|
on Transport Economics |
| By: | Raghuram, G. |
| Abstract: | The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the trucking sector. It describes the significance of road transport and the structure of the trucking industry. It also explores the causes and consequences of the structure. The paper brings out the significance of road transport by examining the modal share and GDP share, and profiling the type of roads and vehicles. The paper highlights the structure of the trucking industry comprising its core actors, the providers of the tangible elements, support services, and government and regulatory bodies. The causes of this structure, especially the core actors, are discussed with the help of the phenomenon of ‘Unholy Equilibrium’. The consequences are seen in the fragmented ownership pattern and poor service quality. The paper concludes by bringing out the priorities of any transport system through a ‘five S’ framework. The trucking sector should be driven by speed with sustainability, safety, security, and stresslessness. |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iim:iimawp:13783&r=tre |
| By: | Ismir Mulalic (Technical University Denmark, Denmark); Ninette Pilegaard (Technical University Denmark, Denmark); Jan Rouwendal (VU University Amsterdam, the Netherlands) |
| Abstract: | Car ownership is lower in urban areas, which is probably related to the availability of better public transport. Better public transport thus may offer the possibility to relieve the many problems (congestion, health, and parking) associated with the presence of cars in urban areas. To investigate this issue, we develop and estimate a model for the simultaneous choice of a residential area and car ownership. The model is estimated on Danish register data for single-earner and dual-earners households in the greater Copenhagen metropolitan area. We pay special attention to accessibility of the metro network which offers particularly high quality public transport. Simulations based on the estimated model show that for the greater Copenhagen area a planned extension of the metro network decreases car ownership by 2-3%. Our results suggest also a substantial increase in t he interest for living in areas close to the metro network, that affects the demographic composition of neighbourhoods. |
| Keywords: | car ownership; public transport; residential sorting |
| JEL: | R4 R1 D1 |
| Date: | 2015–12–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tin:wpaper:20150139&r=tre |
| By: | Sambracos, Evangelos; Ramfou, Irene |
| Abstract: | It is common practice in Benefit - Cost analysis to consider freight transport time savings (FTTS) as a benefit for both transport producing and consuming companies. While transportation projects and policies resulting in FTTS are expected to have a positive effect on carriers’ performance reducing time related transport costs and improving service, this is not always the case for the demand side of the transport market. Using System Dynamics in order to model the internal supply chain of a transport using company and simulate several scenarios, we argue that FTTS do not necessarily translate to benefit for shippers, but their effect depends strongly on the structure of the company’s decision making process. |
| Keywords: | Freight transport time, benefit – cost analysis, Systems Dynamics |
| JEL: | P23 P27 R42 |
| Date: | 2015–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:68558&r=tre |
| By: | KIKOMBA KAHUNGU, Michaël; OKITONYUMBE Y.F, Joseph; MABELA MAKENGO MATENDO, Rostin; NKUSU NDONGALA, Alexandre; M. NGOIE, Ruffin-Benoît; MAKENGO MBAMBALU, Fréderic |
| Abstract: | Air controllers encounter aeronautical problems everyday. Those problems complexity is growing as the latter problems emerge in aerial navigations sectors at the time of the air traffic assignment. As a long time as the number of aircraft in a sector is high, the controller-related load will increase in a nonlinear way. Currently, one counts, on the congolese territory, and especially in the vicinity of areas with wars, many planes movements. This would represent in a near future a difficult bulk of control for controllers. In order to avoid saturation in sectors, the congolese airspace must be divided in increasingly small sectors while distributing the workloads. To clarify the analysis, one is interested in the multicriteria optimization which deals with the case of the simultaneous presence of several objectives by the preferential reference of dominance method proposed by Joseph Okitonyumbe and Berthold Ulungu (2014). The latter method is based on a new characterization of the efficient solutions by building the probable assignments in order to minimize the load of control in the sector. |
| Keywords: | Preferential reference of dominance method, Simultaneous Optimization, Assignment Multi-objective Problem, Sectorization. |
| JEL: | C00 C02 C60 C61 C65 |
| Date: | 2015–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:68562&r=tre |
| By: | Takauchi, Kazuhiro |
| Abstract: | This study examines the effects of higher transport efficiency on cost-reducing R&D investment and welfare in a two-way duopoly trade model with an imperfectly competitive transport sector. We show that, corresponding to the degree of the R&D spillover, higher transport efficiency can affect investment in a U-shaped fashion. We also show that higher transport efficiency can reduce total output and consumer surplus. By comparing the two cases of firm-specific carriers and duopoly carriers, we demonstrate that total output in the case of duopoly carriers is lower than that in the case of firm-specific carriers if the spillover is sufficiently large. Higher transport efficiency and competition in the transport sector may harm consumers. |
| Keywords: | Transport efficiency; Imperfectly competitive transport sector; Cost-reducing R&D; R&D spillover |
| JEL: | F12 L13 |
| Date: | 2015–12–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:68479&r=tre |
| By: | Rachaniotis, Nikolaos (Democritus University of Thrace, Department of Economics); Masvoula, Marisa (General Secretariat of Information Systems) |
| Abstract: | Fleets of fuel supply vessels are used to provide ships anchored in ports different oil products. Demand is satisfied based on a pull system, where oil shipments are triggered by orders placed by customers and delivered on a specific agreed day. The aim of this paper is to develop a time-effective Decision Support System (DSS) in order to aid the fleet schedulers to decide in a very short time (usually less than 10 minutes in the ships’ fuel supply business) if they will accept new orders, based on the fleet’s capacity and availability, and generate a feasible sub-optimal operation schedule. The DSS was tested in a small Hellenic oil company and the empirical evaluation is presented. |
| Keywords: | Decision support system; OR in maritime industry; transportation; scheduling; heuristics |
| JEL: | R40 |
| Date: | 2015–12–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:duthrp:2015_003&r=tre |
| By: | Békés, Gábor; Fontagné, Lionel; Muraközy, Balázs; Vicard, Vincent |
| Abstract: | This paper studies how exporting firms optimize their inventory management in order to adapt to the uncertainty stemming from demand volatility. We motivate our analysis with a stochastic inventory management framework. We use monthly micro data on French exporters and find that greater uncertainty is associated with lower sales volume. We decompose this effect to its two margins, the number of shipments and average shipment size to find that the number of shipments decreases more quickly as uncertainty increases which is in line with firms adjusting their inventory policy as well as their exported volume as a result of increased uncertainty. Also, uncertainty was found to matter more at distant markets where the uncertainty between firm actions and the arrival of the products is the largest. |
| Keywords: | firms; frequency of trade; gravity; inventory model; transport costs |
| JEL: | D40 F14 R41 |
| Date: | 2015–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:11013&r=tre |