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on Transport Economics |
| By: | R. Richard Geddes; Dimitar N. Nentchev |
| Abstract: | The United States faces major challenges related to the funding of transportation infrastructure, such as roads, bridges, and tunnels. Pricing existing roads generates substantial additional revenue while adjusting traffic demand to meet market conditions. The approach proposed here uses the value embedded in US infrastructure to increase the political feasibility of road pricing. |
| Keywords: | transportation,traffic,Road Use Fees,infrastructure |
| JEL: | A |
| Date: | 2013–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aei:rpaper:39627&r=tre |
| By: | Joseph V. Spadaro; Sérgio H. Faria; Anil Markandya |
| Abstract: | The transportation sector is a major contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions, accounting for around one-quarter of current annual emissions. Surface transportation (passenger vehicles, buses, rail, and freight transportation) contributes 75% of total emissions, with the remaining 25% allocated equally between air and water transport. According to the recently released 5th Assessment Report of the IPCC (September 2013), the transportation sector is expected to grow significantly in future years, particularly in rapidly developing countries around the world, and will therefore be one of a few key drivers of increasing global warming. Unless there is a major political effort and consumer willingness to change current energy consumption patterns and travel modes over the next few decades, transport-related emissions are likely to double by 2050 relative to levels observed in 2010. Because of the contribution of transportation to climate change and its impact on urban air quality, a comparative assessment of potential carbon emission reductions and health benefits of reduced particulate matter emissions was undertaken considering several low carbon pathways for development of the urban road transport sector up to 2050. As a result, we conclude that aggressive changes will be needed to scale back future emissions by 20% (or more) compared to present day emissions. These changes will impact vehicle fuel economy (+50%), urban mobility patterns (lower private car demand and greater use of public transportation), choice of alternative fuels (less use of petroleum-based fuels and greater use of biofuels and electrons) and electricity generation mix (greater use of renewables, carbon capture technologies for limiting fossil fuel carbon emissions, and/or nuclear energy). Public acceptance is fundamental to bring about changes in consumer attitudes and behaviour. Given the long lead times required for research, development, demonstration and deployment of new technologies, the time to act is now if we are to limit the global mean surface temperature increase to within 2°C above preindustrial levels. |
| Keywords: | transportation; biofuels; climate change; low carbon pathways; carbon price; electricity decarbonisation; health impacts; DALY. |
| Date: | 2013–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bcc:wpaper:2013-14&r=tre |
| By: | Bigham, John; Kang, Sanghyeok |
| Abstract: | To manage events associated with highways, data systems have been developed to store relevant event information. To reap the full benefits of geographic information system technologies, the relative locations can be integrated into a linear referencing system. The objective of this paper is to present a methodology for building a highway linear referencing system by applying preexisting marker measurements to a digital street network. The system was developed for locating motor vehicle collisions in California and resulted in improved accuracy compared to a previously developed system. Nearly 50 percent of the relative collision locations based on the two different systems were within one meter of each other, but 4.1 percent were greater than 1,000 meters. Differences in collision locations were likely because of improved accuracy for (1) an increased number of reference markers were used, (2) all route realignments were accounted for, and (3) all previously identified errors were corrected. |
| Keywords: | Engineering, GIS, linear referencing, transportation |
| Date: | 2013–07–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsrrp:qt38z4d12n&r=tre |
| By: | Bergantino, Angela Stefania; Capozza, Claudia |
| Abstract: | This paper empirically analyses airline pricing for short-haul flights in contexts with no credible threat of inter-modal competition. To this end, we explore the southern Italian market since it is less accessible by other transport modes and thus fares are the direct outcome of air-related competition. We show, in fact, that market power matters, depending on the level of intra-modal competition, and that airlines apply differentiated mark-ups. Besides, consistent with the implementation of inter-temporal price discrimination (IPD), we find a non-monotonic inter-temporal profile of fares with a turning point included in the interval of the 43th to 45th days before departure. Finally, we provide evidence that in more competitive markets, airlines are more likely to engage in IPD. |
| Keywords: | airfares, market structure, intertemporal price discrimination |
| JEL: | L11 L13 L9 L93 |
| Date: | 2013–11–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:48892&r=tre |
| By: | Volpe, Richard; Leibtag, Ephraim; Roeger, Edward |
| Abstract: | This report examines the ways that fuel prices are transmitted to wholesale produce prices via transportation costs. Specifically, it focuses on marketing costs for asparagus,cantaloupes, table grapes, oranges, bell peppers, and tomatoes. Results of the study indicate that transportation costs significantly increase the costs of marketing these produce items and therefore their wholesale price. The impact of fuel prices on produce prices depends on a number of factors, including the distance between wholesale markets and the source of the produce, the method of transportation, the importance and timing of imports, and commodity-specific factors such as perishability. Overall, as fuel prices rise, so do wholesale produce prices and the margins between farm and wholesale prices. |
| Keywords: | Price determination, transportation costs, wholesale price margins, fruits and vegetables, trade, Agribusiness, Crop Production/Industries, Demand and Price Analysis, Industrial Organization, |
| Date: | 2013–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:uersrr:161355&r=tre |
| By: | Juliano Assuncao; Joao Paulo Pessoa; Leonardo Rezende |
| Abstract: | In Brazil, gasoline and ethanol coexist as automotive fuels and are becoming closer substitutes as flex cars become more widely adopted. We employ this source of variation in a large panel of weekly prices at the station level to show that fuel prices have fallen in response to this change. This finding is evidence of market power in fuel retail and indicates that innovations that increase consumer choice benefit even those who choose not to adopt them. We also propose a model of price competition in this market and use it to estimate demand from price response functions. |
| Keywords: | Flex-fuel vehicles, Gasoline, Ethanol, Price competition, Spatial Competition, Discrete equilibrium price dispersion |
| JEL: | L11 L13 L62 L71 |
| Date: | 2013–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepdps:dp1251&r=tre |
| By: | Nistor, Filip |
| Abstract: | Open and international registries have provided for a period of time an attractive method to shipowners wanted to minimize operating costs, for example, levying low or no tax on ship profits and imposing no manning restrictions, and on many occasions by escaping legislative implementation and administrative control. Seven countries from EU have a second or international register. Nowadays, about half of the world’s merchant ships were registered with open registries. The aim of the present paper is to analyze the international registries and their importance on shipping market. |
| Keywords: | international registries, shipping, shipowner |
| JEL: | F1 R49 |
| Date: | 2013–05–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:52254&r=tre |