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on Transport Economics |
| By: | Agbelie, Bismark R.D.K. (School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University); Chen, Yang (Division of Economics, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University); Salike, Nimesh (Division of Economics, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University) |
| Abstract: | The present paper examines the heterogeneous economic impacts of transportation characteristics, with a consideration of spatial heterogeneity, across Chinese prefecture-level cities. Using data from 237 Chines cities from 2000 to 2012, a random-parameters model was applied to account for the heterogeneity across these cities. The estimation results revealed significant variability across cities, with the computed impacts (elasticity values) of transportation-related features (highway and railway freight volumes, highway passenger volume, urbanization rate, public transit, paved roads, and highway congestion rate) varying significantly across cities. The impacts were mostly positive, except for highway congestion rate. A 1% increase in a city’s highway and railway freight volumes would increase the city’s gross product per capita from 0.0001% to 0.0972% and 0.0001% to 0.0254% across cities in China, respectively. While a 1% increase in highway congestion rate would decrease the city’s gross product per capita by an average of 0.031%. |
| Keywords: | Chinese cities, economic growth, heterogeneity, highway, railway, freight, random-parameters model |
| Date: | 2015–08–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:xjt:rieiwp:2015-02&r=tre |
| By: | Taylor, Brian; Osman, Taner; Thomas, Trevor; Mondschein, Andrew |
| Abstract: | The San Francisco Bay Area regularly experiences some of the most severe traffic congestion in the U.S. This past year both Inrix and the Texas Transportation Institute (TTI) ranked the Bay Area third only to Washington D.C. and Los Angeles in the time drivers spend stuck in traffic. The TTI estimated that traffic congestion cost the Bay Area economy a staggering $3.1 billion in 2014 (Lomax et al., 2015). Such estimates are based on the premise that moving more slowly than free-flow speeds wastes time and fuel, and that these time and fuel costs multiplied over millions of travelers in large urban areas add up to billions of dollars in congestion costs. But while few among us like driving in heavy traffic, do such measures really capture how congestion and the conditions that give rise to it affect regional economies? This study explores this question for the San Francisco Bay Area by examining how traffic congestion is (i) related to a broader and more conceptually powerful concept of access and (ii) how it affects key industries, which are critical to the performance of the region’s economy. |
| Keywords: | Engineering, San Francisco Bay Area, Traffic Congestion, Economic performance |
| Date: | 2016–05–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsrrp:qt9qf2481r&r=tre |
| By: | Annika Pape (Leuphana University of Lueneburg); Thomas Wein (Leuphana University of Lueneburg) |
| Abstract: | The increasing number of Smartphone-Apps and web-based tools, e.g. route planners, improve the transparency of taxi rides with regard to prices and routing. Trips can be planned easily and the payment is safe and uncomplicated. These innovations are very important in the recent discussion about the necessity of regulatory intervention in the taxi market. This is mainly because technical innovations reduce asymmetric distributed information between market participants. However, asymmetric information is not the only source of market failure that requires the state to interfere in market activity. The provision of taxis yields an externality that might legitimate market interference. In order to understand the mechanisms and theoretical arguments, the paper refers to a model by Cairns und Liston-Heyes (1994) as well as Frankena (1984) to generate empirically testable hypotheses. Importantly, the empirical part of the paper tests whether the regulator takes the costs structures into account and, therefore, acts for the purpose of either public or private interests. We analyze price differences in 393 tariff regulations with respect to several variables such as urban or rural area, western or eastern Germany, the existence of an airport or a fair, the validity of the tariff regulation as well as the density of population. The results suggest that the regulator for the most of the considered variables takes the cost structures in the taxi market into account. Nonetheless, the population variable seems questionable. The reasons for the puzzling results might refer to different perceptions with regard to waiting time in sparsely populated areas. In sum, the results implicate that technical inventions related to the taxi market do no longer justify an obligatory knowledge test of streets and important places (Ortskundeprüfung). These reforms are likely to revolutionize the mobility market in large cities because the taxies are going to be superseded by livery vehicles (Mietwagen). In order to save the taxi sector from ruin, a regulation of both the taxi and the livery vehicle market seems to be an alternative. |
| Date: | 2014–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lue:wpaper:317&r=tre |
| By: | Viktor Pirmana (Department of Economics, Padjadjaran University); Armida Alisjahbana (Department of Economics, Padjadjaran University); Irlan Adiyatma Rum (Department of Economics, Padjadjaran University) |
| Abstract: | It is well established that infrastructure investment plays significant role in the acceleration of development through its impact on growth, sector performance and socio-economic indicators. West Java Province is province with the largest population in Indonesia and main contributor to national GDP. In this study, the impact of increased national infrastructure investment in West Java Province is assessed using 2014 data. JaBarTERM5 CGE model is used to simulate two infrastructure investment scenarios, the moderate scenario or increase in government national infrastructure investment only, and the progressive scenario that combines government national infrastructure investment with private investment. The results indicate that under the moderate scenario, West Java GRDP increased by 1.91% (1.91 percentage point compared to baseline, while in the progressive scenario (national plus private infrastructure investment), GRDP increased by up to 3.58% (3.58 percentage point compared to baseline). However, there are differential responses at district level. Districts that experience the highest increase in GRDP are districts close to industrial areas in the vicinity of Jakarta and Bandung. When viewed from its impact on provincial employment, it increases by 2.27% (2.27 percentage point compared to the baseline case) under the progressive scenario. The employment impact is particularly more pronounced in districts that are industrial areas. Sectors that experience increase in their production are Cements, Papers, Textiles, Food Crops, and Transportation Services. Another result is an increase in the prices of Real Estate, and Business and Financial Services, while the price (cost) of trade and transport sector has decreased due to an increase in the access and quality of infrastructure. |
| Keywords: | National Infrastructure Investment, TERM CGE model, West Java Province |
| JEL: | H54 H72 |
| Date: | 2016–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unp:sdgspp:201618&r=tre |
| By: | Dietrich, Antje-Mareike |
| Abstract: | Many governments promote green technological innovation within the automobile sector as a means of combating climate change. Most of these innovations are driven by alternative fuels. Buyer's premiums and governmental investment in service infrastructure are widely used. This paper investigates the question regarding whether market intervention is adequate by considering the two-sided market character of the automobile market. This study shows that network effects, competition effects triggered by more automobile users and decreasing marginal utilities of further service stations determine the welfare-efficient extent of governmental intervention. The results of the analysis indicate that governmental promotion of service infrastructure is reasonable, although governments should be cautious about buyer's premiums. |
| Keywords: | network effects,two-sided markets,platform intermediation,alternative fuel vehicles,climate change,regulation |
| JEL: | L15 L92 L98 O33 Q55 Q58 |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:tbswps:16&r=tre |
| By: | Wachs, Martin; Garrett, Mark; Brown, Anne |
| Abstract: | This project documents and analyzes the recent change in California transportation revenue collection programs that end discontinued the state sales tax on motor fuels and increased the state per gallon excise taxes on motor fuels. |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Motor fuel tax, sales taxes, transportation revenue, California |
| Date: | 2016–05–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsrrp:qt7877815v&r=tre |
| By: | Stiglic, M.; Agatz, N.A.H.; Savelsbergh, M.W.P.; Gradisar, M. |
| Abstract: | Seamless integration of ride-sharing and public transit may offer fast, reliable, and affordable transfer to and from transit stations in suburban areas thereby enhancing mobility of residents. We investigate the potential benefits of such a system, as well as the ride-matching technology required to support it, by means of an extensive computational study. |
| Keywords: | ride-sharing, public transit, mobility, sustainable transportation |
| Date: | 2016–07–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ems:eureri:93121&r=tre |
| By: | Nilo Luiz Saccaro Junior |
| Abstract: | Além de apresentar vantagens para empregadores e trabalhadores, o teletrabalho pode mostrar-se um fator de redução do número de viagens, o que contribuiria para a melhoria de muitas variáveis do tráfego urbano. Sob essa ótica, este estudo discute os efeitos urbanos do teletrabalho e apresenta uma estimativa para a redução do número de viagens decorrente de sua implementação pelo setor público no Brasil, além da estimativa de emissões de gás carbônico (CO2) evitadas por essa redução de viagens. Os resultados mostram que cada 10% do total de servidores brasileiros que passam para o teletrabalho representa redução de até 0,5% no número de viagens anuais realizadas em todo o país. A redução de emissões de gás cabônico decorrente dessas viagens evitadas seria cerca de 0,6% do total nacional emitido por automóveis e motos. Dessa forma, o incentivo ao teletrabalho pode ser interessante em políticas de gerenciamento de tráfego urbano no Brasil. In addition to advantages for companies and workers, teleworking could prove a factor on reducing the number of trips, which would contribute to the improvement of many variables of urban traffic. From this perspective, this paper presents an estimation for reducing the number of trips due to the implementation of telework in the Brazilian public sector, as well as estimation of carbon dioxide emissions avoided by this trip reduction. According to them, every 10% of Brazilian government employees that adopt teleworking can result in reduction of up to 0.5% in the annual number of trips made nationwide. The decrease in carbon dioxide emissions resulting from these avoided trips would be about 0.6% of the national total emitted by cars and motorbikes. Thus, encouraging telecommuting may be interesting to urban traffic management policies in Brazil. |
| Date: | 2016–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipe:ipetds:2207&r=tre |