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on Transport Economics |
| By: | Erdogdu, Erkan |
| Abstract: | The world’s most expensive motor fuel (gasoline, diesel and LPG) is sold most likely in the Republic of Turkey. This paper investigates the key issues related to the motor fuel prices in Turkey. First of all, the paper analyses the main reason behind high prices, namely motor fuel taxes in Turkey. Then, it estimates the elasticity of motor fuel demand in Turkey using an econometric analysis. The findings indicate that motor fuel demand in Turkey is quite inelastic and, therefore, not responsive to price increases caused by an increase in either pre-tax prices or taxes. Therefore, fuel market in Turkey is open to opportunistic behaviour by firms (through excessive profits) and the government (through excessive taxes). Besides, the paper focuses on the impact of high motor fuel prices on road transport associated activities, including the pattern of passenger transportation, motorization rate, fuel use, total kilometers travelled and CO2 emissions from road transportation. The impact of motor fuel prices on income distribution in Turkey and Turkish public opinion about high motor fuel prices are also among the subjects investigated in the course of the study. |
| Keywords: | Model construction and estimation; fiscal policy; motor fuel prices |
| JEL: | C51 D72 E62 H23 Q43 |
| Date: | 2013 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:55521&r=tre |
| By: | Bénédicte Meurisse; Maxime Le Roy |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates household behaviour with regard to vehicle fuel efficiency. We propose to approach the Willingness to Pay (WTP) for better fuel efficiency through the Hicksian compensating variation in income. Specifically, we distinguish the Willingness to Pay or to Accept (WTA) buying a more fuel-efficient car from the theoretical WTP for a reduction in fuel consumption without changing one’s car. Then by assuming that the household has to replace its car, we estimate a WTP for the cleanest car. We also analyse what effect a fuel tax and/or a feebate scheme (e.g. a bonus-malus scheme) have on the WTP for the cleanest car and on the driven mileage. We find that the WTP for the cleanest car decreases following the implementation of a fuel tax. To the contrary, a feebate system leads to an increase in this WTP. But we also find that reducing the market price of the new vehicle (i.e. through a bonus) is not worthwhile in the light of the rebound effect. However, a fuel tax – as soon as it exceeds a certain level – is able to nullify the rebound effect. |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cec:wpaper:1406&r=tre |
| By: | Mandell, Svante (Department of Real Estate and Construction Management, Royal Institute of Technology); Nilsson, Jan-Eric (The Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI)); Vierth, Inge (The Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI)) |
| Abstract: | The impact of policy instruments supposed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from road freight transports may seem smaller than expected. Using insights from economics and contract theory, the paper sorts out the (possible) instances of market failure in the freight transport market; operator market power, asymmetric information split incentives, and public goods. The primary limitations of standard policy instruments are demonstrated to be linked to unobservable information. Some of these may be reduced but not eliminated as information technologies develop, making it possible to observe, verify and provide contract-relevant information to the uninformed parties. There is little reason to believe that possible market failures present major limitations to the efficiency of economic instruments geared toward protecting the climate, other than possibly in the short run. |
| Keywords: | Freight transport; climate; greenhouse gas; policy instruments; asymmetric information; split incentives |
| JEL: | Q53 R40 R48 |
| Date: | 2014–04–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:kthrec:2014_003&r=tre |
| By: | Verny, Jérôme; Gbaguidi, David Sedo |
| Abstract: | This article seeks to measure the performance of a complex geoeconomic system such as a port-valley. Public and private decision-makers involved in the development of a port-valley system need innovative methodological advances in freight transport data collection and production. This research fits into a development process of modelling frameworks in order to overcome different economic geography problems in freight transport and logistics. Within these frameworks, using descriptive statistics and time series analysis techniques, the purpose to be undertaken will allow for e¢ cient and robust indicators which will contribute to measure the performance of this type of geoeconomic system. The study of these spatial and temporal phenomena will be inspired by works in macroeconomics and evolutionary biology in order to provide a general framework that will simplify all stakeholders decision-making process. In the empirical studies, we will focus our attention on modelling (1) the dynamics of traffic registered by the seaports of a valley, (2) the synergy of the economic sectors present in a valley and (3) the main activities of stakeholders involving in specific transport and logistics sector of this valley. However, gaps in terms of availability of data in the fields of economic geography make it difficult to implement this kind of study and indirectly to measure the efficiency in stakeholders decision-making process. The construction of a database that will reflect current and historical situations of the port-valley activities stands out as a preliminary and inevitable step. |
| Keywords: | Port-valley system, Spatial-temporal freight data, Markov switching model, Multi-table models. |
| JEL: | P52 R1 R4 |
| Date: | 2014–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:55480&r=tre |
| By: | Sanders, Rebecca L PhD, MCP; Griffin, Ashleigh MS, MCP; MacLeod, Kara E MPH; Cooper, Jill F MSW; Ragland, David R PhD, MPH |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Social and Behavioral Sciences |
| Date: | 2014–04–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsrrp:qt18h3k3gh&r=tre |
| By: | Diego, Escobari |
| Abstract: | This paper uses an original panel dataset with posted prices and sales to estimate a dynamic demand. We find that consumers become more price sensitive as time to departure nears which is consistent with having lower valuations. This result provides empirical support to a key theoretical implication in Deneckere and Peck [Deneckere, R., Peck, J., 2012. Dynamic competition with random demand and costless search: A theory of price posting. Econometrica 80, 1185-1247] --- high-valuation consumers purchase earlier. We also find that the number of active consumers increases closer to departure. |
| Keywords: | Dynamic demand; Consumers' valuations; Advance purchases; Airlines |
| JEL: | C23 D12 L93 R41 |
| Date: | 2014–04–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:55408&r=tre |
| By: | Carlos Henrique Ribeiro de Carvalho |
| Abstract: | Este trabalho mostra como a população tem maior propensão a gastar com transporte privado em relação ao transporte público, à medida que a renda vai aumentando. Esta análise é feita a partir dos cálculos das elasticidades-renda dos gastos com transporte público e privado das famílias brasileiras, com base nos dados da Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares (POF) do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Maiores elasticidades- renda nos gastos com transporte privado indicam maiores problemas na gestão de trânsito e transporte para os grandes centros urbanos, em períodos de expansão de renda como o que o Brasil está experimentando nos últimos anos. Os resultados mostram também que, a partir de um determinado nível de renda, os gastos com transporte público apresentam elasticidade negativa, o que demonstra a total falta de atratividade destes serviços perante as famílias mais ricas. Com vistas à melhoria das condições de mobilidade e redução das externalidades, o texto discute algumas políticas públicas que deveriam ser adotadas para tornar o transporte público mais atrativo em relação ao transporte individual e, assim, equilibrar a matriz modal de deslocamentos urbanos. This paper shows how the population has a higher propensity to spend on private transport over public transport as income increases. This analysis is done from calculations of income elasticity of spending on public and on private transport of Brazilian families based on data from the Household Budget Survey of IBGE. Higher income elasticities in spending on private transport indicate more difficulties in the management of traffic and transport for major urban centers in periods of income expansion. Brazil has been experiencing this fact in recent years. The results also show that spending on public transportation has negative elasticity after certain income levels. This fact indicate that there is a lack of attractiveness of these services for the richest families. Aiming at the improvement of mobility and reduction of externalities, the paper discusses some policies that should be adopted to make public transport more attractive compared to private transport and improve the balance of the modal matrix of urban trips. |
| Date: | 2014–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipe:ipetds:1947&r=tre |
| By: | Minten, Bart; Koro, Bethlehem; Stifel, David |
| Abstract: | Based on unique data from a quasi-experimental setting in northwestern Ethiopia, this study examines the “last mile(s)â€â€”from the input distribution center to the farmer—in the chemical fertilizer and improved seed distribution system. We find that increasing transaction and transportation costs over a 35 kilometer distance, along a route mainly accessible to foot traffic only, lead to a 50 percent increase of the prices of chemical fertilizer and to a 75 percent reduction in its use. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural inputs, modern inputs, fertilizer, improved seed, remoteness, |
| Date: | 2013 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:esspwp:51&r=tre |
| By: | CISCAR MARTINEZ Juan Carlos (European Commission – JRC - IPTS); FEYEN Luc (European Commission – JRC - JRC.H.7); SORIA RAMIREZ Antonio (European Commission – JRC - IPTS); LAVALLE Carlo (European Commission – JRC - JRC.H.8); PERRY Miles (European Commission – JRC - IPTS); RAES Frank (European Commission – JRC - JRC.H.7); NEMRY Francoise (European Commission – JRC - IPTS); DEMIREL Hande (European Commission – JRC - IPTS); RÓZSAI Máté (European Commission – JRC - IPTS); DOSIO Alessandro (European Commission – JRC - JRC.H.7); DONATELLI Marcello (European Commission – JRC - JRC.H.4); SRIVASTAVA Amit Kumar (European Commission – JRC - JRC.H.4); FUMAGALLI Davide (European Commission – JRC - JRC.H.4); NIEMEYER Stefan (European Commission – JRC - JRC.H.4); SHRESTHA Shailesh; CIAIAN Pavel (European Commission – JRC - IPTS); HIMICS Mihaly; VAN DOORSLAER Benjamin (European Commission – JRC - IPTS); BARRIOS Salvador (European Commission – JRC - IPTS); IBANEZ RIVAS Juan Nicolás (European Commission – JRC - IPTS); FORZIERI Giovanni (European Commission – JRC - JRC.H.7); ROJAS MUJICA Rodrigo Felipe (European Commission – JRC - JRC.H.7); BIANCHI Alessandra (European Commission – JRC - JRC.H.7); DOWLING Paul; CAMIA Andrea (European Commission – JRC - JRC.H.3); LIBERTA Giorgio (European Commission – JRC - JRC.H.3); SAN-MIGUEL-AYANZ Jesus (European Commission – JRC - JRC.H.3); DE RIGO Daniele (European Commission – JRC - JRC.H.3); CAUDULLO Giovanni (European Commission – JRC - JRC.H.3); BARREDO CANO Jose Ignacio (European Commission – JRC - JRC.H.3); PACI Daniele (European Commission – JRC - JRC.F.7); PYCROFT Jonathan (European Commission – JRC - IPTS); SAVEYN Bert (European Commission – JRC - IPTS); REVESZ Tamas; BARANZELLI Claudia (European Commission – JRC - JRC.F.8); VANDECASTEELE Ine (European Commission – JRC - JRC.F.8); BATISTA E SILVA Filipe (European Commission – JRC - JRC.F.8); IBARRETA RUIZ Dolores (European Commission – JRC - IPTS) |
| Abstract: | The purpose of the JRC PESETA II project is to gain insights on the sectoral and regional pattern of the impacts of climate change in Europe by the end of this century. The assessment concerns both the biophysical and economic impacts of climate change. The study has as new elements a large set of impact categories (a total of ten: agriculture, energy, river floods, droughts, forest fires, transport infrastructure, coasts, tourism, habitat suitability of forest tree species and human health) and climate model simulations (a maximum of fifteen for some impact sectors). Six of those impacts are integrated into an economic setup (agriculture, energy, river floods, forest fires, transport infrastructure and coasts). This report details the main methodological aspects of the integrative project and discusses the main results, both in biophysical impact and economic impact terms. |
| Keywords: | Environmental economics, greenhouse gas emissions reduction, green tax reform, energy tax, energy-intensive sectors, competitiveness, multi-sectoral, computable general equilibrium model (CGE), scenario-building techniques, climate change impacts and adaptation assessment |
| Date: | 2014–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc87011&r=tre |
| By: | Shuhei Nishitateno |
| Abstract: | Growing production fragmentation makes analysis of network effects on trade in parts and components more important than ever. This study examines network effects on auto parts exports from six major auto producing countries using a panel dataset covering 49 destinations and 31 products over the period from 2002 to 2008. Unlike previous research, this study finds that, in the case of Japanese automakers, overseas production by subsidiary plants is less important in determining auto parts exports from Japan than it is for the other major auto producing countries. Japanese auto parts suppliers, unlike their counterparts in other countries, have a tendency to follow the Japanese auto makers in internationalizing their operations. This practice of meeting the need of automakers from overseas production plants weakens the network effects on auto parts exports from Japan. |
| Keywords: | Network effect, International trade, production fragmentation, keiretsu, automobile industry, Japan |
| JEL: | F14 L23 |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pas:papers:2014-09&r=tre |
| By: | Grembek, Offer; Medury, Aditya; Orrick, Phyllis; Leung, Katherine; Ragland, David R.; Loukaitou-Sideris, Anastasia; Fink, Camille N.Y.; Resnick, Justin; Wong, Norman; Shafizadeh, Kevan; Khan, Ghazan |
| Keywords: | Engineering |
| Date: | 2014–04–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsrrp:qt57s5214g&r=tre |