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on Transport Economics |
| By: | Bioly, Sascha; Sandhaus, Gregor; Klumpp, Matthias |
| Abstract: | Demographic change will have severe impacts on transport, logistics and traffic corporations and systems in Germany and Europe. The most important professional groupings therein are the different driver professions from road, rail and water to the air transport sector. Therefore this research paper analyses theoretical fields of action in order to mitigate and avoid the mentioned impacts. Furthermore, practical examples are provided. |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:fomild:42&r=tre |
| By: | Möller, Joachim (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg); Zierer, Marcus (University of Regensburg) |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzes the impact of the German autobahn net on the economic performance of German regions. To address endogeneity and reverse causation problems, we use historical instrument variables, i.e. a plan of the railroad net in 1890 and a plan of the autobahn net in 1937. We find a statistically and economically significant causal effect of transport infrastructure investments as measured by changes in the length of the autobahn net of West German NUTS 3 areas on regional employment and the wage bill. |
| Keywords: | transport infrastructure, regional labor market performance, historical instrumental variables, reverse causation, new economic geography |
| JEL: | L91 N73 N74 R11 R40 R49 |
| Date: | 2014–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp8593&r=tre |
| By: | Tobias Kuttler |
| Date: | 2014–06–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wiw:wiwneu:neurusp174&r=tre |
| By: | Mathias Reynaert |
| Abstract: | Emission standards are one of the major policy tools to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from transportation. The welfare e¤ects from this type of regulation depend on how  firms choose to abate emissions: by changing relative prices, by downsizing their flÂeet or by adopting technology. This paper studies the response of fi rms to a new emission standard in the European car market using panel data covering 1998-2011. The data show that  firms choose to comply with the regulation by adopting new technology. To evaluate the welfare effects of the regulation I estimate a structural model using data from before the policy announcement and explicitly test the ability of the model to explain the observed responses. I  find that, because the abatement is done by technology adoption, consumer welfare increases and overall welfare effects depend on market failures in the technology market. The design of the regulation matters to induce technology adoption. |
| JEL: | Q48 R48 L62 H23 |
| Date: | 2014–11–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jmp:jm2014:pre327&r=tre |
| By: | Salant, Stephen (Resources for the Future); Seegert, Nathan |
| Abstract: | We reconsider an important debate between Pigou (1920) and Knight (1924) nominally about congestible roads. Contrary to Knight's contention, allowing independent players to set tolls on congestible roads does not necessarily induce an efficient allocation of motorists. Toll- setting does result in efficient allocation in the limit of a large economy even in the absence of any uncongestible road. But in the more realistic circumstance of a finite economy, toll- setting—unlike Pigouvian taxes—will not in general achieve efficiency. We use these results to demonstrate a role for government in producing an uncongestible option that provides the necessary “competitive conditions” for toll-setting to reach the efficient outcome. These results are important for other allocation problems involving congestion. They even apply to the allocation of researchers across different contests where prize setters offer each winner a monetary prize and must compete with other prize setters and with jobs offering riskless compensation. |
| Keywords: | congestion externality |
| JEL: | H21 H23 |
| Date: | 2014–08–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rff:dpaper:dp-14-26&r=tre |
| By: | Kühn, André; Novinsky, Patrick; Schade, Wolfgang |
| Abstract: | The development of both, emerging markets as well as the already establish markets (USA, Japan, Europe), is highly relevant for future success of the export-oriented German automotive industry. This paper describes the so called Global Mobility Model (GLOMO) based on the system dynamics approach, which simulates the future development of car sales by segment and drive technology. The modularized model contains population, income and GDP development in order to describe the framework in the most important markets (USA, Japan, EU, Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa). According to the changes in framework conditions within these countries, worldwide car sales will nearly double up to 2030 (120 Mio. cars a year), with the most dynamic development in the Chinese market. The simulation results also show that - depending on the chosen scenario - a 40 %- share of alternative drive technologies within the worldwide car sales in 2030 seems to be possible. |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:fisisi:s132014&r=tre |
| By: | Yiqun Chen; Frank Sloan |
| Abstract: | This study investigates causal effects of changes in subjective probabilities of being pulled over and involved in accidents if driving while intoxicated on individuals’ drinking and driving choices. We also examine how hypothetical changes in perceptions of sanction severity affect drunk driving by experiments randomizing the harshness of punishments. We find that higher perceived risks of being pulled over and involved in accidents deter drinking and driving. However, deterrence is limited to persons who are alcohol addicted, lack of self-control over drinking, and are more impulsive. No deterrent effect of harsher legal punishments is found on individuals’ drunk driving choices. |
| JEL: | D04 D84 I12 I18 |
| Date: | 2014–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:20680&r=tre |
| By: | Ralf Martin |
| Abstract: | Policies on climate change that encourage 'clean innovation' while displacing 'dirty innovation' could have a positive impact on short-term economic growth while avoiding the potentially disastrous reduction in GDP that could result from climate change over the longer term. |
| Keywords: | Innovation spill-overs, Climate Change, Growth, Patents, Clean technology, Optimal climate policy |
| JEL: | O30 O44 Q54 Q55 Q58 H23 |
| Date: | 2014–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:ceppap:017&r=tre |
| By: | Mark Armstrong; John Vickers |
| Abstract: | We provide a simple necessary and sufficient condition for when a multiproduct demand system can be generated from a discrete choice model with unit demands. |
| Keywords: | Discrete choice, unit demand, multiproduct demand functions |
| JEL: | D01 D11 |
| Date: | 2014–10–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oxf:wpaper:729&r=tre |