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on Transport Economics |
| By: | Helena Mitwallyova (University of Economics) |
| Abstract: | The article focuses on the influences that a railway infrastructure has on the life of a given country. The role of railway transportation is viewed especially from the point of employment, quality of railway infrastructure and using a railways by passengers. It is comparing the length of the railway network to the numbers of railway employees which contains employees in the railway sector including the service related to transport operation, transport management, operability and modernization. It is also used an indicator which suitably adds the conversion of railway employees per train-kilometres (tkm), passenger-kilometres (pkm) and gross-ton-kilometres (gtkm). The research is concerned selected European countries. |
| Keywords: | Railway infrastructure, investment, the European Union, employment, the use of a railway system |
| JEL: | L92 O18 R40 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:1003659&r=tre |
| By: | Ça TEKE (Sakarya University); Baha GÜNEY (Sakarya University) |
| Abstract: | Planning, conducting and control of maintenance activities enable to the highest level of availability of transport vehicles in the fleet is one of the most important aspects of transportation. Maintenance is a set of activities that carry out to keep a system or equipment in operation. Maintenance activities are basically divided into two types as preventive maintenance and corrective maintenance. Life data analysis is of crucial importance in terms of determining the failure distribution. Failure distribution of machines and equipment has to be known for planning space parts, labour and tools. This can be determined by using failure data and suitable statistical method. In this study, failure distribution parameters of transport vehicles in the rail system fleet were determined by using real failure data. Applied method was shown for the equipment which is vitally important. |
| Keywords: | Life data analysis, Failure distribution parameters, rail system fleet vehicle, maintenance. |
| JEL: | C13 C34 L62 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:1003824&r=tre |
| By: | Bastian, Anne (KTH); Börjesson, Maria (KTH) |
| Abstract: | We study long-term trends in regional car travel demand within and across socio-demographic groups in Sweden, using cross-sectional data from National Travel Surveys, spanning the period from 1978 to 2011. We find that the reduction in per-adult driving in Sweden mainly occurs among urban men. Urban men of all income groups reduced their driving for both commuting and non-commuting trips in conjunction with rising gasoline prices, which may have contributed to this development. We find that driving among those socio-demographic groups, who have better opportunities to reduce their driving, and driving for discretionary rather than commute purposes is being reduced over time. Sweden is ranked among the most gender-equal countries in the world; yet we find a substantial remaining gender gap in the share of adults driving a car on an average day, even when controlling for other socio-economic differences. |
| Keywords: | Travel behavior; Peak car; GDP elasticity; Fuel price elasticity; Car use |
| JEL: | R40 |
| Date: | 2015–04–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:ctswps:2015_009&r=tre |
| By: | Francois J. Stofberg (Department of Economics, University of Pretoria); Jan H. van Heerden (Department of Economics, University of Pretoria) |
| Abstract: | TERM is used to analyse the short term regional economic impact of an increase in industries’ transport costs when paying E-Tolls. Market-clearing and accounting equations allow regional economies to be represented as an integrated framework; labour adjusts to accommodate increasing transportation costs, and investments change to accommodate capital that is fixed. We concluded that costs from levying E-Tolls on industries are relatively small in comparison to total transport costs, and the impact on economic aggregates and most industries are negligible: investments (-0.404%), GDP (-0.01), CPI (-0.10%). This is true even when considering costs and benefits on industries as well as consumers. Industries that experienced the greatest decline in output were transport, construction, and gold. Provinces which are closer to Gauteng, and have a greater share of severely impacted industries, experienced larger GDP and real income reductions. Mpumalanga’s decrease in GDP was 17% greater than Gauteng’s. |
| Keywords: | Computable General Equilibrium Models, Regional Economics, Policy Modelling, Transport Cost |
| JEL: | C68 L91 R11 R48 |
| Date: | 2015–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pre:wpaper:201527&r=tre |
| By: | Hugo Rojas-Romagosa; Eddy Bekkers; Joseph F. Francois |
| Abstract: | A consequence of melting Arctic ice caps is the commercial viability of the Northern Sea Route, connecting North-East Asia with North-Western Europe. This will represent a sizeable reduction in shipping distances and a decrease in the average transportation days by around one-third compared to the currently used Southern Sea Route. We examine the economic impact of the opening of the Northern Sea Route in a multi-sector Eaton and Kortum model with intermediate linkages. This includes a remarkable shift of bilateral trade flows between Asia and Europe, diversion of trade within Europe, heavy shipping traffic in the Arctic, and a substantial drop in traffic through Suez. These global trade changes are reflected in real income and welfare effects for the countries involved. The estimated redirection of trade has also major geopolitical implications: the reorganisation of global supply chains within Europe and between Europe and Asia, and the highlighted political interest and environmental pressure on the Arctic. |
| JEL: | R4 F17 C2 D58 F18 |
| Date: | 2015–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpb:discus:307&r=tre |
| By: | Gayle, Philip; Wu, Chi-Yin |
| Abstract: | Analysts of air travel markets, which include antitrust authorities, are interested in understanding the extent to which the presence of intermediate stop(s) products influences the pricing of nonstop products. This paper uses a structural econometric model to investigate the potential pricing interdependence between these two product types in domestic air travel markets. Counterfactual experiments using the estimated model suggest that in many (but far from a majority) markets the current prices of nonstop products are at least 5% lower than they would otherwise be owing to the presence of intermediate-stop(s) products. |
| Keywords: | Substitutability and Pricing Interdependence between Differentiated Air Travel Products; Discrete Choice Demand Model; Random Coefficients Logit |
| JEL: | L13 L40 L93 |
| Date: | 2015–05–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:64190&r=tre |
| By: | Joanna Krzywda (Czestochowa University of Technology); Dariusz Krzywda (Czestochowa Univeristy of technology) |
| Abstract: | The aim of this paper is to present by way of using a case study the on-going situation relating to the implementation of sustainable development within the area of metallurgical waste transport. A variety of activities have been undertaken within the area of metallurgy aiming at implementing sustainable development, especially through reducing the negative influence of the waste generated therein onto the natural environment. The most crucial changes relate to technological processes employed at the production stage; however, much is also done within the area of transport. The issue presented in the title of the paper will be discussed on the example of X enterprise, which deals in metallurgical waste processing. As far as technology in concerned, the enterprise in question implements innovative and environment friendly waste management methods. The considerations shall commence with addressing the question how the persons managing the company understand the notion of sustainable development and whether and to what extent the company implements this concept within the area of transport. An introductory analysis of the data obtained from the company makes it possible to propose a hypothesis relating to practical aspects of the implementation of the said concept: there continually arise contradictions of economic and environmental nature. |
| Keywords: | sustainable development in transport, transport of waste |
| JEL: | R49 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:1003977&r=tre |
| By: | Stergios Tampekis (Department of Planning and Regional Development, University of Thessaly); Fani Samara (Department of Planning and Regional Development, University of Thessaly); Stavros Sakellariou (Department of Planning and Regional Development, University of Thessaly); Olga Christopoulou (Department of Planning and Regional Development, University of Thessaly) |
| Abstract: | Small islands due to their small size face environmental risks, because of the pressures arising from the projects and actions aiming at economic development. Forests constitute vulnerable ecosystems that change at great speed. In most of the occasions the change is downgrading. The right management of the natural resources is the unique solution for the achievement of sustainable development. However, sustainable management of forests must be achieved with the respect and protection of nature and landscape. Sustainable management of forest resources can only be achieved through a well-organized road network, designed with the optimal spatial variability and the minimum environmental impacts. In this paper, we focus on the intensity criteria evaluation and more specifically on the forest road density, the road spacing and the forest opening-up percentage evaluation. From the road density and the forest protection percentage evaluation, we can deduce that in the study area there have been opened a lot of forest roads. Nevertheless, with the integration of the intensity and the absorption multi-criteria evaluation we can deduce whether the existing forest roads in the study area have been designed with the optimal spatial planning. Consequently, with the application of the optimal spatial planning technique we will ensure the best protection and at the same time the sustainable exploitation of the forest resources. Additionally, it will be valued if there are any impacts to the natural environment and if some of the forest roads had been constructed legally or not according to the guidelines. |
| Keywords: | forest roads’ network, spatial planning, environmental impact, road density, forest opening-up, gis |
| JEL: | Q01 Q23 Q56 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:1003749&r=tre |
| By: | Sebastian Henn; André Scholz (Faculty of Economics and Management, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg); Meike Stuhlmann; Gerhard Wäscher (Faculty of Economics and Management, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg) |
| Abstract: | The Single-Picker Routing Problem deals with the determination of sequences according to which items have to be picked in a distribution warehouse and the identification of the corresponding paths which have to be travelled by human operators (order pickers). The Single-Picker Routing Problem represents a special case of the classic Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) and, therefore, can also be modeled as a TSP. However, the picking area of a warehouse typically possesses a block layout, i.e. the items are located in parallel picking aisles, and the order pickers can only change over to another picking aisle at certain positions by means of so-called cross aisles. In this paper, for the first time a mathematical programming formulation is proposed which takes into account this specific property. Based on extensive numerical experiments, it is shown that the proposed formulation is superior to standard TSP formulations. |
| Keywords: | Order Picking, Picker Routing, Traveling Salesman Problem |
| Date: | 2015–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mag:wpaper:150005&r=tre |