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on Transport Economics |
| By: | Mitsakis, Evangelos; Stamos, Iraklis; Basbas, Socrates; Aggelakis, Miron; Aifadopoulou, Georgia |
| Abstract: | This paper aims at the estimation of road traffic induced environmental pollutants for the city of Thessaloniki, based on travel time detections of a point-to-point detection system. The hourly and daily pollutant emissions (NOx, CO, HC) and fuel consumption (FC) were estimated based on the COPERT model and include hot emissions of passengers’ cars circulating in high hierarchy links of the transport network. The system detections (travel time) were correlated based on each path’s length, in order to determine the average vehicle speed per analyzed time interval, which was the main determinant for calculating traffic induced emissions. The paper concludes with a sensitivity analysis based on link capacity and the prevailing traffic flow characteristics for optimally determining the vehicle speed and flow that minimize environmental pollutants. |
| Keywords: | traffic induced pollutants point-to-point detection system environmental modeling |
| JEL: | R40 R41 |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:61543&r=tre |
| By: | Iordanopoulos, Panagiotis; Mitsakis, Evangelos; Rijavec, Robert; Hausmann, Alexander; Kernstock, Wolfgang |
| Abstract: | Transport integration in South East Europe (SEE) is a fundamental pre-requisite for regional cohesion and development. Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) applications can play an important role in transport infrastructure management and traveler information provision throughout the SEE area. This paper presents the results of study focused on the identification and description of the requirements for interoperable ITS for integrated traffic management and ITS deployment. The key outcome of the study is the identification of the requirements for interoperable ITS along regional, national an urban transport networks. |
| Keywords: | Intelligent transport systems ITS directive Interoperability |
| JEL: | R40 R42 R48 |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:61568&r=tre |
| By: | Gabriel M. Ahlfeldt; Kristoffer Moeller; Nicolai Wendland |
| Abstract: | To analyze the mutually dependent relationship between local economic performance and the demand for and supply of transport services, we employ the structural panel VAR method that is popular in the macroeconomic literature, but which has not previously been applied to the modeling of within-city dynamics of transportation. We focus on a within-city panel of Berlin, Germany, during the heyday of the construction of its dense public transit network (1880–1914). Our results suggest that economic outcomes and supply of transport infrastructure mutually determine each other. Both transport demand and supply seem to be driven more by firms than by residents. |
| Keywords: | transport; land use; Berlin; history; panel vector; autoregression |
| JEL: | N73 N74 R12 R14 R41 |
| Date: | 2014–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:57873&r=tre |
| By: | Stephen Redding; Matthew A. Turner |
| Abstract: | This paper surveys the theoretical and empirical literature on the relationship between the spatial distribution of economic activity and transportation costs. We develop a multi-region model of economic geography that we use to understand the general equilibrium implications of transportation infrastructure improvements within and between locations for wages, population, trade and industry composition. Guided by the predictions of this model, we review the empirical literature on the effects of transportation infrastructure improvements on economic development, paying particular attention to the use of exogenous sources of variation in the construction of transportation infrastructure. We examine evidence from different spatial scales, between and within cities. We outline a variety of areas for further research, including distinguishing reallocation from growth and dynamics. |
| Keywords: | Highways; market access; railroads; transportation |
| JEL: | F15 R12 R40 |
| Date: | 2014–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:60288&r=tre |
| By: | Ebata, Ayato; Velasco, Pamela; von Cramon-Taubadel, Stephan |
| Abstract: | While smallholder market participation is seen as a catalyst for poverty alleviation, farmers in rural areas face a number of challenges in doing so. One of the most important factors is considered transaction costs related to transportation. Our study quantifies the benefits associated with improvement of rural road infrastructure by scrutinizing farm-gate prices of beans in rural Nicaragua. We find that the longer the distance and traveling time are to major commercial centers from farming communities, the less farm-gate prices producers receive. We find that a decrease in distance and traveling time by one unit is associated with an increase in farm-gate prices by 2-2.5 cents/qq. If infrastructure development can reduce travel time by 25%, an average farm would increase its annual revenue from beans by between $27.69 and $125.96 (between 4% and 18% of annual revenue today). Given that such infrastructure development affects all farmers and all crops, our findings suggest a larger implication at the sectorial level. |
| Keywords: | Producer prices, Central America, Transactions costs, transportation infrastructure, Agricultural and Food Policy, International Development, O13, O18, Q11, |
| Date: | 2015–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:gagfdp:197540&r=tre |
| By: | Gabriel M. Ahlfeldt |
| Abstract: | In this study I apply a gravity-type labor-market accessibility model to the Greater London Area to investigate house price capitalization effects. The spatial scope of labor-market effects is found to be about 60 minutes. Doubling accessibility increases the utility of an average household by about 12%. I combine the gravity approach with a transport decision model that takes into account the urban rail network architecture, allows for mode switching, and thus accounts for the effective accessibility offered by a station, to predict the property price effects of the 1999 Jubilee Line and DLR extension. A considerable degree of heterogeneity is predicted both in terms of the magnitude as well as the spatial extent of price effects around new stations. A quasi-experimental property price analysis reveals that the model performs well in predicting the effective capitalization effects, suggesting that the approach might be a viable ingredient in transport planning. |
| Keywords: | property prices; hedonic analysis; transport innovations; gravity equation |
| JEL: | H43 R40 R58 |
| Date: | 2013–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:47131&r=tre |
| By: | Wenjie Wu |
| Abstract: | Development of urban transport infrastructures is a key policy focus---particularly in countries like China which have experienced fast urbanisation over the past decade. While existing studies provide marginal values for rail access on the real estate market, little is known about the consequences of local public goods improvements for homeowners’ subjective wellbeing using reported happiness data. This paper uses a difference-in-difference method to empirically measure the impact of rail access on homeowners’ happiness. My identification strategy takes advantage of micro happiness survey data conducted before-and-after the opening of new rail stations in 2008 Beijing. I deal with the potential concern about the endogeneity in sorting effects by focusing on “stayers” and using non-market (fang gai) housings with pre-determined locations. I find the significantly heterogeneity in the effects from better rail access on homeowners’ happiness with respect to different dimensions of residential environment. The welfare estimates suggest that better rail access provided substantial benefits to homeowners’ happiness, but these benefits have strong social-spatial differentiations. These findings add to the evidence that transport improvement has an important role to play in influencing local residents’ subjective wellbeing. |
| Keywords: | happiness; transport improvement; geographical Information system; wellbeing; China |
| JEL: | D60 H41 R41 |
| Date: | 2013–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:57876&r=tre |
| By: | Marco Fugazza; Jan Hoffmann; Rado Razafinombana |
| Abstract: | This paper presents a unique database reporting the shortest liner shipping routes between any pair of countries for a reference sample of 178 countries over the 2006–2012 period. Computed maritime distances are retrieved using an original database containing all existing direct liner shipping connections between pairs of countries and the corresponding sea distance. The number of transhipments necessary to connect any country pair to allow for containerizable trade is also retrieved. The contribution of this database is threefold. First, it is expected to be a useful tool for a better appreciation of transport costs and access to regular container shipping services and their impact on trade. Secondly, as presented in this paper, it helps to describe and analyse the structure of the existing global network of liner shipping services for containerizable trade, i.e. most international trade in manufactured goods. Finally, our database is expected to facilitate the construction of a bilateral liner shipping connectivity index building on UNCTAD’s original work. |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unc:blupap:61&r=tre |
| By: | Stamos, Iraklis; Mitsakis, Evangelos |
| Abstract: | Climate change related disasters and extreme weather events are expected to significantly increase the risk of damages on networks, systems and assets. In view of these anticipated adverse effects, growing attention is placed on adaptation measures, in the form of preventive actions aiming to minimize induced hazards’ negative impacts and to enhance the cross-sectorial resilience. The transportation sector is no stranger to this regime. Within this paper, a detailed desktop, literature and case-study review approach is adopted in order to identify transport-related adaptation measures and actions that are taken at a global and European level. Findings from national and international activities, along with relevant policies and strategies stemming from relevant organizations (IPCC, Bridging the Gap, etc.) are reviewed in terms of their hitherto and expected contribution in efficiently addressing climate change. In addition, proposed actions are clustered in terms of content (technical measures, ICT, legislative, etc.). In this way, the transferability and applicability of case-specific experiences throughout the world are highlighted through the consolidation of a common knowledge base regarding adaptation measures in the transportation sector. Findings are formulated in the form of an adaptation toolbox that can provide the basis for an improved decision making approach for different end-user for addressing climate change. |
| Keywords: | climate change adaptation transport systems |
| JEL: | R40 |
| Date: | 2014–10–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:61535&r=tre |
| By: | Behrens, Kristian; Bougna, Théophile; Brown, W. Mark |
| Abstract: | We provide evidence for the effects of changes in transport costs, international trade exposure, and input-output linkages on the geographical concentration of Canadian manufacturing industries. Increasing transport costs, stronger import competition, and the spreading out of upstream suppliers and downstream customers are all strongly associated with declining geographical concentration of industries. The effects are large: changes in trucking rates, in import exposure, and in access to intermediate inputs explain between 20% and 60% of the observed decline in spatial concentration over the 1992–2008 period. |
| Keywords: | geographical concentration; input-output linkages; international trade exposure; transport costs; trucking rates |
| JEL: | C23 L60 R12 |
| Date: | 2015–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:10356&r=tre |
| By: | Alessandro Gavazza; Alessandro Lizzeri; Nikita Roketskiy |
| Abstract: | We quantitatively investigate the allocative and welfare effects of secondary markets for cars. An important source of gains from trade in these markets is the heterogeneity in the willingness to pay for higher-quality (newer) goods, but transaction costs are an impediment to instantaneous trade. Calibration of the model successfully matches several aggregate features of the U.S. and French used-car markets. Counterfactual analyses show that transaction costs have a large effect on volume of trade, allocations, and the primary market. Aggregate effects on consumer surplus and welfare are relatively small, but the effect on lower-valuation households can be large. |
| JEL: | N0 L91 L96 L81 |
| Date: | 2014–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:55720&r=tre |
| By: | Jörnsten, Kurt (Dept. of Business and Management Science, Norwegian School of Economics); Kalcsics, Jörg (Institute of Operations Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology) |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we use a reformulation of the symmetric and the asymmetric travelling salesman problem more suitable for Lagrangean relaxation and analyse the new approach on examples from TSP Lib. Furthermore the Lagrangean relaxed subproblems are travelling salesman alike which means that almost all that is known on the travelling salesman polytope can be used when the subproblems are to be solved. |
| Keywords: | Travelling Salesman; Lagrangean Relaxation; Mathematical Programming |
| JEL: | C60 |
| Date: | 2015–01–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:nhhfms:2015_004&r=tre |