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on Transport Economics |
| By: | ITF |
| Abstract: | This report examines how the optimised use of new on-demand shared transport modes could change the future of mobility in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area in Finland. Based on simulation, it provides indicators for the impact of shared mobility solutions on accessibility, metro/rail ridership, required parking space, congestion and CO2 emissions. The model also analyses service quality, efficiency and cost competitiveness of the shared solutions. In addition, the report explores the willingness among the citizens of the Helsinki region to adopt shared mobility solutions based on focus group analysis. The findings provide an evidence base for decision makers to weigh opportunities and challenges created by new forms of shared transport services. The work is part of a series of studies on shared mobility in different urban and metropolitan contexts. This report is part of the International Transport Forum’s Case-Specific Policy Analysis series. These are topical studies on specific issues carried out by the ITF in agreement with local institutions. |
| Date: | 2017–10–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:itfaac:39-en&r=tre |
| By: | Valeria Bernardo (GiM-IREA, University of Barcelona. Diagonal Av. 690, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.); Xavier Fageda (GiM-IREA, University of Barcelona. Diagonal Av. 690, 08034, Barcelona, Spain. Mail to:) |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we examine the impact of non-stop flights on the connectivity of European cities with distant locations from the rest of the world. We use data on inter-city passenger flows including non-stop and connecting traffic so that we have a precise measure of the economic and social links between cities. We apply a matching procedure and run regressions using instrumental variables to deal with the potential endogeneity bias of the variables for non-stop flights. We find a strong causal relationship between the amount of total traffic and the supply of non-stop long-haul flights in the considered inter-city markets. Traffic increases from the shift from ‘not having’ to ‘having’ non-stop flights can be more than double. Such increase in the amount of traffic does not seem to be related with a systematic change in fares. |
| Keywords: | Air transportation; inter-city connections; matching analysis; instrumental variables |
| Date: | 2017–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:xrp:wpaper:xreap2017-01&r=tre |
| By: | Hunold, Matthias; Hüschelrath, Kai; Laitenberger, Ulrich; Muthers, Johannes |
| Abstract: | We study competition in markets with significant transport costs and capacity constraints. We compare the cases of price competition and coordination in a theoretical model and find that when firms compete, they more often serve more distant customers that are closer to plants of competitors. By means of a rich micro-level data set of the cement industry in Germany, we provide empirical evidence in support of this result. Controlling for other potentially confounding factors, such as the number of production plants and demand, we find that the transport distances between suppliers and customers were on average significantly lower in cartel years than in non-cartel years. |
| Keywords: | capacity constraints,cartel,cement,transport costs |
| JEL: | K21 L11 L41 L61 |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:zewdip:17035&r=tre |
| By: | Frimmel, Wolfgang; Halla, Martin; Paetzold, Jörg |
| Abstract: | Does tax evasion run in the family? We study the case of the commuter tax allowance in Austria, which is designed as a step function of the commuting distance, creating sharp discontinuities at each bracket threshold. The data sources allow us to observe actual compliance behavior at the individual level. To identify a causal effect, we use the paternal distance-to-bracket as an IV for paternal compliance. We find that paternal noncompliance increases children's non-compliance by about 24%. |
| JEL: | H26 A13 H24 |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc17:168244&r=tre |
| By: | Hagemann, Gunnar; Kerner, Philip; Wolf, André |
| Abstract: | Im Hinblick auf das Ausmaß an Verkehrsaktivität gehört der Hamburg Airport seit langer Zeit zu den bedeutendsten deutschen Flughäfen. Ziel der neuen HWWI-Studie ist es, die regionalwirtschaftlichen Effekte des Flughafens für Hamburg zu beleuchten und so mehr Aufmerksamkeit für seine Bedeutung als Wirtschaftsfaktor zu erzeugen. |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:hwwipp:106&r=tre |