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on Transport Economics |
| By: | Jessica E. Schoner; David Levinson (Nexus (Networks, Economics, and Urban Systems) Research Group, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota) |
| Abstract: | Cities promote strong bicycle networks to support and encourage bicycle com- muting. However, the application of network science to bicycle facilities is not very well studied. Previous work has found relationships between the amount of bicycle infrastructure in a city and aggregate bicycle ridership, and between microscopic network structure and individual tripmaking patterns. This study fills the missing link between these two bodies of literature by developing a standard methodology for measuring bicycle facility network quality at the macroscopic level and testing its association with bicycle commuting. Bicycle infrastructure maps were collected for 74 United States cities and systematically analyzed to evaluate their network structure. Linear regression models revealed that connectivity and directness are important factors in predicting bicycle commuting after controlling for demographic variables and the size of the city. These findings provide a framework for transportation planners and policymakers to evaluate their local bicycle facility networks and set regional priorities that support nonmotorized travel behavior, and for continued research on the structure and quality of bicycle infrastructure and behavior. |
| Keywords: | Bicycling, Travel Behavior, Networks |
| JEL: | R40 |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nex:wpaper:missinglink&r=tre |
| By: | Rafael L. Myro (Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Departamento de Economía Aplicada II); Belén Rey (Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Departamento de Economía Aplicada II); Pablo I. Hernández (Universidad Carlos III) |
| Abstract: | This article presents an estimate of the impact of low-cost airlines on Spanish tourism arriving from the principal EU-15 member states during the first decade of the 21st century by means of a multivariate analysis of tourist demand. The effects of low-cost companies (LCCs) on expenditure and on the number of tourists are separated. The expansion in low-cost airlines have had a positive and strong effect on the number of tourists but seems not to have influenced at all the aggregate expenditure made by them as the expenditure by tourist has decreased perhaps due to an increasing number of tourist with higher frugality or lesser income. This result could be regarded as a useful guide to policy makers when they subsidize LCCs. |
| Keywords: | Air Transport, Low Cost Airlines, Tourist demand |
| JEL: | D12 F14 L83 L93 |
| Date: | 2014–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aee:wpaper:1404&r=tre |
| By: | Mohamed Mouloud Haddak (IFSTTAR/UMRESTTE - Unité Mixte de Recherche Epidémiologique et de Surveillance Transport Travail Environnement - Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I - IFSTTAR); Nathalie Havet (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne - Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique - CNRS : UMR5824 - Université Lumière - Lyon II - École Normale Supérieure (ENS) - Lyon - PRES Université de Lyon - Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne - Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I); Marie Lefèvre (IFSTTAR/UMRESTTE - Unité Mixte de Recherche Epidémiologique et de Surveillance Transport Travail Environnement - Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I - IFSTTAR) |
| Abstract: | Few studies have explored, to date, the issue of the monetary valuation of non-fatal injuries caused by road traffic accidents. The present paper arises interest in this question and aims to estimate, by means of the contingent valuation, the willingness to pay (WTP) of French households to improve their road safety level and reduce their risk of non-fatal injuries following a road accident. More precisely, Logit and Tobit models will be estimated to identify the factors influencing the individual will to pay. The results highlight the significant and positive influence of the injury severity on the WTP of the participants. The direct or indirect experience of road traffic accidents seems to play an important role and positively influences the valuation of the non-fatal injuries. |
| Keywords: | Road safety; Willingness to pay; Contingent valuation; Value of risk reduction; serious injuries |
| Date: | 2014–02–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-00950017&r=tre |
| By: | Ando, Asao; Meng, Bo |
| Abstract: | This paper presents a framework for an SCGE model that is compatible with the Armington assumption and explicitly considers transport activities. In the model, the trade coefficient takes the form of a potential function,and the equilibrium market price becomes similar to the price index of varietal goods in the context of new economic geography (NEG). The features of the model are investigated by using the minimal setting, which comprises two non-transport sectors and three regions. Because transport costs are given exogenously to facilitate study of their impacts, commodity prices are also determined relative to them. The model can be described as a system of homogeneous equations, where an output in one region can arbitrarily be determined similarly as a price in the Walrasian equilibrium. The model closure is sensitive to formulation consistency so that homogeneity of the system would be lost by use of an alternative form of trade coefficients. |
| Keywords: | Econometric model, Economic geography, Transportation, Trade theory, SCGE (Spatial Computable General Equilibrium) model, Armington assumption, Transport sector |
| JEL: | C67 C68 R15 |
| Date: | 2014–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jet:dpaper:dpaper447&r=tre |
| By: | Ioulia Ossokina; Gerard Verweij |
| Abstract: | This paper exploits a quasi-experiment to value the benefits of reducing urban traffic externalities. As a source of exogenous variation we use the opening of a new bypass in The Hague, the Netherlands, that reduced traffic on a number of local streets, leaving others unaffected. We calculate the effect of the change in traffic nuisance on housing prices and find that a reduction of 50% in traffic density induces a 1% increase in housing prices on average. Reductions in traffic nuisance are valued much more positively when the traffic density is already high. We do not find evidence of anticipation effects up to 3 years before the change. Furthermore, our results indicate that traffic nuisance effects are likely to be biased in cross-sectional studies. |
| JEL: | Q53 R2 R4 |
| Date: | 2014–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpb:discus:267&r=tre |