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on Transport Economics |
| By: | Mitra, Devashish (Department of Economics, Syracuse University); Pham, Cong S. (Department of Economics, Deakin University, Australia); Bandyopadhyay, Subhayu (Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis) |
| Abstract: | This paper presents a theoretical model (adapted from the structural gravity model by Anderson and van Wincoop, 2003) to capture the effects of terrorism on air passenger traffic between nations affected by terrorism. We then use equations derived from this model, in conjunction with alternative functional forms for trade costs, to estimate the effects of terrorism on bilateral air passenger flows from 57 source countries to 25 destination countries for the period of 2000 to 2014. We find that an additional terrorist incident results in approximately a 1.2% decrease in the bilateral air passenger transport per unit distance while doubling of the accumulated terrorist incidents during the past 5 years reduces it by 18%. Terrorism adversely impacts the bilateral air passenger transport per unit distance both by reducing national output and especially by increasing psychological distress, which could be an important contributing factor in perceived travel costs. Last but not the least, we show that the responsiveness of international air travel to terrorism critically depends on the nature of the terrorist attacks. Specifically, international air passenger transport is found to be extremely sensitive to fatal terrorist attacks and terrorist attacks of targets such as airports, transportation or tourists. |
| Keywords: | air passengers; airline industry; gravity equation; international trade; terrorism |
| JEL: | F1 F14 L93 |
| Date: | 2017–02–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fedlwp:2017-002&r=tre |
| By: | Jens Kandt; Philipp Rode; Christian Hoffmann; Andreas Graff; Duncan Smith |
| Abstract: | So-called ‘soft’ policy instruments that respond to the psychological aspects of travel are regularly acknowledged as necessary complements to ‘hard’ infrastructure investments to effectively promote sustainable travel in cities. While studies investigating subjective orientations among travellers have proliferated, open questions remain including the role of recent technological advances, the expansion of alternative mobility services, locally specific mobility cultures and residential selection. This paper presents the methods, results and policy implications of a comparative study aiming to understand mobility attitudes and behaviours in the wider metropolitan regions of Berlin and London. We specifically considered information and communication technology (ICT), new types of mobility services such as car sharing, electric cars and residential preferences. In each region, we identified six comparable segments with distinct attitudinal profiles, socio-demographic properties and behavioural patterns. Geocoding of the home address of respondents further revealed varying contextual opportunities and constraints that are likely to influence travel attitudes. We find that there is significant potential for uptake of sustainable travel practices in both metropolitan regions, if policy interventions are designed and targeted in accordance with group-specific needs and preferences and respond to local conditions of mobility culture. We identify such interventions for each segment and region and conclude that comparative assessment of attitudinal, alongside geographical, characteristics of metropolitan travellers can provide better strategic input for realistic scenario-building and ex-ante assessment of sustainable transport policy. |
| Keywords: | travel attitudes; travel behaviour; cluster analysis; comparative study; transport policy |
| JEL: | L91 L96 |
| Date: | 2015–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:63872&r=tre |
| By: | Neyestani, Behnam |
| Abstract: | The Urban Mobility Design is city's comprehensive resource on street design guidelines, policies, and processes. It aggregates a broad range of resources from nationally recognized engineering and design guidelines. It supplements rather than replaces existing engineering and environmental standards, requirements, or guidelines, such as the Manual on Traffic Control Devices and Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets. In a city with as many varied and complex conditions as Metro Manila, designs should be tailored to the particular needs and opportunities created by the local context, uses, and dimensions of streets. The purpose of this study is to find the problems of transportation and mobility, and likewise propose the appropriate solutions based on principles of sustainability in city's transportation. |
| Keywords: | Sustainable Transportation, Urban Mobility Design, Sustainability, Sustainable Mobility. |
| JEL: | Q01 Q56 |
| Date: | 2015–08–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:76571&r=tre |
| By: | JONES, Jonathan (Université catholique de Louvain, CORE, Belgium); PEETERS, Dominique (Université catholique de Louvain, CORE, Belgium); THOMAS, Isabelle (Université catholique de Louvain, CORE, Belgium) |
| Abstract: | The aim of this paper is to assess the reliability of policy evaluation based on Land Use and Transport Interactions models, relative to the choice of the Basic Spatial Units. An UrbanSim (+ MATsim) model applied to Brussels (Belgium) is used as the case study. The evolution of the study area over ten years is forecasted for four levels of Basic Spatial Units and five scenarios (business-as-usual and four alternatives). Results show larger variations between Basic Spatial Units levels than across scenarios. These findings are valid for various sustainability indicators and for a simple cost-benefit analysis aiming at ranking the scenarios. The direction of the variations resulting from the implementation of the scenarios remains, however, the same for all Basic Spatial Units levels. Hence, the influence of the scale on policy evaluation based on Land Use and Transport Interactions models appears limited when it is only intended to compare scenarios, but it will have a crucial role when evaluations are based on absolute variations or threshold values. |
| Keywords: | Brussels, LUTI models, MAUP, Policy evaluation |
| Date: | 2016–09–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cor:louvco:2016034&r=tre |
| By: | Richard Fowles; Peter Loeb; Chompoonuh Permpoonwiwat |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the determinants of motorcycle fatality rates using panel data and classical and Bayesian statistical methods. It focuses on five variables in particular: universal helmet laws, partial helmet laws, cell phone use, suicidal propensities, and beer consumption. Universal helmet laws are found to be favored over partial helmet laws to reduce motorcycle fatality rates while cell phone use is found to be a significant contributor to motorcycle fatalities as is alcohol consumption. Suicidal propensities are also shown to contribute to these accidents. |
| Keywords: | motorcycle fatalities, cell phones, helmet laws, alcohol consumption, suicide, Bayesian econometrics JEL Classification: I18, C11 |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uta:papers:2016_04&r=tre |
| By: | Vinci Chow |
| Abstract: | In Chinese societies where superstition is of paramount importance, vehicle license plates with desirable numbers can fetch for very high prices in auctions. Unlike auctions of other valuable items, however, license plates do not get an estimated price before auction. In this paper, I construct a deep recurrent neural network to predict the prices of vehicle license plates in Hong Kong based on the characters on a plate. Trained with 13-years of historical auction prices, the deep RNN outperforms previous models by significant margin. |
| Date: | 2017–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:1701.08711&r=tre |