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on Transport Economics |
| By: | Michael Janson; David Levinson (Nexus (Networks, Economics, and Urban Systems) Research Group, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota) |
| Abstract: | High Occupancy/Toll (HOT) Lanes typically charge a varying to single occupant vehicles (SOVs), with the toll increasing during more congested periods. The toll is usually tied to time of day or to the density of vehicles in the HOT lane. The purpose of raising the toll with congestion is to discourage demand enough to maintain a high level of service (LOS) in the HOT lane. Janson and Levinson (2014) demonstrated that the HOT toll may act as a signal of downstream congestion (in both general purpose (GP) and HOT lanes), causing an increase in demand for the HOT lane, at least at lower prices. This paper builds off that research and explores alternative HOT lane pricing strategies, including the use of GP density as a factor in price to more accurately reflect the value of the HOT lane. In addition, the paper explores the potential effect these strategies would have on the HOT lane vehicle share through a partial equilibrium analysis. This analysis demonstrates the change in demand elasticity with price, showing the point at which drivers switch from a positive to negative elasticity. |
| Keywords: | Toll Roads, Road Pricing, Transportation Economics, Travel Behavior, Networks |
| JEL: | R40 |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nex:wpaper:alternativehotprices&r=tre |
| By: | Martin P. Brosnan; David Levinson (Nexus (Networks, Economics, and Urban Systems) Research Group, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota) |
| Abstract: | Using detailed travel surveys conducted by the Metropolitan Council of the Minneapolis/St Paul (Twin Cities) Region in Minnesota for 1990, 2000-2001, and 2010-2011, this paper conducts a detailed analysis of journey-to-work times, activity allocation and accessibility. This study corroborates previous studies showing that accessibility is a significant factor in commute durations. Adjusting land use patterns to increase the number of workers in job-rich areas and the number of jobs in labor-rich areas is a reliable way of reducing auto commute durations. The finding that accessibility and commute duration have a large affect on the amount of time spent at work shows that activity patterns are influenced by transportation and the urban environment in very impactful ways. The descriptive results of this analysis show a measurable decline in the time people spend outside of their homes as well as the amount of time people spend in travel over the past decade. Although trip distances per trip are not getting any shorter, the willingness to make those trip is declining, and as a result fewer kilometers are being traveled and less time on average is being allocated to travel. |
| Keywords: | Accessibility, Transport Geography, Travel Behavior, Networks |
| JEL: | R40 |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nex:wpaper:accessibilityandtheallocationoftime&r=tre |
| By: | Asian Development Bank (ADB); (Southeast Asia Department, ADB); ; |
| Abstract: | The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is preparing sector assessments, strategies, and road maps (ASRs) to help align future ADB support with the needs and strategies of developing member countries and other development partners. ASRs are working documents that help inform the development of country partnership strategies. This transport sector ASR highlights development issues, needs, and strategic assistance priorities of the Government of the Philippines and ADB, with a focus on roads and intermodal integration, governance and institutional capacity, urban transport, and private sector provision of infrastructure. It highlights sector performance, priority development constraints, the government’s strategy and plans, other development partner support, lessons learned from past ADB support, and possible future ADB assistance including knowledge support and investments. The report serves as a basis for further dialogue on how ADB and the government can work together to tackle the challenges of managing transport sector development in the Philippines in the coming years. |
| Keywords: | adb, asian development bank, asdb, asia, pacific, poverty asia, highways, philippines economy, urban transport, railways, ports, water transport, country assessment, indicators, adb assistance, road safety, philippines roads, philippines transportation, philippines gdp, philippine trains, philippines population |
| Date: | 2012–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:asd:wpaper:rps124914&r=tre |
| By: | Isabelle Laplace (M3 Systems - M3 Systems); Nathalie Lenoir (LEEA - ENAC - Laboratoire d'Economie et d'Econométrie de l'Aérien - Ecole Nationale de l'Aviation Civile - PRES Université de Toulouse); Christine Cassan (Elysées Consulting - Elysées Consulting) |
| Abstract: | The purpose of the DEMAND 2025 study is to explore what can be assumed today about the main features of the demand for leisure air transport in 2025 ? leisure meaning all travel purposes except business, i.e. when the expense is a discretionary choice. An original methodology has been devoted to the study, and applied to the case of the French population, one of the top 5 European populations for leisure air traffic in EU15 in 2003.Determining how leisure air travel demand will evolve in the future requires an understanding of how passengers make their decisions to travel and how their behaviour and needs will evolve. That is why two complementary approaches have been used in this study: an economic approach and a sociological approach, using the EUROCONTROL STATFOR scenarios for the description of the general context in 2025.This innovative methodology has provided answers to two categories of questions: |
| Keywords: | air travel;leisure;demand features;scenarios |
| Date: | 2014–07–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-01021533&r=tre |
| By: | Jesus Gonzalez-Feliu (LET - Laboratoire d'économie des transports - CNRS : UMR5593 - École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État [ENTPE] - Université Lumière - Lyon II); Josep-Maria Salanova Grau (Hellenic Institute or Transport - Center of Research and Technologie Hellas) |
| Abstract: | Urban consolidation is a popular subject in city logistics. Moreover, public authorities need adapted decision support methods to analyse the interaction between their land-use choices and the transformations in trip behaviour, for both personal and commercial trips. This paper proposes a simulation method to carry out a land-use and transport interaction analysis based on the notion of accessibility, and applies it to the real urban network of Lyon. First, a literature review on accessibility and simulation of goods flows is made. Second, the proposed method is presented on the form of a sequential procedure. First, a demand generation model estimated the weekly number of demands to deliver to each customer, to what we convert the generated number of deliveries into a daily number of freight transport demands including a quantity of goods to deliver and a customer, via an empirical procedure. Then, a spatial analysis to choose the most suitable sets of potential logistics facilities is proposed. Finally, each platform is associated to a distance-based accessibility indicator. Computational results are presented and discussed. Finally, recommendations to public authorities for their land-use policy assessment in terms of impacts on freight transport are proposed. |
| Keywords: | urban consolidation; simulation; scenario assessment; distance-based accessibility |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-01053882&r=tre |
| By: | Hidekazu Itoh (Kwansei Gakuin University - Kwansei gakuin University) |
| Abstract: | This study constructs a theoretical production function that incorporates logistics accessibility and analyzes the economic impacts of improvements in freight transport for a regional economy. Using panel data between 1995 and 2010 for Japan, we evaluate the impacts of interregional logistics accessibility, or inbound (outbound) shipping of intermediate (final) goods, on production activity. The results show that the production function has increasing returns to scale, which positively affects production activity, regarding logistics accessibility. In addition, the estimated elasticity of transportation costs changes; that is, logistics improvements in procurements (sales) decrease (increase) with time. Furthermore, the impacts of cost improvements on production activity differ across manufacturing sectors. This empirical analysis supports the logistics strategies of transportation efficiency and relocation of factories and warehouses in manufacturing sectors. In accordance with the Weber location-production problem, this empirical analysis supports production-oriented location for input goods and market-oriented location for output goods. |
| Date: | 2014–07–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01015725&r=tre |
| By: | Xuan Di; Henry X. Liu; Shanjiang Zhu; David Levinson (Nexus (Networks, Economics, and Urban Systems) Research Group, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota) |
| Abstract: | The replacement I-35W bridge in Minneapolis saw less traffic than the original bridge though it provided substantial travel time saving for many travelers. This observation cannot be explained by the classical route choice assumption that travelers always take the shortest path. Accordingly, a boundedly rational route switching model is proposed assuming that travelers will not switch to the new bridge unless travel time saving goes beyond a threshold or “indifference bandâ€. To validate the boundedly rational route switching assumption, route choices of 78 subjects from a GPS travel behavior study were analyzed before and after the addition of the new I-35W bridge. Indifference bands are estimated for both commuters who were previously bridge users and those who never had the experience of using the old bridge. This study offers the first empirical estimation of bounded rationality parameters from GPS data and provides guidelines for traffic assignment. |
| Keywords: | Route Choice, Travel Demand Modeling, Bounded Rationality, Indifference Band, GPS Study, Travel Behavior, Networks |
| JEL: | R40 |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nex:wpaper:indifferencebandsforrouteswitching&r=tre |
| By: | Asian Development Bank (ADB); (Southeast Asia Department, ADB); ; |
| Abstract: | This urban development sector assessment, strategy, and road map (ASR) documents the strategic investment priorities of the Government of Viet Nam and the Asian Development Bank. The ASR has identified three priority areas: (i) development of corridor cities and towns to contribute to the transformation of regional transport corridors in the Greater Mekong Subregion into full-fledged economic corridors, (ii) development of secondary cities and towns as regional economic hubs to foster balanced regional development and to strengthen rural–urban links, and (iii) integrated transit-oriented development to reduce environmental pollution and traffic congestion. |
| Keywords: | adb, asian development bank, asdb, asia, pacific, poverty asia, vietnam population, vietnam gdp, viet nam, urbanization, urban residents, migration, traffic, transportation, urban transport, urban development, wastewater, drainage systems, congestion, roadmap, hanoi, Ho Chi Minh, da nang, metropolis, hai pong |
| Date: | 2012–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:asd:wpaper:rps125128&r=tre |
| By: | French, Michael (University of Miami); Gumus, Gulcin (Florida Atlantic University) |
| Abstract: | Every year in the United States, millions of college students travel for spring break, spending billions of dollars. We examine a potential adverse consequence of spring break that has received little attention in the literature – traffic safety. In particular, we estimate the impact of spring break season on fatal passenger vehicle crashes. Using daily county-level longitudinal data on traffic fatalities in popular spring break destinations from 1982-2011, we conduct separate analyses by age groups, license status, and alcohol involvement in the crash. Our findings indicate that passenger vehicle fatalities are significantly overrepresented during the spring break season. |
| Keywords: | spring break, college students, traffic fatalities, externalities |
| JEL: | I12 I18 H73 |
| Date: | 2014–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp8353&r=tre |
| By: | Andrew Owen; David Levinson (Nexus (Networks, Economics, and Urban Systems) Research Group, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota) |
| Abstract: | This paper discusses the development of a national public transit accessibility evaluation framework, focusing on lessons learned, data source evaluation and selection, calculation methodology, and examples of accessibility evaluation results. In both practice and in research, accessibility evaluation remains experimental and methodologically fragmented. This heightens the “first mover†risk for agencies seeking to implement accessibility-based planning practices, as they must select a method which might produce results that can only be interpreted locally. Development of a common baseline accessibility metric could advance the use of accessibility- based planning. The accessibility evaluation framework described here builds on methods developed in earlier project, extended for use on a national scale and at the Census block level. Application on a national scale involves assembling and processing a comprehensive national database of public transit network topology and travel times. This database incorporates the significant computational advancement of calculating accessibility continuously for every minute within a departure time window of interest. Values for contiguous departure time spans can then be averaged or analyzed for variance over time. This significantly increases computational complexity, but provides a very robust representation of the interaction between transit service frequency and accessibility at multiple departure times. |
| Keywords: | Accessibility, Big Data, Transit, Databases, Travel Behavior, Networks |
| JEL: | R40 |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nex:wpaper:transit-development&r=tre |
| By: | Jenny Schuetz |
| Abstract: | Over the past 20 years, California has made substantial investments in intra-metropolitan passenger rail infrastructure, expanding existing systems and building new ones. According to advocates of New Urbanism, such investment should encourage the growth of mixed-use transit-oriented development, defined as a high-density mix of residential and commercial uses within walking distance of rail stations. Little research to date has examined whether rail investment stimulates retail activity, which is a key component of mixed-use development. In this paper, I test whether the opening of new rail stations across California’s four largest metropolitan areas has affected retail employment within one-quarter mile of the stations, compared to similar neighborhoods around older stations or with no rail stations. Results indicate that new rail stations were located in areas with initially high employment density, somewhat outside the city centers. The impact of new stations on nearby retail activity varies within and across metropolitan areas. While new station openings are not significantly associated with retail employment across all MSAs, in the Los Angeles and Sacramento MSAs new stations are negatively associated with retail. Newly opened stations are positively associated with retail employment around suburban stations, but have a negative relationship near downtown stations. |
| Keywords: | Transit-oriented development; economic development; retail location |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:luk:wpaper:9243&r=tre |
| By: | Joelle Morana (LET - Laboratoire d'économie des transports - CNRS : UMR5593 - École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État [ENTPE] - Université Lumière - Lyon II); Jesus Gonzalez-Feliu (LET - Laboratoire d'économie des transports - CNRS : UMR5593 - École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État [ENTPE] - Université Lumière - Lyon II) |
| Abstract: | Urban logistics has now become a priority issue in both supply chain management and urban planning. However, the different stakeholders involved develop different approaches whose aims and objectives do not always coincide and sometimes present conflicting standpoints. The aim of this paper is to complete existing literature by proposing a sustainable dashboard for evaluating the sustainable performance of urban delivery systems, from the perspective of operational logistics managers, one of the categories of stakeholders given less consideration by public authorities in their quest for consensus. First, a synthesis of the main works on the subject is proposed, in order to provide a common grid of economic, environmental and social/societal indicators for Sustainable Supply Chain Management, after which the method for defining the dashboard is presented. This method is derived from a collaborative decision-aid approach and applied to a panel of operational logistics managers. Next, the results of the analysis framework are presented, and the selected indicators proposed and commented. Finally, a model dashboard is presented and discussed, followed by conclusions and further developments in view to the practical application of the approach proposed. |
| Keywords: | Sustainable Supply Chain Management; urban logistics; sustainability dashboard; collaborative decision making; consensus |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-01053885&r=tre |
| By: | Fabian Zepezauer |
| Date: | 2013–03–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wiw:wiwneu:neurusp168&r=tre |