|
on Transport Economics |
| By: | Riccardo Crescenzi; Marco Di Cataldo; Andrés Rodríguez-Pose |
| Abstract: | Transport infrastructure investment is a cornerstone of growth-promoting strategies. However, in the case of Europe the relevant literature is increasingly failing to find a clear link between infrastructure investment and economic performance. This may be a consequence of overlooking the role of government institutions. This paper assesses the connection between regional quality of government and the returns of different types of road infrastructure in EU regions during the period between 1995 and 2009. The results unveil a strong influence of regional quality of government on the economic returns of transport infrastructure. In weak institutional contexts, investments in motorways – the preferred option by local governments – yield significantly lower returns than the more humble but possibly more efficient secondary road. Government institutions also affect the returns of transport maintenance investment. |
| Keywords: | Transport infrastructure, Public capital investment, Economic growth, Institutions, Government quality, Regions, Europe |
| JEL: | R11 R40 R58 |
| Date: | 2015–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:egu:wpaper:1535&r=tre |
| By: | Zoi Christoforou (LVMT - Laboratoire Ville, Mobilité, Transport - IFSTTAR - Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux - UPEM - Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée - École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC) - PRES Université Paris-Est); Etienne Corbille (ENPC - Ecole des Ponts ParisTech - École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)); Nadir Farhi (IFSTTAR/COSYS/GRETTIA - Génie des Réseaux de Transport Terrestres et Informatique Avancée - IFSTTAR - Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux - PRES Université Paris-Est); Fabien Leurent (LVMT - Laboratoire Ville, Mobilité, Transport - IFSTTAR - Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux - UPEM - Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée - École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC) - PRES Université Paris-Est) |
| Abstract: | Unplanned disruptions of rail transit networks have been extensively studied. Planned disruptions for works are essentially different mainly due to their longer duration that allows passengers to build alternative route choice strategies. The literature on this topic remains scarce. We propose a novel methodology that enables operators to evaluate different disruption management schemes and to obtain explicit estimations of travel times, passenger comfort flows, and levels of service. Statistical tools are used for the evaluation of the different strategies. We illustrate the methodology through a large-scale application to a real line disruption in Paris, France. The disruption took place in July 2015 and was due to network maintenance works. It affected the major suburban railway line RER-A which counts over 1,000,000 trips on a typical working day. Results indicate that the disruption would have significantly increased the generalized cost (GC) of passengers if no action was taken. The operator's disruption management scheme included bus bridging and frequency increase on alternative routes. The evaluation of this plan shows that it restored the average GC over the whole network. Passengers initially using the disrupted line experienced increased GC by using alternative longer routes. Passengers initially using those alternative routes experienced lower GC thanks to the frequency increase. Finally, capacity problems are observed on the buses assuring the bridge of the disrupted link. |
| Keywords: | PLANNED DISRUPTION,TRANSPORT EN COMMUN,REGULATION DU TRAFIC,ADMINISTRATION (GESTION),PLANIFICATION |
| Date: | 2016–01–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01240155&r=tre |
| By: | Luke Haywood; Martin Koning; Guillaume Monchambert |
| Abstract: | Crowding on public transport (PT) is a major issue for commuters around the world. Nevertheless, economists have rarely investigated the causes of crowding discomfort. Furthermore, most evidence on the costs of PT crowding is based on contingent valuation studies. First, this paper assesses discomfort with PT crowding over different density levels, trip durations and across different individuals using a different methodology. Based on a survey of 1,000 Paris PT users, the negative, linear relationship of in-vehicle density on reported travel satisfaction is remarkably similar to previous studies investigating PT crowding costs and stable across most individual characteristics. Contrary to the identifying assumption of most contingent valuation studies, we find little increase in crowding costs over travel time, in line with an additive specification of the generalized PT cost function. Second, we investigate the causes of this discomfort effect. We identify three key drivers: (a) dissatisfaction with standing and not being seated; (b) less opportunities to make use of the time during the journey; (c) the physical closeness of other travellers per se. |
| Keywords: | Public transport, crowding, stated satisfaction, travel cost, survey data |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:diw:diwwpp:dp1535&r=tre |
| By: | Yahya F. Anouti (Division of Economics and Business, Colorado School of Mines); Carol A. Dahl (Division of Economics and Business, Colorado School of Mines) |
| Keywords: | transport policy, energy demand, subsidy, externalities, gasoline, diesel |
| Date: | 2015–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mns:pbrief:wp2014-01&r=tre |
| By: | Ferrir, Richard |
| Abstract: | The most significant value added by Euro 2012 is undoubtedly the infrastructural changes. The event became a catalyst for the execution of more than two hundred projects for an amount of ca. PLN 100 billion. This paper focuses on the key projects, including above all the road construction projects, as well as those connected to road and rail infrastructure. Considering such significant outlays, the funding the preparation, particularly in a division into private and public sources, becomes an especially important issue. It is the predominant commitment of public funds that creates the need to justify their allocation, chiefly in the case of the sports venues, usually utilised by private sports clubs after the end of the event. Euro 2012 has been compared in this respect with other events of this rank, staged in Europe since the beginning of the 21st century. |
| Keywords: | Euro 2012, mega sporting event |
| JEL: | G14 |
| Date: | 2015–12–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:68207&r=tre |
| By: | Yatang Lin; Yu Qin; Zhuan Zie |
| Abstract: | How does the transfer of advanced technology spur innovation in developing countries? This paper exploits the large-scale introduction of high-speed railway (HSR) technology into China in 2004 as a natural experiment to address this question. The experiment is unique in the sense that this wave of technology transfer is large, abrupt and arguably exogenous in timing, covering a variety of technology classes and a large number of geographically-dispersed railway-related firms. With detailed information on the types of technology transferred and the identities of the receiving firms, as well as their product market specializations, we are able to depict a clear picture of how foreign technology is digested and spurs follow-up innovation in and out of directly receiving firms. Our findings suggest that technology transfer leads to significant growth in HSR-related patents in cities with direct receivers of imported technology after 2004 in a triple-difference estimation. We also observe sizable spillovers to firms that are not directly related to the railway industry. Technology similarity plays an important role in technology diffusion, but we do not observe any significant impacts of geographic proximity. Previous university research strength in relevant fields is also conducive to stronger technology spillovers. |
| Keywords: | innovation, foreign technology transfer, knowledge spillover, China |
| JEL: | O25 O33 O38 |
| Date: | 2015–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepdps:dp1393&r=tre |