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on Transport Economics |
| By: | André De Palma (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Stef Proost (Department of Economics, KU Leuven); Ravi Seshadri (Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre); Moshe Ben-Akiva (MIT - Massachusetts Institute of Technology) |
| Abstract: | To address traffic congestion, two categories of instruments are used: price regulation (for instance, road pricing or congestion tolling) and quantity regulation (credit-based mobility schemes). Although the comparison of price and quantity regulation has received significant attention in the economics community, the literature is relatively sparse in the context of transportation systems. This paper develops a methodology to compare the toll and mobility permit instruments using a simple transportation network consisting of parallel highway routes and a public transport alternative. The permits can be traded across roads. The demand for each route is determined by a mixed logit route choice model and the supply consists of static congestion. The comparison is based on the optimum social welfare which is computed for each instrument by solving a non-convex optimization problem involving the mixed logit equilibrium constraints. Equity considerations are also examined. Numerical experiments conducted across a wide range of demand/supply inputs indicate that the toll and mobility permit instruments perform very closely in efficiency terms. The permit system is on average more efficient, but only by a small margin. |
| Keywords: | Social Welfare, Mixed Logit,Tolls, Mobility Permits, Equity, Stochastic Demand |
| Date: | 2016–11–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:cesptp:hal-01397582&r=tre |
| By: | Moez Kilani (EQUIPPE - Economie Quantitative, Intégration, Politiques Publiques et Econométrie - Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies - Université de Lille, Sciences Humaines et Sociales - PRES Université Lille Nord de France - Université de Lille, Droit et Santé); André De Palma (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Stef Proost (Center for Economic Studies - CES - KU Leuven - CES - KU Leuven) |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the entry of new competitors in public transport like long distance busses that compete with rail. A stylized model is used that analyzes the addition of a new more direct line in an existing network. We show that the introduction of the new line is only beneficial if there are relatively many users that want to use the new direct line. Our result raises serious concerns with respect to the decentralized management of transit systems. |
| Keywords: | externalities 1,public transport,Transport investment |
| Date: | 2016–03–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:cesptp:hal-01282877&r=tre |
| By: | Perdomo Calvo, Jorge Andrés |
| Abstract: | Several articles have theoretically and empirically verified favorable changes in the value (per square meter) of properties near urban mass transit infrastructure. The main purpose of this study was to demonstrate this effect under an unbiased specification using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and advanced econometric techniques (Pooled Cross Sections, Spatial Econometrics, Box-Cox Transformation and Structural Change). Particularly, if the construction of the bus rapid transit (BRT) infrastructure impacted the price market (per square meter or asking price) of the residential and commercial properties in Bogota and Barranquilla (Colombia) with access to the BRT. Results indicated the true private monetary or higher valuation of such properties, caused by public investment over several years (1999-2011). This effect is conceived as a positive economic externality of the BRT projects |
| Keywords: | Property value; BRT infrastructure; Colombia; advanced econometric techniques; unbiased specification |
| JEL: | C52 L92 R14 R23 R42 |
| Date: | 2015–10–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:79611&r=tre |
| By: | Reda Cherif; Fuad Hasanov; Aditya Pande |
| Abstract: | Recent technological developments and past technology transitions suggest that the world could be on the verge of a profound shift in transportation technology. The return of the electric car and its adoption, like that of the motor vehicle in place of horses in early 20th century, could cut oil consumption substantially in the coming decades. Our analysis suggests that oil as the main fuel for transportation could have a much shorter life span left than commonly assumed. In the fast adoption scenario, oil prices could converge to the level of coal prices, about $15 per barrel in 2015 prices by the early 2040s. In this possible future, oil could become the new coal. |
| Date: | 2017–05–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:17/120&r=tre |
| By: | Mogens Fosgerau (DTU - Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby]); André De Palma (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | We formulate a family of direct utility functions for the consumption of a differentiated good. This family is based on a generalization of the Shan-non entropy. It includes dual representations of all additive random utility discrete choice models, as well as models in which goods are complements. Demand models for market shares can be estimated by plain regression, enabling the use of instrumental variables. Models for microdata can be estimated by maximum likelihood. |
| Keywords: | market shares,product differentiation,discrete choice,duality,generalized entropy , C25, L1 |
| Date: | 2016–03–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:cesptp:hal-01291347&r=tre |
| By: | Knapp, S.; Vander Hoorn, S. |
| Abstract: | Maritime regulators and port authorities require the ability to predict risk exposure for strategic planning aspects to optimize asset allocation, mitigate and prevent incidents. This article builds on previous work to develop the strategic planning component and introduces the concept of a multilayered risk estimation framework (MLREF) for strategic planning and operations. The framework accounts for most of the risk factors such as ship specific risk, vessel traffic densities and met ocean conditions and allows the integration of the effect of risk control option and a location specific spatial rate ratio to allow for micro level risk assessments. Both, the macro (eg. covering larger geographic areas or EEZ) and micro level application (eg. passage way, particular route of interest) of MLREF was tested via a pilot study for the Australian region using a comprehensive and unique combination of dataset. The underlying routine towards the development of a strategic planning tool was developed and tested in R. Applications of the layers for the operational part such as an automated alert system and sources of uncertainties for risk assessments in general are described and discussed along with future developments and improvements. |
| Keywords: | Total risk exposure, binary logistic regression, spatial statistics, incident models, uncertainties, strategic planning, operational alerts, drift groundings, collisions, powered groundings, prediction routines |
| Date: | 2017–02–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ems:eureir:100160&r=tre |
| By: | ARNOLD, Florian; SÖRENSEN, Kenneth |
| Abstract: | Routing problems have been widely studied, yet, the interdependences between routing and inventory levels at the supplier are not well-explored. In reality, the optimal distribution of di?fferent goods from potentially multiple depots to customers depends on the inventory levels in the depots. Customers can only be served if su fficient inventory of the demanded product is available. In this paper, we present a model and a corresponding heuristic to capture inventory constraints in routing problems with multiple depots (MPMDVRPI). As the main contribution, we study the e?ect that di?fferent inventory levels have on the quality of the respective distribution routes. Depending on the number of depots and products, we observe cost increases of the routing between 4% and 30% if inventory levels are sparse. Furthermore, we ?find that a di?fferent allocation of inventory to depots can aff?ect the routing costs by up to 9%. |
| Keywords: | Multi-depot vehicle routing problem, Multi-product, Inventory management, Inventory allocation, Metaheuristics |
| Date: | 2017–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ant:wpaper:2017002&r=tre |
| By: | Chuantian He; Chunding Li; John Whalley |
| Abstract: | Transportation costs are an important topic in international trade, but seldom have researches paid attention to general equilibrium trade modelling with transportation costs and explored their relevant effects. This paper uses different numerical general equilibrium trade model structures to simulate the impacts of transportation costs on both welfare and trade for a Canada-US country pair case. We compare two groups of model structure, Armington assumption models and homogeneous goods models. Within these two groups of models, we also compare balanced trade structures to trade imbalance structures, and production function transportation costs to iceberg transportation costs. Armington goods models generate absolute welfare gains from transportation cost elimination than homogeneous goods models. Welfare gains under balanced trade structures are larger in production function transportation cost scenarios, but are larger in iceberg transportation cost scenario under trade imbalance structures. Canada’s welfare gains with iceberg transportation cost are significantly larger than gains with production function transportation cost. On trade effects, homogeneous goods models generate more export and import gains, balanced trade structures have more trade variations, and iceberg transportation cost generate more trade effects. |
| JEL: | F10 F47 O51 |
| Date: | 2017–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:23500&r=tre |
| By: | SYS, Christa; VAN DE VOORDE, Eddy; VANELSLANDER, Thierry; VAN HASSEL, Edwin |
| Date: | 2017–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ant:wpaper:2017004&r=tre |