nep-tre New Economics Papers
on Transport Economics
Issue of 2012‒10‒27
eleven papers chosen by
Erik Teodoor Verhoef
VU University Amsterdam
  1. Impacts of different environmentally differentiated truck charges on mileage, fleet composition and emissions in Germany and Sweden By Vierth, Inge; Schleussner, Heike
  2. The dynamics of urban traffic congestion and the price of parking By Mogens Fosgerau; André De Palma
  3. Working Paper 11-12 - Impact sur l’environnement de l’évolution de la demande de transport à l’horizon 2030 By Ina De Vlieger (VITO); Dominique Gusbin; Bruno Hoornaert; Inge Mayeres (VITO); Marie Vandresse; Marlies Vanhulsel (VITO)
  4. MARITIME PORTS AND INLAND INTERCONNECTIONS: A TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS OF CONTAINER BARGE TRANSPORT IN FRANCE By Marianne Fischman; Emeric Lendjel
  5. Japanese and Korean Automobile Exports and the Alchian-Allen Theorem By Resiandini, Pramesti
  6. Trip timing and scheduling preferences By Mogens Fosgerau; André De Palma; Anders Karlstrom; Kenneth A. Small
  7. Introducing behavioral change in transportation into energy/economy/environment models By Schafer, Andreas
  8. “Regulation of Port Charges in Spain: Global versus Local Competition” By Xavier Fageda; Marta Gonzalez-Aregall
  9. LES STRUCTURES DE GOUVERNANCES DE LA CHAINE TRANSACTIONNELLE DU TRANSPORT FLUVIAL DE CONTENEURS SUR LE RHONE By Emeric Lendjel; Marianne Fischman; Elisabeth Gouvernal
  10. Diesel Pricing in India: Entangled in Policy Maze. By Anand, Mukesh Kumar
  11. Step tolling with price sensitive demand: Why more steps in the toll makes the consumer better off By Berg, V.A.C. van den
  1. By: Vierth, Inge (VTI); Schleussner, Heike
    Abstract: During the last decade six central European countries (Germany, Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland and Switzerland) have introduced distance-based network tolls for heavy trucks. In Sweden, Denmark and the Benelux states the time-based Eurovignette is applied since the 1990-ies. All charging systems include a differentiation according to emission class for CO, HC, NOx, PM and smoke, but the Eurovignette is not updated to the latest emission classes. The study addresses Sweden and Germany as representatives for the time-based and distance-based charging system. The German toll is much higher than the Eurovignette for all real journeys; in addition the German government subsidises the purchase of clean trucks – which implies larger incentives for German hauliers (than Swedish hauliers) to use cleaner trucks. As expected, the German fleet is cleaner than the Swedish fleet and the vehicle kilometres performed on German roads are cleaner than the vehicle kilometres performed on Swedish roads. There are spill over effects between the countries in the way that European hauliers have incentives to use their “cleanest trucks” in the countries that have introduced tolls differentiated by the latest emission class and their “dirtiest trucks” in the Eurovignette countries. The difference between the two groups of countries and the incentives to use the cleaner vehicles in the toll countries and the dirtier vehicles in the Eurovignette countries will increase as updates are planned for the tolls but not for the Eurovignette.
    Keywords: Freight transport; Pricing; Tolls
    JEL: R41 R48
    Date: 2012–10–19
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:ctswps:2012_022&r=tre
  2. By: Mogens Fosgerau (Technical University of Denmark - Technical University of Denmark); André De Palma (ENS Cachan - Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan - École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan)
    Abstract: We consider commuting in a congested urban area. While an efficient time-varying toll may eliminate queuing, a toll may not be politically feasible. We study the benefit of a substitute: a parking fee at the workplace. An optimal time-varying parking fee is charged at zero rate when there is queuing and eliminates queuing when the rate is non-zero. Within certain limits, inability to charge some drivers for parking does not reduce the potential welfare gain. Drivers who cannot be charged travel when there is queuing. In some cases, interaction between morning and evening commutes can be exploited to remove queuing completely.
    Keywords: parking; dynamic; congestion; urban; traffic
    Date: 2012–09–19
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-00742104&r=tre
  3. By: Ina De Vlieger (VITO); Dominique Gusbin; Bruno Hoornaert; Inge Mayeres (VITO); Marie Vandresse; Marlies Vanhulsel (VITO)
    Keywords: Emissions, Greenhouse gas, Long-term projection, Polluting substances, Passenger and freight transport
    JEL: Q25 R41
    Date: 2012–09–18
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpb:wpaper:1211&r=tre
  4. By: Marianne Fischman (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - CNRS : UMR8174 - Université Paris I - Panthéon Sorbonne); Emeric Lendjel (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - CNRS : UMR8174 - Université Paris I - Panthéon Sorbonne)
    Abstract: Recent research on maritime ports hinterlands points out the relevance of mass ground transport modes such as barge transport for enormous flows of containers to and from harbours, especially when a maritime port is located at the mouth of a river. Though, the modal share of container barge transport in French maritime ports (9% of TEU in Le Havre and 5% in Marseille in 2007) is significantly lower than elsewhere (32% in Rotterdam and 33% in Antwerp). Some reports and studies explain the viscosity of container barge transport flows as a result of several factors, generally concentrated around the seaport community. In continuation of previous seminal works, this paper adopts a neo-institutional approach (Williamson, 1985; 1996) of container barge transport to understand how the factors generating this viscosity are managed. Section 2 describes the characteristics of the transaction of container barge transport. Section 3 is devoted to its attributes (asset specificity, frequency, uncertainty). According to Williamson's (1996) remediableness criterion, the observed governance structure of a given transaction is presumed efficient and aligned to its attributes. Thus, Section 4 deals with observed governance structures of container barge transport chains with a focus on Le Havre, main French container seaport and shows how agents try to limit opportunism in ex-post haggling over quasi-rents or under-investments. Implementation of a new institutional environment to modify governance structures is analysed, and a comparison with currently implemented governance structures observed in Rhine is made. Finally, Section 5 suggests ways of dealing with the remaining coordination problems impeding the development of container barge transport in France.
    Keywords: container barge transport, transactional chain, transaction cost economics, interface seaport, governance structure
    Date: 2012
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:cesptp:halshs-00741127&r=tre
  5. By: Resiandini, Pramesti
    Abstract: This paper compares data on Japanese and Korean automobile exports to the United States to examine consistency with the Alchian-Allen theorem. The theorem suggests that imposing a per unit charge such as transport cost will lower the relative price and increase the relative consumption of higher quality cars. Results show that the relative price of higher-quality cars is not necessarily lower with increased shipping costs, measured by CIF charges (cost, insurance, and freight). A possible explanation is that insurance and other shipping charges are imposed based on the car price, and these charges reduce or eliminate the Alchian-Allen effect of per-unit freight charge.
    Keywords: International Trade; Transport Costs; Alchian-Allen Theorem; Dynamic OLS
    JEL: F14
    Date: 2012–07
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:41928&r=tre
  6. By: Mogens Fosgerau (Technical University of Denmark - Technical University of Denmark); André De Palma (ENS Cachan - Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan - École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan); Anders Karlstrom (KTH Stockolm - Royal Institute of Technology - Royal Institute of Technology); Kenneth A. Small (University of California - Department of Economics)
    Abstract: This note summarizes the results from the project SURPRICE: Trip timing and scheduling preferences. The general emphasis of this project is the importance of trip timing as a cause of congestion. It is important to recognize that departure time is a choice of travellers and that congestion arises because many travellers choose to travel at the same time. The design and evaluation of pricing schemes should explicitly take changes in departure time patterns into account, in particular with time-varying charges. Failure to take trip timing into account will lead to failure in identifying important benefits and will lead to less efficient pricing schemes.
    Keywords: trip timing; congestion; road pricing; charging; departure time choice; scheduling preferences
    Date: 2012–06–06
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-00742267&r=tre
  7. By: Schafer, Andreas
    Abstract: Transportation is vital to economic and social development, but at the same time generates undesired consequences on local, regional, and global scales. One of the largest challenges is the mitigation of energy-related carbon dioxide emissions, to which this sector already contributes one-quarter globally and one-third in the United States. Technology measures are the prerequisite for drastically mitigating energy use and all emission species, but they are not sufficient. The resulting need for complementing technology measures with behavioral change policies contrasts sharply with the analyses carried out by virtually all energy / economy / environment (E3) models, given their focus on pure technology-based solutions. This paper addresses the challenges for E3 models to simulate behavioral changes in transportation. A survey of 13 major models concludes that especially hybrid energy models would already be capable of simulating some behavioral change policies, most notably the imposition of the full marginal societal costs of transportation. Another survey of major macroscopic transportation models finds that key specifications required for simulating behavioral change have already been implemented and tested, albeit not necessarily on a global scale. When integrating these key features into E3 models, a wide range of technology and behavioral change policies could be analyzed.
    Keywords: Transport Economics Policy&Planning,Environmental Economics&Policies,Climate Change Economics,Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases,Roads&Highways
    Date: 2012–10–01
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:6234&r=tre
  8. By: Xavier Fageda (Faculty of Economics, University of Barcelona); Marta Gonzalez-Aregall (Faculty of Economics, University of Barcelona)
    Abstract: This article examines the determinants of traffic volumes and the revenues per tonne generated by Spain’s port authorities. The interest of the study lies on the strong differences between port authorities in a context of strict regulation but that provides some scope for price competition. We find that port charges influence the amount of traffic that a port is able to generate. Furthermore, we find clear evidence of local price competition and report mixed results for global competition. Revenues per tonne are higher in ports operating more international regular lines and with multinational terminal operators, while they are lower in ports with nearby competing facilities and where the market share of the dominant shipping firm is high.
    Keywords: ports, revenues, traffic, prices JEL classification: -
    Date: 2012–10
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ira:wpaper:201217&r=tre
  9. By: Emeric Lendjel (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - CNRS : UMR8174 - Université Paris I - Panthéon Sorbonne); Marianne Fischman (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - CNRS : UMR8174 - Université Paris I - Panthéon Sorbonne); Elisabeth Gouvernal (IFSTTAR/SPLOTT - Systèmes Productifs, Logistique, Organisation des Transports et Travail - IFSTTAR - Université Paris XII - Paris Est Créteil Val-de-Marne)
    Abstract: The modal share of container barging in French maritime ports (9% of TEU in Le Havre and 5% in Marseille in 2007) is significantly lower than elsewhere (32% in Rotterdam and 33% in Antwerp). Some reports and studies explain the viscosity of container barging flows as a result of several factors, generally concentrated around the seaport community. In continuation of previous seminal works, this paper adopts a neo-institutional approach (Williamson, 1985; 1996) of container barging to understand how the factors generating this viscosity are managed in the Rhône-Saône river basin. Section 1 describes the characteristics of the transaction of container barge transport. Section 2 deals with observed governance structures (Logirhône and RSC) of this transaction chain in the Rhône-Saône river basin and shows how vertical integration helps to control it. . Section 3 is devoted to the transaction' attributes (asset specificity, frequency, uncertainty) of this chain. It confirms Williamson (1996) remediableness criterion, i.e. that the observed governance structure of a given transaction is presumed efficient and aligned to its attributes. Finally, it shows that the development of container barge transport on the Rhône-Saône basin in France is not impeded by its degree of integration.
    Keywords: transport fluvial de conteneurs, bassin rhodanien, chaîne transactionnelle, structures de gouvernance
    Date: 2012–08
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:cesptp:halshs-00741130&r=tre
  10. By: Anand, Mukesh Kumar (National Institute of Public Finance and Policy)
    Abstract: This paper identifies the important economic activities that use diesel and discusses the contribution of those sectors in GDP. Other important petroleum products and, their limited substitution possibility in the extant technological setting are highlighted. The modal-mix for transportation in India is also discussed. The relevant policy agenda for diesel in the vision statement for hydrocarbon sector is presented along with a summary on evolution of petroleum products pricing regimes. The importance of petroleum taxes for public finance at the federal and provincial levels is discussed in the context of wider reforms in administration of taxes. The impact of changes in diesel and / or petroleum prices, including taxes and subsidies, is explored along a few dimensions. Cost of diesel (and / or petroleum products) as a proportion of total cost of production is presented for certain users / sectors, and some suggestions on reform imperatives are offered.
    Date: 2012–10
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:npf:wpaper:12/108&r=tre
  11. By: Berg, V.A.C. van den
    Date: 2012
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dgr:vuarem:2012-3&r=tre
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