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on Transport Economics |
| By: | Said Dahdah; Dipan Bose |
| Keywords: | Transport Economics Policy and Planning Road Safety Transport - Airports and Air Services Roads and Highways Conflict and Development - Post Conflict Reconstruction |
| Date: | 2013–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:20558&r=tre |
| By: | Xavier Fageda (Faculty of Economics, University of Barcelona); Marta Gonzalez-Aregall (Faculty of Economics, University of Barcelona) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the direct and indirect impacts of transport infrastructure on industrial employment. We estimate regressions with spatial econometric methods using data from the Spanish regions for the period 1995-2008. We find that the density of motorways and the amount of port traffic (particularly general non-containerized and container traffic) are significant determinants of industrial employment in the region, while the effects of railway density and the amount of airport traffic are unclear. Our empirical analysis shows the existence of significant negative spatial spillovers for the density of motorways and levels of container port traffic while the impact of general non-containerized port traffic seems to be mainly local. |
| Keywords: | transportation, industrial employment, spatial econometrics, motorways, ports, railways, airports. JEL classification: L92, O18, R4 |
| Date: | 2014–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ira:wpaper:201429&r=tre |
| By: | Redding, Stephen J.; Turner, Matthew A |
| Abstract: | This paper surveys the theoretical and empirical literature on the relationship between the spatial distribution of economic activity and transportation costs. We develop a multi-region model of economic geography that we use to understand the general equilibrium implications of transportation infrastructure improvements within and between locations for wages, population, trade and industry composition. Guided by the predictions of this model, we review the empirical literature on the effects of transportation infrastructure improvements on economic development, paying particular attention to the use of exogenous sources of variation in the construction of transportation infrastructure. We examine evidence from different spatial scales, between and within cities. We outline a variety of areas for further research, including distinguishing reallocation from growth and dynamics. |
| Keywords: | highways; market access; railroads; transportation |
| JEL: | F15 R12 R40 |
| Date: | 2014–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:10038&r=tre |
| By: | Balz R. Bodenmann; Breogan Sanchez; Alexandra Zeiler; Milan Kuliowsky; Peter Furtak; Georgios Sarlas |
| Abstract: | Spatial and transport planners, authorities, real estate developers, investors, re-locating residents and businesses have different questions related to space and transport. These questions may concern specific land parcels, or cover a much larger area such as a city, a region, or even a whole nation. Amongst others, these questions include: - How will our society respond to influences of global economy and political decisions (e.g. regarding demographics and firmographics)? - Which strategies will help authorities and politicians to reach their goals? - What are the spatial effects (and side-effects) of these decisions and demographic changes (e.g. spatial/social segregation, use of resources and infrastructure, climate impact)? To answer these questions, different scenarios have been simulated including all 3000 municipalities in Switzerland using the integrated transport and land use simulation tool FaLC (Facility Location Choice Simulation Tool). FaLC incorporates interactions between land use, transportation, economy and public policy and has been developed in a joint project between the Institute for Transport Planning and Systems (IVT) at ETH Zurich, regioConcept (Switzerland) and ESMO (Slovakia). The models in FaLC focus on the effects of changing infrastructure supply, political decisions, and economic conditions on the spatial behaviour (location and relocation choices, transport flows) of persons (places of residence, work, leisure and shopping), firms (domicile, branches) and goods (freights, wholesale, retail, cash flow). In FaLC, persons move (or stay) in a certain space divided into a number of subareas (locations), comparable to a chess board. The agents' movement includes the daily commuters between home, work and leisure, as well as long-term decisions such as; where they live, work and generally spend their spare time. The first prototype of FaLC is already in operation and ready to create future scenarios. The implemented case study for Switzerland focusses basically on three scenarios: - Effects of road network modification - Effects of company taxes reduction - Effects of land regulation modification This paper shows the effects and side-effects of these assumed spatial interventions. Additionally, it discusses some problems of the chosen micro-simulation approach (e.g. data availability, white noise, choice of subsets). |
| Keywords: | Spatial Planning; Land Use; Transport; Scenarios; Simulation; Urban Policy; |
| JEL: | H30 J10 J20 R11 R12 R30 R42 R52 R58 |
| Date: | 2014–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wiw:wiwrsa:ersa14p1130&r=tre |
| By: | Agrawal, Ajay; Galasso, Alberto; Oettl, Alexander |
| Abstract: | We study the interplay between transportation infrastructure, knowledge flows, and innovation. Exploiting historical data on planned portions of the interstate highway system, railroads, and exploration routes as sources of exogenous variation, we estimate the effect of U.S. interstate highways on regional innovation. We find that a 10% increase in a region's stock of highways causes a 1.7% increase in regional patenting over a five-year period. We show that roads facilitate the flow of local knowledge and allow innovators to access more distant knowledge inputs. This finding suggests that transportation infrastructure may spur regional growth above and beyond the more commonly discussed agglomeration economies that are predicated on an inflow of new workers. |
| Keywords: | highways; innovation; regional growth; transportation |
| JEL: | L91 O33 O47 |
| Date: | 2014–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:10113&r=tre |
| By: | Martin Uebele (University of Groningen); Daniel Gallardo-Albarr‡n (University of Groningen) |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the relation of pre-railroad transport infrastructure on Westphalian grain market integration in the early 19th century. It is motivated by recently found indications of macroeconomic change in Prussia such as increased demand for labour, disappearance of positive Malthusian shocks, and grain market integration. These coincide and correspond well with a number of institutional breaks such as border changes and state creation after the end of the Napoleonic Wars, liberal political reforms such as the abandoning of corporatist regulations in Prussia, and substantial public investment in paved roads in a number of Prussian provinces. In this article we show that (a) paved road connections mattered economically and statistically for bilateral rye and wheat price differences, (b) the usual dummy-variable approach to measure the effect of transport infrastructures proves to be unreliable and we propose a new indicator that takes into account the effects of the transport network (c) the role of the early railroad connections is not robust. In this pilot study we for the first time establish the correlation between economic development and pre-railroad transport infrastructure for a Prussian province, and thus call for more research on the causes of macroeconomic change in early 19th century Prussia. |
| Keywords: | Transport infrastructure, grain markets, Prussia, 19th century |
| JEL: | F1 N10 N73 |
| Date: | 2014–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hes:wpaper:0059&r=tre |
| By: | Miranda Sarmento, J.; Renneboog, L.D.R. (Tilburg University, Center For Economic Research) |
| Abstract: | Abstract: This paper presents the main reasons why public-private partnerships (PPPs) are adopted as well as the possible disadvantages for the public and private sectors. By means of two case studies on bridge construction and railway infrastructure (Fertagus and Lusoponte), we elucidate how a PPP is structured and financed. Furthermore, the two case studies illustrate how the renegotiation processes are conducted when the public-private contracts have to be altered and what determines (un)successful renegotiations. |
| Keywords: | Public–Private Partnerships; Concessions; Renegotiations; Public Procurement; Project Risk |
| JEL: | G32 H54 L91 |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tiu:tiucen:d276f5b6-49cb-40c7-b83c-1f1cf50ab7f5&r=tre |
| By: | Alain Thierstein; Sven Conventz |
| Abstract: | Airports have stepped beyond the stage of being simply pure infrastructure facilities. Hub airports in particular are considered to function as supra-regional and international gateway infrastructure thus having a decisive impact on firms' competitiveness and stimulating urban development. Hub airports have ? through their capability of concentrating different types of flows, from local to global ? morphed into strategic nodes within the networked economy. Recent studies indicate that hub airports increasingly play a significant role for multi-branch multi-location firms with their decision making process about where to locate. Successively, knowledge-intensive companies have settled their regional, national and sometimes supranational branches in close spatial proximity to primary and secondary airports. Simultaneously to their enhanced functionality, hub airports in Europe are increasingly recognized as general urban activity centres; that is, key assets for cities and regions as economic generators and catalysts of investment, in addition to being critical components of efficient city infrastructure. Hub airports thus represent ? against the backdrop of knowledge intensive firms optimizing physical and relational proximity within their knowledge generation efforts ? a crucial case where new urban functionalities co-produce new emerging urban patterns and vice-versa. The paper will shed light on the following questions: Which role does the knowledge generation process of firms and their respective locational needs play for geographical and relational proximity? What role does the hub airport represent within the value chains of knowledge-intensive companies? What role does an airport assume within a multi-branch firm's decision-making process about locating activities? The paper reflects the empirical results of a research project that compares the firm location behavior at the airports of Amsterdam, Munich, Dusseldorf and Frankfurt. We conclude with some recommendations on how airport-linked real estate sites need to be planned in order to reach certain robustness towards the constantly changing spatial needs of its users. |
| JEL: | R33 |
| Date: | 2014–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wiw:wiwrsa:ersa14p413&r=tre |
| By: | Daft, Jost; Albers, Sascha |
| Abstract: | Based on a sample of 26 European passenger airlines, this study analyzes the development of airline business models over time. We used various distance measures to calculate concrete differentiation levels among these airlines between 2004 and 2012. The results indicate increasing similarity among these airlines, which lends support to the generally assumed convergence trend. The present paper complements the mostly qualitative and anecdotal literature on convergence in the airline industry, empirically shows actual adaptations in airlines' business models, and provides a platform for further research in the fields of empirical convergence analysis and corresponding strategic airline management. |
| Keywords: | Airline business models,Convergence,Similarity measurement |
| JEL: | L10 L93 M19 |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ucdbpl:112&r=tre |
| By: | Eduardo Almeida; Pablo Guimarães |
| Abstract: | The relation between infrastructure and economic growth has been largely investigated in the literature, but the empirical evidence found has proven to be controversial. This paper aims to empirically analyze the impact of infrastructure stocks on economic growth. In spite of there being theoretical justification for taking infrastructure into account in studies on economic growth and equity, there is a difficulty in obtaining infrastructure data at a more disaggregated regional level. Frequently, the decisions on infrastructure investment are taken in the sphere of the federal government or of the state governments. Due to this, the data are usually available only at the state level. In view of this, there are two alternatives for doing an analysis of income convergence for Brazil. One alternative would be to do the income convergence analysis only at the state level. However, the sample size would be small (n=27), making it not reach the asymptotic properties of the estimators, among other limitations. The other alternative would be to perform the analysis of income convergence only at the municipal level. However, as much information on infrastructure is available at the state level, the researcher would take his chance of omitting variables of infrastructure relevant to analysis, creating bias and inconsistency to the estimator. In order to circumvent this problem, we propose a spatial multilevel model with two geographical levels, controlling for fixed effects and spatial dependence. The multilevel approach is justified when attempting to reconcile this hierarchical structure of necessary data in order to perform the analysis of conditional income convergence, including infrastructure as an important determinant. A model of conditional convergence is specified at the municipal level, whereas some first level coefficients are specified as being dependent on infrastructure stocks at the state level. The results revealed that road infrastructure stock is a relevant conditional variable in the convergence equation. More importantly, the control for fixed effects and spatial autocorrelation largely influences the estimated value of the beta. Based on our estimate of the beta, it is possible to point out the existence of an overestimation of this convergence parameter in the Brazilian literature on this research topic. |
| Keywords: | economic growth; infrastructure; spatial dependence; multilevel spatial model |
| JEL: | O47 C21 |
| Date: | 2014–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wiw:wiwrsa:ersa14p219&r=tre |