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on Transport Economics |
| By: | van Riessen, B.; Negenborn, R.R.; Dekker, R. |
| Abstract: | Hinterland networks for container transportation require planning methods in order to increase efficiency and reliability of the inland road, rail and waterway connections. In this paper we aim to derive real-time decision rules for suitable allocations of containers to inland services by analysing the solution structure of a centralised optimisation method used offline on historic data. The decision tree can be used in a decision support system (DSS) for instantaneously allocating incoming orders to suitable services, without the need for continuous planning updates. Such a DSS is beneficial, as it is easy to implement in the current practice of container transportation. Earlier proposed centralised methods can find the optimal solution for the intermodal inland transportation problem in retrospect, but are not suitable when information becomes gradually available. The main contributions are threefold: firstly, a structured method for creating decision trees from optimal solutions is proposed. Secondly, an innovative method is used for obtaining multiple equivalent optimal solutions to prevent overfitting of the decision tree. And finally, a structured analysis of three error types is presented for assessing the quality of an obtained tree. A case study illustrates the method’s purpose by comparing the quality of the resulting plan with alternative methods. |
| Keywords: | Intermodal planning, synchromodal planning, container transportation, decision support, decision trees |
| Date: | 2016–03–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ems:eureir:79973&r=tre |
| By: | Isabelle Laplace (ENAC - Ecole Nationale de l'Aviation Civile - ENAC); Chantal Latgé-Roucolle (LEEA - ENAC - Laboratoire d'Economie et d'Econométrie de l'Aérien - PRES Université de Toulouse - Ecole Nationale de l'Aviation Civile); Ion Buzdugan (UT1 - Université Toulouse 1 Capitole) |
| Abstract: | The objective of this empirical paper is to analyze the impact of an innovation in air transport system on airlines competitive behavior. We consider as innovation, the use of an aircraft with a significant higher capacity: the Airbus 380. Does the use of the A380 by an airline on a particular route give incentives to competitors to introduce as well this type on aircraft on the same route? To answer this question we use some econometric methods to estimate the impact of the introduction of the A380 by an airline, on the probability that airline’s competitors will follow up the innovation. Controlling for others factors which might impact the choice of innovation, we show that the use of the A380 by an airline on a route gives incentives to competitors to introduce it as well |
| Keywords: | Air transport,aircraft innovation,aircraft size,airlines,competitive strategies |
| Date: | 2016–04–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01301020&r=tre |
| By: | West , Jens (KTH/Sweco); Börjesson , Maria (KTH); Engelson , Leonid (KTH) |
| Abstract: | This paper performs an ex-post evaluation of the transport model forecast of the effects of the Gothenburg congestion charges, implemented in 2013. We find that the predicted traffic reductions across the cordon and travel time gains were close to those observed in the peak. However, the reduction in traffic across the cordon was under-predicted in off-peak. The design of the charging system implies that the path disutility cannot be computed as a sum of link attributes. The route choice model is therefore implemented as a hierarchical algorithm, including a continuous value of travel time (VTT) distribution. The VTT distribution was estimated from stated choice (SC) data, but had to be adjusted to be consistent with observed outcome. One reason for the discrepancy may be that VTT inferred from SC data does not reveal travellers’ long-term preferences. Another reason may be that apart from distance, travel time and charge there are other factors that determine drivers’ route choice. |
| Keywords: | Congestion charges; Transport model; Validation; Value of time; Volume delay function; Decision support |
| JEL: | R41 R42 R48 |
| Date: | 2016–03–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:ctswps:2016_009&r=tre |
| By: | Yatang Lin; Yu Qin; Zhuan Xie |
| Abstract: | How does the transfer of advanced technology spur innovation in developing countries? This paper exploits the large-scale introduction of high-speed railway (HSR) technology into China in 2004 as a natural experiment to address this question. The experiment is unique in the sense that this wave of technology transfer is large, abrupt and arguably exogenous in timing, covering a variety of technology classes and a large number of geographically-dispersed railway-related firms. With detailed information on the types of technology transferred and the identities of the receiving firms, as well as their product market specializations, we are able to depict a clear picture of how foreign technology is digested and spurs follow up innovation in and out of directly receiving firms. Our findings suggest that technology transfer leads to significant growth in HSR-related patents in cities with direct receivers of imported technology after 2004 in a triple-difference estimation. We also observe sizable spill overs to firms that are not directly related to the railway industry. Technology similarity plays an important role in technology diffusion, but we do not observe any significant impacts of geographic proximity. Previous university research strength in relevant fields is also conducive to stronger technology spill overs. |
| Keywords: | Innovation; foreign technology transfer; knowledge spill over; China |
| JEL: | J1 |
| Date: | 2015–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:66057&r=tre |
| By: | Bitros, George C. |
| Abstract: | This paper derives a model of irregular or unplanned maintenance and repair outlays from an analytical framework based on rational economic behavior in which maintenance, utilization and service life decisions are appropriately integrated and estimates it with the help of data from 433 automobiles imported into Greece from various countries. On the theoretical plain it is shown that the model allows endogenously for most of the variables that have been identified in the relevant literature as important determinants of such expenditures. Also the model yields sharp sign predictions for the included variables and by doing so it sheds considerable light on several issues of theory and applied research in this area. On the empirical plain it is found that: a) there are two behavioral clusters of automobile owners, i.e. one that recommends pooling of the corresponding country data and another that suggests separate estimation of the model at the country level; b) as expected, the reported amounts of these outlays are related positively to the automobile’s age, intensity of utilization, and road accidents, and c) even though the expenditures under consideration for Japanese made cars appear to be relatively more sensitive to road accidents than those of automobiles from all other countries, at least in the years of the sample and on this basis, they offered the best value for the money. |
| Keywords: | maintenance and repair expenditures, utilization, service life, road accidents |
| JEL: | D12 E2 E22 |
| Date: | 2016–04–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:70820&r=tre |