework,Disruptive Innovation,Blue Ocean Strategy |
| Date: | 2017–09–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01652768&r=tre |
| By: | Laszlo Goerke; Olga Lorenz |
| Abstract: | We investigate the causal effect of commuting on sickness absence from work using German panel data. To address reverse causation, we use changes in commuting distance for employees who stay with the same employer and who have the same residence during the period of observation. In contrast to previous papers, we do not observe that commuting distances are associated with higher sickness absence, in general. Only employees who commute long distances are absent about 20% more than employees with no commutes. We explore various explanations for the effect of long distance commutes to work and can find no evidence that it is due to working hours mismatch, lower work effort, reduced leisure time or differences in health status. |
| Keywords: | sickness absence, absenteeism, commuting, health, labour supply |
| JEL: | I10 J22 R2 R40 |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:diw:diwsop:diw_sp946&r=tre |
| By: | Rocío Cascajo (Transyt - UPM - Universidad Politécnica de Madrid); Lourdes Diaz Olvera (LAET - Laboratoire Aménagement Économie Transports - UL2 - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - ENTPE - École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Andrés Monzon (Transyt - UPM - Universidad Politécnica de Madrid); Didier Plat (LAET - Laboratoire Aménagement Économie Transports - UL2 - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - ENTPE - École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Jean-Baptiste Ray (Movi'cité) |
| Abstract: | The objective of this paper is to assess the impacts of the economic crisis in Spain on the transport expenditure of households from 2006 to 2014 and how transport authorities reacted to cope with the decreasing public resources and transport demand. The approach is based on quantitative and qualitative sources of information: the Spanish Household Budget Survey and in-depth interviews with public transport policy makers from six metropolitan areas. Transport is one of the household expenditure items that is the most affected by the crisis. The average amount spent on transport fell to its lowest value in 2013, dropping by 37% in six years. The proportion of budget spent on transport was reduced by a majority of households, whatever the residential location or purchasing power, with the exception of the poorest. Households reacted promptly to the crisis by reducing their purchases of new cars; their spending on transport use was affected less significantly. Poor households or those living in low-density areas were least able to reduce their transport costs. To cope with the crisis, public transport authorities reduced transport supply and increased fares. They also implemented other measures to bring in extra income which had no impact on transport services. The research concludes that sustainability-oriented transport policies promoting public transport and the reduction of car dependency, together with sustainable land-use policies, may help to limit the household transport budget and the impacts of an economic crisis on mobility. |
| Keywords: | Household transport expenditure,Spanish case,Public transport policy,Economic crisis,Household transport |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-01672812&r=tre |
| By: | Bruna Habib Cavazza (LGI - Laboratoire Génie Industriel - EA 2606 - CentraleSupélec, UFLA - Universidade Federal de Lavras); Rodrigo Gandia (UFLA - Universidade Federal de Lavras); Fabio Antonialli (UFLA - Universidade Federal de Lavras, LGI - Laboratoire Génie Industriel - EA 2606 - CentraleSupélec); Isabelle Nicolaï (LGI - Laboratoire Génie Industriel - EA 2606 - CentraleSupélec); André Zambalde (UFLA - Universidade Federal de Lavras); Joel Sugano (UFLA - Universidade Federal de Lavras); Arthur De Miranda Neto (UFLA - Universidade Federal de Lavras) |
| Abstract: | This paper aims at characterizing the Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) research field in the areas of management and business in its bibliometric context; identifying strategies, practices and management tools specified in the scope of the investigated publications; summarizing existing evidence, pointing to gaps within this study area. Methodologically, the research is characterized as qualitative and descriptive, drawn by a bibliometric review on the databases; ISI Web of Science, Scopus and Science Direct, followed by a systematic integrative bibliographic review. All the titles and abstracts of the identified articles were analyzed allowing for a research refinement, adopting the exclusion criteria for; a) duplicates; b) not obtained references; and c) misaligned references. The main results pointed out that, in the near future AVs will certainly be inserted in our society, however the way in which this innovation might be established is still surrounded by uncertainties, impacting directly on governments' lack of planning for such arrival (Guerra, 2016). The absence of work related to the business area can be a driving factor, considering that business models plays an extremely important role in the events that precede the AVs' advancement (Yun et al., 2016). Nevertheless, among the analyzed papers, a studies' trend is highlighted, especially in European countries (e. g. U.K. and Germany), related to AVs' business model of " car-sharing " (Zakharenko, 2016; Geldmacher, 2016); presenting such as a great substitute for traditional transportation models (cars, taxis and buses) (Enoch, 2015). In this way, it was observed a study gap related to business models and platforms, radical and responsible innovation theories, in order to minimize the risks, impacts and uncertainties of the eminent arrival of AVs and provide the necessary tools to guide governmental and organizational spheres. |
| Keywords: | Autonomous Vehicles,Business,Management,Systematic Integrative Review,Bibliometric Review |
| Date: | 2017–09–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01652845&r=tre |
| By: | Alabi Oluwafisayo (International Public Policy Institute, University of Strathclyde); Martin Smith (St Andrews Centre for Advanced Materials, University of St Andrews); John Irvine (Barelett School of Environment, University College London); Karen Turner (International Public Policy Institute, University of Strathclyde) |
| Abstract: | A core theme of the UK Government’s new Industrial Strategy is exploiting opportunities for domestic supply chain development. This extends to a special ‘Automotive Sector Deal’ that focuses on the shift to low emissions vehicles (LEVs). Here attention is on electric vehicle and battery production and innovation. In this paper, we argue that a more straightforward gain in terms of framing policy around potential economic benefits may be made through supply chain activity to support refuelling of battery/hydrogen vehicles. We set this in the context of LEV refuelling supply chains potentially replicating the strength of domestic upstream linkages observed in the UK electricity and/or gas industries. We use input-output multiplier analysis to deconstruct and assess the structure of these supply chains relative to that of more import-intensive petrol and diesel supply. A crucial multiplier result is that for every £1million of spending on electricity (or gas), 8 full-time equivalent jobs are supported throughout the UK. This compares to less than 3 in the case of petrol/diesel supply. Moreover, the importance of service industries becomes apparent, with 67% of indirect and induced supply chain employment to support electricity generation being located in services industries. The comparable figure for GDP is 42%. |
| Keywords: | electric vehicles, input-output model, multipliers, value-added multiplier, employment multiplier, supply chain development |
| JEL: | C67 Q42 Q43 Q48 R48 |
| Date: | 2018–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:str:wpaper:1801&r=tre |
| By: | Giulio Mattioli (University of Leeds); Jean-Pierre Nicolas (LAET - Laboratoire Aménagement Économie Transports - UL2 - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - ENTPE - École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Carsten Gertz (Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg) |
| Abstract: | Since the early 2000s issues of transport poverty and social exclusion have received increasing attention in transport studies (Dodson et al., 2004; Hine and Mitchell, 2001; Lucas et al., 2001). Although much of this research has focused on low-mobility and/or carless individuals, there has been growing awareness that the costs of daily mobility can have important economic stress impacts. In developed countries with high levels of car dependence, the costs of motoring can be burdensome, raising questions of affordability for households with limited economic resources. A number of developments in the first two decades of this century have contributed to raise the profile of household transport costs as a research topic and a policy concern. First, and more obviously, increasing and increasingly volatile global oil prices have raised concerns for the vulnerability of households to fuel price increases (Dodson and Sipe, 2007). Second, the rise of the climate change agenda has led to consider pricing measures as a key component of sustainable transport policy. Implementation of such measures however, has often been hampered by concerns for the distributional impacts of increasing transport costs faced by households. Third, the global financial crisis of 2007–2008 and its aftermath have highlighted broader issues of living standards, economic stress and affordability, which go beyond the specific case of transport. In this context, a further reason to investigate household transport costs has to do with other competing pressures on household budgets. |
| Keywords: | Household transport costs,Household budgets,Competing pressures |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-01672810&r=tre |
| By: | Pietro Lanzini (Dept. of Management, Università Ca' Foscari Venice); Daniel Pinheiro (UDESC Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina); Mauro Bonin (UDESC Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina) |
| Abstract: | Mobility in Brazil represents a crucial challenge for policy makers, given the economic, environmental and social problems that current patterns of transportation bear in densely populated urban areas. The research stems from the assumption that, since commuters play a key-role in driving the change towards innovative and environment-friendly mobility systems, a thorough understanding of the motives underpinning modal choice is a pre-requisite for the implementation of sound strategies and policies. The paper illustrates the preliminary results of an empirical investigation on modal choice on a sample of 436 commuters from the urban area of Florian—polis, Santa Catarina (Brazil). Policy implications for public authorities are presented, and avenues for future research are proposed. |
| Keywords: | sustainable mobility; policy makers; commuters; travel mode choice |
| JEL: | M48 |
| Date: | 2018–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:vnm:wpdman:149&r=tre |
| By: | Christian Tilk (Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany); Michael Drexl (Faculty of Applied Natural Sciences and Industrial Engineering, Deggendorf, Germany); Stefan Irnich (Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany) |
| Abstract: | This paper considers vehicle routing problems (VRPs) with multiple resource interdependencies and addresses the development and computational evaluation of an exact branch-and-price-and-cut algorithm for their solution. An interdependency between two resources means that the two resource consumptions influence one another in such a way that a tradeoff exists between them. This impacts the feasibility and/or the cost of a solution. The subproblem in branch-and-price-and-cut procedures for VRPs is very often a variant of the shortestpath problem with resource constraints (SPPRC). For the exact solution of many SPPRC variants, dynamicprogramming based labeling algorithms are predominant. The tradeoffs in problems with multiple resource interdependencies, however, render the application of labeling algorithms unpromising. This is because complex data structures for managing the tradeoff curves are necessary and only weak dominance criteria are possible, so that the labeling algorithm becomes almost a pure enumeration. Therefore, we propose to solve also the SPPRC subproblem with branch-and-price-and-cut. This results in a two-level, nested branch-and-price-and-cut algorithm. We analyze different variants of the algorithm to enable the exchange of columns and also rows between the different levels. To demonstrate the computational viability of our approach, we perform computational experiments on a prototypical VRP with time windows, minimal and maximal delivery quantities for each customer, a customer-dependent profit paid for each demand unit delivered, and temporal synchronization constraints between some pairs of customers. In this problem, tradeoffs exist between cost and load and between cost and time. |
| Keywords: | Routing, Vehicle routing, Synchronization, Nested decomposition, Branch-and-price-and-cut |
| Date: | 2018–01–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jgu:wpaper:1801&r=tre |
| By: | Coraline Daubresse |
| Keywords: | Transport |
| Date: | 2017–03–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpb:wpaper:1702&r=tre |
| By: | Rodrigo Marçal (UFLA - Universidade Federal de Lavras); Ricardo Braga (UFLA - Universidade Federal de Lavras); Fabio Antonialli (UFLA - Universidade Federal de Lavras, LGI - Laboratoire Génie Industriel - EA 2606 - CentraleSupélec); Bruna Habib Cavazza (UFLA - Universidade Federal de Lavras, LGI - Laboratoire Génie Industriel - EA 2606 - CentraleSupélec); Joel Yutaka Sugano (UFLA - Universidade Federal de Lavras); Cleber Castro (UFLA - Universidade Federal de Lavras); André Luiz Zambalde (UFLA - Universidade Federal de Lavras); Arthur Miranda Neto (UFLA - Universidade Federal de Lavras); Isabelle Nicolaï (LGI - Laboratoire Génie Industriel - EA 2606 - CentraleSupélec) |
| Date: | 2017–06–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01652925&r=tre |
| By: | Wendy E. Dunn; Maria D. Tito |
| Abstract: | In this note, we assess the pattern of consumption inequality using an alternative data source--namely, new motor vehicle purchases. |
| Date: | 2018–01–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fedgfn:2018-01-12&r=tre |
| By: | Yurong Chen (LGI - Laboratoire Génie Industriel - EA 2606 - CentraleSupélec) |
| Date: | 2017–08–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01655962&r=tre |