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on Transport Economics |
| By: | Chao Chen (School of Computer Science, Chongqing University); Shenle Pan (CGS - Centre de Gestion Scientifique - MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris) |
| Abstract: | Crowdsourcing is garnering increased attention in freight transport area, mainly applied in internet-based services to city logistics. However, scientific research, especially methodology for application is still rare in the literature. This paper aims to fill this gap and to propose a methodological approach of applying crowdsourcing solution to Last Mile Delivery in E-commerce environment. The proposed solution is based on taxi fleet in city and a transport network composed by road network and customer self-pickup facilities that are 24 hours shops in city, named as TaxiCrowdShipping system. The system relies on a two-phase decision model, first offline taxi trajectory mining and second online package routing and taxi scheduling. Being the first stage of our study, this paper introduces the framework of the system and the decision model development. Some expected results and research perspectives are also discussed. 1 Introduction In E-commerce environment, Last Mile Delivery (hereafter LMD) is the problem of transport planning for delivering goods from e-retailers' hub to the final destination in the area, for example the end consumers' home, see [1] and [2]. Speed and cost are the two crucial success factors to LMD. Faster shipping while with lower cost is the major challenge; nevertheless, it is also a paradox to a certain extend. Indeed, when customers are given a choice between fast and cheap delivery, most of them choose the cheap one, observed by a recent report [3]. The report also infers that that low-cost, speedy two-day delivery corresponds to most customers' expectation, opposite to the one-day delivery policy pursued by giant e-retailers such as Amazon and Alibaba etc. This fact may open up new opportunities to innovative freight transport models [4] for LMD aiming at reducing delivery cost while respecting shipping time, |
| Keywords: | Last Mile Delivery,Crowdsourcing,Taxi Trajectory Data Mining,Freight Transport,City Logistics |
| Date: | 2015–11–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01226813&r=tre |
| By: | Sofia F. Franco |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the effects of changes in downtown parking supply on urban welfare, modal choice decisions and urban spatial structure using a spatial general equilibrium model of a closed monocentric city with two transport modes, endogenous residential parking and a form of bottleneck congestion at the CBD. Our analysis shows that parking reforms at the CBD that increase delay congestion costs in the short-run such as parking supply limits can be welfare improving if other commuting externalities such as air pollution can be reduced. In addition, because parking limits can also change location decisions such as where to live and invest they may complement anti-sprawl policies efforts by leading to a more compact urban spatial structure in the long run. We also show that changes in downtown parking supply can have different spatial impacts on the market supply of residential parking by affecting urban residents’ location decisions. Finally, we discuss the role of parking pricing as a complementary tool of congestion pricing to combat congestion in central areas and investigate whether the self-financing theorem of transportation economics holds within the context of our spatial urban model. JEL codes: |
| Keywords: | Downtown Parking, Bottleneck Congestion, Urban Form, Modal Choice |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unl:unlfep:wp598&r=tre |
| By: | Tamer Cetin (Yildiz Technical University); Kadir Y. Eryigit (Uludag University) |
| Abstract: | This paper mainly studies the effect of deregulation on prices and quantity. For this aim, we employ cointegration methodology with structural breaks to empirically investigate the simultaneous relationship between deregulation, ticket prices, and the number of passengers in the Turkish airline industry. The findings confirm that deregulation increases quantity and decreases prices through accessibility to air transport service and actual competition, respectively. Also, structural breaks suggest that deregulation of prices and entry into the market has remarkable effect on the change in ticket prices and the number of passengers. |
| Keywords: | Deregulation, Airlines, Cointegration, Structural Breaks. |
| JEL: | L43 L93 C22 |
| Date: | 2015–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:koc:wpaper:1525&r=tre |
| By: | María L. Loureiro (Department of Foundations of Economic Analysis, University of Santiago de Compostela); Xavier Labandeira (Rede (Universidade de Vigo) and Economics for Energy); Michael Hanemann (Arizona State University and University of California at Berkeley) |
| Abstract: | Transport is essential for the control of future greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and thus a target for active policy intervention in the future. Yet, social preferences for policies are likely to play an important role. In this paper we first review the existing literature on preferences regarding low- GHG car fuels, but also covering policy instruments and strategies in this area. We then present the results of a survey of Spanish households aimed at measuring preferences for climate change policies. We find a positive WTP (in the form of higher car fuel prices) for a policy to reduce GHG emissions through biofuels. There is, however, significant heterogeneity in public preferences due to personal motivations (accounted for via factor analysis of responses to attitudinal questions) and to socio-demographicvariables. |
| Keywords: | biofuels, WTP, contingent valuation |
| JEL: | Q54 Q58 R48 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:efe:wpaper:01-2013&r=tre |
| By: | Tomas Hellebrandt (Peterson Institute for International Economics); Paolo Mauro (Peterson Institute for International Economics) |
| Abstract: | In the next two decades, hundreds of millions of people in emerging economies are projected to reach income levels at which they will be able to afford cars and air travel. As purchasing power increases worldwide, people will spend proportionately less on food and beverages and more on transportation. Higher spending on transportation, especially in China, India, and Sub-Saharan Africa, will increase pressures on the infrastructure in these economies and aggravate global climate change. Governments will need to respond to these challenges in a fiscally sustainable and environmentally responsible way. |
| Date: | 2015–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iie:pbrief:pb15-21&r=tre |
| By: | Carole Treibich (Aix-Marseille University (Aix-Marseille School of Economics), CNRS, & EHESS) |
| Abstract: | Road mortality is a growing burden in many developing countries, although many of these crashes are preventable. Behaviors adopted by road users while traveling is one key dimension on which governments usually play to reduce road accidents, either by stressing the potential injuries or by implementing fines if individuals do not adopt safe behaviors. This paper exploits original data collected among Delhi motorcyclists in 2011. I study the influence of perceived consequences of helmet non-use on the decision whether to wear or not such protective device. I also explore the role of previous experiences in the formation of these beliefs. I find that expected injuries are correlated with helmet use on long distance trips while expectations of financial sanctions are linked with helmet adoption on short distance journeys. Women react more than men to a given level of expected medical expenditures. Furthermore, poorer individuals are more likely to use a helmet for given levels of health costs and traffic fines. Simulations of policies influencing individuals' subjective expectations show that an intensification of police threat and information campaigns would increase helmet adoption among motorcyclists. |
| Keywords: | subjective expectations, road safety, risky behaviors, India |
| JEL: | C81 D84 I15 K42 R41 |
| Date: | 2015–11–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aim:wpaimx:1546&r=tre |
| By: | Adèle Martin-Gruen (DRM - Dauphine Recherches en Management - CNRS - Université Paris IX - Paris Dauphine); Denis Darpy (DRM - Dauphine Recherches en Management - CNRS - Université Paris IX - Paris Dauphine) |
| Abstract: | This article looks at consumers’ appropriation of cars in a carsharing system. Underpinned by research on design and design knowledge, our paper illustrates how specific design elements contributed to the appropriation of shared vehicles through controlling, knowing and creating the product and the service. |
| Keywords: | Design, Sharing, Appropriation |
| Date: | 2015–10–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01226746&r=tre |
| By: | Chen Song (Department of Economics/Institute for International Economic Policy, George Washington University); Chao Wei (Department of Economics/Institute for International Economic Policy, George Washington University) |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we use five decades of time use surveys, including the annual American Time Use Survey between 2003 and 2013, to document travel time uses in the aggregate and across demographic groups. We find that total travel time features an inverted-U shape over time, registering a 20 percent increase from 1975 to 1993, but an 18 percent decline from 1993 to 2013. We find that demographic shifts explain around 45 percent of the increase in total travel time from 1975 to 1993. Increases in educational attainment alone contribute to around 28 percent of the increase. Demographic shifts play a much smaller role in the evolution of total travel time afterwards. From 2003 to 2013 the shift of time allocation from travel-intensive non-market work to travel-non-intensive leisure accounts for around 50 percent of the decline in total travel time. |
| Keywords: | Travel time use; Time use survey; Market work; Non-market work; Leisure |
| JEL: | J22 R41 D13 |
| Date: | 2015–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gwi:wpaper:2015-19&r=tre |
| By: | Ferdinando Monte; Stephen J. Redding; Esteban Rossi-Hansberg |
| Abstract: | Many changes in the economic environment are local, including policy changes and infrastructure investments. The effect of these changes depends crucially on the ability of factors to move in response. Therefore a key object of interest for policy evaluation and design is the elasticity of local employment to these changes in the economic environment. We develop a quantitative general equilibrium model that incorporates spatial linkages between locations in goods markets (trade) and factor markets (commuting and migration). We find substantial heterogeneity across locations in local employment elasticities. We show that this heterogeneity can be well explained with theoretically motivated measures of commuting flows. Without taking into account this dependence, estimates of the local employment elasticity for one location are not generalizable to other locations. We also find that commuting flows and their importance cannot be accounted for with standard measures of size or wages at the county or commuting zone levels. |
| Keywords: | Commuting, migration and local employment elasticities |
| JEL: | F16 J6 J61 R0 |
| Date: | 2015–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepdps:dp1385&r=tre |