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on Transport Economics |
| By: | Vigren , Andreas (VTI); Ljungberg , Anders (Transport Analysis) |
| Abstract: | Public transport services in Sweden are in 2016 worth over 40,000 million SEK annually, and the planning is carried out mostly by the Public Transport Authorities (PTA). Given the national goals for transport and infrastructure, economic efficiency is essential also in public transport operations. In 2003, Ljungberg (2007) sought to answer to which extent PTAs use Cost-Benefit Analyses (CBA), a methodology to assess economic efficiency, in their planning of operations and infrastructure. It was found that CBA is seldom used. This paper tries to answer the same question, but for the year 2016. The aim is, like Ljungberg (2007), to see to what extent PTAs are using CBA today, but also to investigate whether there have been any changes compared to the previous study. A survey was sent to all Swedish PTAs with questions regarding current, previous, and projected future use of CBA. Questions about knowledge of reference materials and why the organization use (or do not use) CBA was asked. The main results are that most PTAs are not using CBA as decision support. For those who does, the method is used mostly for investments in payment systems and major line or traffic changes. When comparing the usage of CBA across different investment categories, the only statistically significant change from the 2003-study is an increased usage when changing fare structure. The PTAs seem not regard a lack of economic resources a reason for not using CBA. Rather, lack of knowledge and more reliance on other types of decision support are the reasons. |
| Keywords: | Cost Benefit Analysis; Economic efficiency; Survey; CBA usage; Decision support |
| JEL: | C83 D61 L91 L98 |
| Date: | 2017–06–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:ctswps:2017_008&r=tre |
| By: | ITF |
| Abstract: | This report examines air pollution mitigation strategies in Mexico City. It identifies a series of measures that can strengthen current approaches to air pollution mitigation adopted in Mexico's capital as well as nationally. Recommendation include actions in policy areas such as emissions standards and testing, incentives for cleaner vehicles, fuel quality, inspection and maintenance, restrictions on vehicle use, parking regulation and speed limits, air quality plans, enhancement and promotion of sustainable transport modes as well as improving enforcement and public communication. The publication assembles the findings of a workshop organised by the ITF and the Development Bank for Latin America (CAF) together with the Ministry of Environment of Mexico City (SEDEMA) in January 2017. This report is part of the International Transport Forum’s Case-Specific Policy Analysis series. These are topical studies on specific issues carried out by the ITF in agreement with local institutions. |
| Date: | 2017–06–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:itfaac:30-en&r=tre |
| By: | ITF |
| Abstract: | In 2015, the Korean Government’s Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MOLIT) launched a feasibility study for increasing airport capacity in the Youngnam Region of Korea, the southeast quarter of the country. The Ministry appointed a consortium formed by the Korea Transportation Institute (KOTI) and ADPI (Aéroport de Paris Ingenierie, member of the Aéroports de Paris Group) to develop the methodology for deciding at which site airport expansion should take place. In the framework of that work, the Korean Government requested that a roundtable be organised by the International Transport Forum to review the methodology developed for site selection and the criteria employed with a view to ensuring that the exercise undertaken for the Korean Government reflects current international best practice. This report is a product of this roundtable, organised in Paris in February 2016. The review is based on examination of methodologies used for selecting airport expansion sites in four different ITF member countries: Australia, Japan, Portugal and the United Kingdom. This report is part of the International Transport Forum’s Case-Specific Policy Analysis series. These are topical studies on specific issues carried out by the ITF in agreement with local institutions. |
| Date: | 2017–06–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:itfaac:37-en&r=tre |
| By: | Yang, Yang (Anderson School of Management, University of California, Los Angeles) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the impact of highway expansion on aggregate productivity growth and sectoral reallocation between cities in China. To do so, I construct a unique dataset of bilateral transportation costs between Chinese cities, digitized highway network maps, and firm-level census. I first derive and estimate a market access measure for cities in China from 1995 to 2005. I then examine the channels through which the highway infrastructure affected economic outcomes. The results suggest that highways promoted aggregate productivity growth by facilitating the entry of new firms and reallocation among existing firms. I estimate the aggregate economic impact of China's national highway system and find that eliminating all highways in China would decrease aggregate productivity by 3.2%. There is also evidence that the national highway system led to a sectoral reallocation between cities in China. |
| Keywords: | Transport infrastructure, trade, highway, productivity, China |
| JEL: | F10 H54 O18 O40 R10 |
| Date: | 2017–05–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:xjt:rieiwp:2017-08&r=tre |