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on Transport Economics |
| By: | EL-HOUSSAINE AGHEZZAF; Y. ZHONG; B. RAA; M. MATTEO |
| Abstract: | The single-vehicle cyclic inventory routing problem (SV-CIRP) consists of a repetitive distribution of a product from a single depot to a selected subset of customers. For each customer, selected for replenishments, the supplier collects a corresponding fixed reward. The objective is to determine the subset of customers to replenish, the quantity of the product to be delivered to each, and to design the vehicle route so that the resulting profit (difference between the total reward and the total logistical cost) is maximized while preventing stockouts at each of the selected customers. This problem appears often as a sub-problem in many logistical problems. In this paper, the SV-CIRP is formulated as a mixed-integer program with a nonlinear objective function. After a thorough analysis of the structure of the problem and its features, an exact algorithm for its solution is proposed. This exact algorithm requires only solutions of linear mixed-integer programs. Values of a savings-based heuristic for this problem are compared to the optimal values obtained for a set of some test problems. In general the gap may get as large as 25%, which justifies the effort to continue exploring and developing exact and approximation algorithms for the SV-CIRP. |
| Keywords: | Inventory-Routing, Nonlinear Mixed Integer Programming, Exact Algorithms. |
| Date: | 2011–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rug:rugwps:11/737&r=tre |
| By: | Masato Abe (Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific) |
| Abstract: | This working paper analyses the contribution of the Asia-Pacific automotive sector to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and the challenges and opportunities facing the sector in efforts to reduce those emissions, primarily carbon dioxide (CO2). The main purpose of this paper is to identify recommendations for appropriate policies and strategies as well as for regional cooperation, to ensure that future developments in the automotive sector contribute to mitigating and adapting to climate change. |
| Keywords: | climate change, vehicle carbon emission, automotive sector development, economic development |
| JEL: | F1 |
| Date: | 2011–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:esc:wpaper:10811&r=tre |
| By: | Christopher R. Knittel |
| Abstract: | The United States consumed more petroleum-based liquid fuel per capita than any other OECD-high-income country – 30 percent more than the second-highest country (Canada) and 40 percent more than the third-highest (Luxemburg). This paper examines the main channels through which reductions in U.S. oil consumption might take place: (a) increased fuel economy of existing vehicles, (b) increased use of non-petroleum-based low-carbon fuels, (c) alternatives to the internal combustion engine, and (d) reduced vehicles miles travelled. I then discuss how the policies for reducing petroleum consumption used in the US compare with the standard economics prescription for using a Pigouvian tax to deal with externalities. Taking into account that energy taxes are a political hot button in the United States, and also considering some evidence that consumers may not correctly value fuel economy, I offer some thoughts about the margins on which policy aimed at reducing petroleum consumption would have the largest impact on economic efficiency. |
| JEL: | H2 H5 L0 L4 L5 L9 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 R4 |
| Date: | 2012–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:17724&r=tre |