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on Transition Economics |
| By: | Natalia Shagaida (Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy); Vasily Uzun (RANEPA); Ekaterina Gataulina (RANEPA); Renata Yanbykh (RANEPA) |
| Abstract: | Проанализировано распределение полномочий по поддержке сельского хозяйства между федеральным центром и субъектами РФ, проведена сравнительная оценка уровней поддержки сельхозпроизводителей по субъектам РФ, в т. ч. за счет мер янтарной и зеленой корзин; дана оценка влияния мероприятий янтарной корзины на единство аграрного рынка в целом, а также на рынки основных видов продукции. На основе изучения опыта США, ЕС, Канады и результатов анализа практики Рос-сии предложены меры по синхронизации федеральной и региональных аграрных политик, обеспечения их соответствия требованиям ВТО. The authors analyzed distribution of powers regarding support of agriculture among the federal center and the constituents of the Russian Federation, conduct comparative assessment of the assistance level of agricultural producers across RF constituents, including at the expense of amber and green baskets. They give assessment of the impact of the amber basket on the unified agrarian market as a whole, as well as on the markets of basic types of produce. On the basis of the USA, EU and Canada experience and the findings of the Russian analysis they propose measures aimed at synchronization of the federal and regional agrarian policies ensuring they correspond the WTO requirements.. |
| Keywords: | Russian economy, agrarian reform, WTO |
| JEL: | Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gai:wpaper:141&r=all |
| By: | Natalia Shagaida (Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy); Vasily Uzun (RANEPA) |
| Abstract: | Систематизированы предпосылки проведения аграрной реформы в России; обобщена теория и практика ее осуществления, проведен сравнительный анализ Столыпинской и Ельцинской аграрных реформ; дана оценка положительных и отрицательных последствий реформирования; сформулированы уроки реформы, новые вызовы, стоящие в области структурной перестройки сельского хозяйства в условиях адаптации к меняющимся рыночным и политическим условиям. The authors classify preconditions for the implementation of the agrarian reform in Russia, They summarize theory and practice of its implementation, provide comparative analysis of Stolypin and Yeltsyn agrarian reforms, give assessment of the positive and negative results of the reform, formulate lessons of the reform, new challenges in the sphere of structural perestroika of agriculture amid adaptation to changing market and political climate. |
| Keywords: | Russian economy, agrarian reform, Stolypin reforms, Yeltsyn |
| JEL: | Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gai:wpaper:140&r=all |
| By: | Evgeny Gushchin (Foreign Trade Academy); Boris Taganov (RANEPA); M. Ptashkina (RANEPA); Roman Istomin (RANEPA) |
| Abstract: | Исследование посвящено изучению последствий либерализации внешней торговли Российской Федерации в процессе и в результате присоединения к ВТО, заключения преференциальных торговых соглашений, в том числе соглашений о свободной торговле со странами СНГ, создания Таможенного союза с Казахстаном и Белоруссией. Особое внимание в работе уделяется оценке целей российской торговой и интеграционной политики, достигнутых результатов. The paper deals with the study of the consequences of Russia's foreign trade liberalization in the wake of accession to the WTO, conclusion of preferential trade agreements including agreements on free trade with CIS member states, establishment of Customs Union with Kazakhstan and Belorus. Special attention is paid to the assessment to the targets of Russian trade and integration policy as well as to the achieved results. |
| Keywords: | Russian economy, foreign trade, WTO, Customs Union |
| JEL: | F10 F14 F15 F40 |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gai:wpaper:137&r=all |
| By: | Kireeva, Elena Yurievna (Russian presidental academy of national economy and public administration (RANEPA)) |
| Abstract: | The new system of Russian legislation, which occupies a central place the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 1993, was formed relatively recently. Under this system, new sources of constitutional law, has expanded the scope of the subject of constitutional-legal regulation, there was the emergence of qualitatively new legal institutions. As a consequence, one of the major challenges facing the legal science and practice today is not only an analysis of qualitative changes have occurred and trends of the constitutional laws of the Russian Federation, but also to develop concepts and forming solutions to its improvement and optimization. Can I lay the Constitution opportunities for long-term economic growth? Constitution began as the basic laws of power ("instrument of government"), as a compromise between the most influential and powerful groups leaders. The paper deals with examples of how the constitution can protect property rights and to promote long-term prosperity. |
| Keywords: | constitution, Russia, economic growth |
| Date: | 2015–09–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:ppaper:030915&r=all |
| By: | Gushchin, Evgeny (Russian Foreign Trade Academy); Taganov, Boris (Russian presidental academy of national economy and public administration (RANEPA)); Ptashkina, M. G. (Russian presidental academy of national economy and public administration (RANEPA)); Istomin, R. (Russian presidental academy of national economy and public administration (RANEPA)) |
| Abstract: | The paper deals with the study of the consequences of Russia's foreign trade liberalization in the wake of accession to the WTO, conclusion of preferential trade agreements including agreements on free trade with CIS member states, establishment of Customs Union with Kazakhstan and Belorus. Special attention is paid to the assessment to the targets of Russian trade and integration policy as well as to the achieved results. |
| Keywords: | Russian economy, foreign trade, WTO, Customs Union |
| Date: | 2015–09–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:ppaper:120915&r=all |
| By: | Suncana Slijepcevic (The Institute of Economics, Zagreb); Jelena Budak (The Institute of Economics, Zagreb); Edo Rajh (The Institute of Economics, Zagreb) |
| Abstract: | This study empirically evaluates the role and perspectives for SMEs to successfully compete at public procurement markets. The government procurement markets in post-transition countries make a significant share of national economy and seemingly their importance rises in the times of economic crisis. The literature on public procurement and involvement of SMEs noted severe obstacles for companies to access public procurement markets, and the set of policies were established in the EU to promote SMEs’ involvement in public procurement. This case study encompasses business sector in two post-transition countries, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) in order to explore competitiveness and entry barriers specifically for SMEs to participate at the public procurement market. We compare the views of managers and business people representing companies of the small and medium size on the level of competition and on the range and intensity of obstacles to participate at public procurement tenders, in terms of availability of resources, corruption risks, transparency and fairness of procedure, clarity of documentation, principles and standards achieved, price, deadlines and other dimensions of public procurement. If there are differences between the two countries, do they stem from the different EU membership status? Are there differences between subgroups of micro, small, and medium companies? In order to provide plausible answers to these questions, we use the empirical evidence collected through the survey of companies in BiH in 2014, and comparable data on Croatian companies surveyed in 2013. The findings are put in the context of public procurement as an opportunity to enhance growth and economic development in post-transition era. |
| Keywords: | public procurement, small and medium enterprises, post-transition countries, competition |
| JEL: | D73 H57 L25 |
| Date: | 2015–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iez:wpaper:1504&r=all |
| By: | Nazarov, Vladimir (Russian presidental academy of national economy and public administration (RANEPA)); Sisigina, Natalia (Russian presidental academy of national economy and public administration (RANEPA)) |
| Abstract: | This paper is aimed to analyze the international experience of the use of health savings accounts and possibilities of their application in the Russian practice. In the conditions of insufficient public spending on health it is particularly important to search for new mechanisms to pay for healthcare that can attract additional resources in the sector and improve the efficiency of spending. Medical savings accounts are also of interest to the Russian health care as one of the possible tools of drug insurance, provided by the drug provision of the population of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025. The work deals with national models and possible future applications of medical savings accounts, as well as the specifics of the Russian market, influencing the choice of the model and the success of its implementation. The final chapter of the work gives general advice on incorporation of medical savings accounts in the public health system of the Russian Federation. |
| Keywords: | Russian economy, health savings accounts, health reform |
| JEL: | I11 I13 I14 I15 I18 |
| Date: | 2015–10–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:ppaper:om07&r=all |
| By: | Yusupov, Vitaly (Russian presidental academy of national economy and public administration (RANEPA)) |
| Abstract: | This is a study of the implementation of the administrative reform in Russia and, in particular, its most important stage - the improvement of public and municipal services. The study was conducted from the standpoint of science of administrative law. We justify a number of practical suggestions for improving the administrative legislation.This is a study of the implementation of the administrative reform in Russia and, in particular, its most important stage - the improvement of public and municipal services. The study was conducted from the standpoint of science of administrative law. We justify a number of practical suggestions for improving the administrative legislation. |
| Keywords: | administrative reform, Russia |
| Date: | 2015–09–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:ppaper:050915&r=all |
| By: | Andrey Aistov (National Research University Higher School of Economics); Ekaterina Aleksandrova (National Research University Higher School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | This work is devoted to estimating the individual return to worker's professional training. This empirical research is based on unique monthly data, comprised of the personnel records of workers in a Russian metallurgical enterprise between 2006-2010. Using the original time distributed difference-in-differences technique we control for the effect of workers' mobility and the "non-parallel" dynamics of earnings in estimates. A qualitative comparison of mobility in trained and control groups is also made by Kaplan-Meier survival curves. The main factors that distinguish this paper from others are the following. (I) We focused on the internal labour market, concluding that it has common peculiarities of wage setting concerned with training as an open labour market. (II) We show that mobility-friendly training programs give high returns, and not only in transition economies. (III) We suggest controlling for mobility by choosing a corresponding control group. (IV) We use a robust new specication that is reactive to dierent dynamics of the dependent variable in treated and control groups in dierence-in-dierences estimates. (V) We compared three dierent kinds of training and our conclusions could have practical application (at least in Russian context). The best way to raise personal earnings is on-the-job training. The internal mobility caused by retraining courses was the same impact on workers as if they lacked retraining. The wages of workers trained in the same eld grow randomly for a few months before and after training. Nevertheless it is dicult to prove the causal eect of this kind of training on wage growth. |
| Keywords: | earnings function, Mincerian type equation, dierence-in-dierences, treatment eect, personnel records, panel data, internal labour market, training, retrain courses, return to training, mobility, Kaplan-Meier, survival curve. |
| JEL: | J24 J31 M51 M53 |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hig:wpaper:101/ec/2015&r=all |
| By: | Hermine Vidovic (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw) |
| Abstract: | Summary The study focuses on cross-border mobility in the Western Balkans, which has been identified in the SEE 2020 Strategy as contributing positively to generating employment, reducing the skills mismatch and increasing the productivity of the countries of the region. So far labour market liberalisation in the Western Balkans has made little progress; almost all countries rely on quota regimes. With the exception of Montenegro and Croatia, the majority of labour migrants come from outside the region, a significant share of them with higher education. Regional migrants are generally lower skilled than workers from outside. Montenegro attracts the major part of regional migrants, while Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina are the biggest sending countries. Potential migration/labour flows of the Western Balkan countries within the region and into the EU-14 and the new EU Member States-10 are analysed by adopting a gravity modelling approach. Accordingly, lifting restrictions on labour market access increases strongly both migration flows to EU-14 as well as intra-regional flows. If macroeconomic indicators (employment rates and GDP per capita) improve further in the Western Balkans then this causes a certain amount of redirection of mobility from extra-regional mobility (i.e. less migration to EU-14) to more intra-regional mobility. |
| Keywords: | mobility Western Balkans, migration projections, gravity model |
| JEL: | J11 J61 F22 |
| Date: | 2015–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wii:rpaper:rr:408&r=all |
| By: | Samantha B. Rawlings (University of Aberdeen) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the impact of parental education on child health, exploiting a compulsory schooling law implemented in China in 1986 that extended schooling from 6 to 9 years. It finds that it is maternal, rather than paternal, education that matters most for child health. There are also important differences in the effect according to child gender. An additional year of mother’s education raises boys height-for-age by 0.163 standard deviations, whilst there is no statistically significant effect on girls height. Parental education appears to have little effect on weight-for-age of children. Estimated effects on height are driven by the rural sample, where an additional year of mother’s education raises boys height for age by 0.228 standard deviations and lowers the probability of a boy being classified as stunted by 6.6 percentage points. Results therefore suggest that - at least in rural areas - son preference in China has additional impacts beyond the sex-ratio at birth. |
| Keywords: | Intergenerational Mobility, Health, China |
| JEL: | C21 I12 I21 |
| Date: | 2015–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:duh:wpaper:1511&r=all |
| By: | Cull,Robert J.; Gan,Li; Gao,Nan; Xu,L. Colin |
| Abstract: | Using a new and representative data set of Chinese household finance, this paper documents household access to and costs of finance, along with their correlates. As in most developing countries, informal finance is a crucial element of household finance, and wealth tends to be associated with better access to formal and informal finance. Better financial knowledge shifts loan portfolios toward formal sources relative to informal ones. Connections to the Communist Party are associated with significantly better access to finance in rural areas but not in urban areas. A larger social network is positively associated with access to informal finance. Controlling for household characteristics, rural residents pay interest rates on loans similar to urban residents. Younger residents pay higher rates, while households on firmer economic footing face lower rates. Taking financial classes and college education is associated with higher interest rates for urban residents, suggesting perhaps that financial knowledge coincides with greater demand for credit in areas with more economic opportunity. Overall, the findings suggest that Chinese residents face dual credit markets, with the poor, young, those with poor financial knowledge, and those with larger family sizes relying much more on informal finance, while others are better able to access formal finance. |
| Keywords: | Access to Finance,Bankruptcy and Resolution of Financial Distress,Debt Markets,Banks&Banking Reform,Financial Literacy |
| Date: | 2015–10–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:7454&r=all |
| By: | Lili Yan ING (Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA) and University of Indonesia); Miaojie YU (CCER, Peking University) |
| Abstract: | The main value added of our paper is twofold. First, we construct a theoretical framework on how South–South trade will affect productivity cut-offs. Second, we present empirical exercises using highly disaggregated data. Our model is based on the South–South–North trade framework. Using a vertical integration among Southern countries (Indonesia and China) and testing it by employing merged Chinese firms and customs trade data, we find that three types of tariff reductions—foreign tariff reductions, home output tariff reductions, and home input tariff reductions—significantly increase home country firm productivity and exports via extensive and intensive margins. Our findings are robust using ex-ante and expost productivity. |
| Keywords: | China, Indonesia, Tariff, Exports, Manufacturing |
| JEL: | F1 F13 F14 |
| Date: | 2015–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:era:wpaper:dp-2015-70&r=all |
| By: | M. Albert; C. Jude; C. Rebillard |
| Abstract: | After three decades of rapid growth, the Chinese economy has been slowing; at the same time, concerns about the sustainability of its growth model are mounting, calling for urgent rebalancing. This paper provides an assessment of how, and to what extent, the rebalancing process may impact China’s potential growth in the next fifteen years. After reviewing the main reasons behind China’s high growth and imbalances (and the role of factor price distortions), as well as its rising vulnerabilities (overinvestment, excessive credit growth, and a real estate bubble), we adopt a production function approach to derive potential growth. However we depart from the standard methodology in two important ways: first, we correct China’s capital stock for overinvestment by taking into account the credit cycle; second, we disentangle the effects of sectoral reallocations from within-sector productivity, allowing for a better assessment of the expected shift from manufacturing to services. Our results indicate that growth would be currently slightly higher than its potential, with a positive output gap, thus questioning the rationale for additional stimulus measures. Moreover, in our scenario potential growth would fall more quickly than currently expected by the Consensus, to around 5 percent by 2020. |
| Keywords: | China, potential growth, overinvestment, credit cycle, sectoral reallocations, rebalancing. |
| JEL: | E22 E24 E32 E51 O11 O47 |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bfr:banfra:572&r=all |
| By: | Xiao, Mimi |
| Abstract: | This thesis conducts empirical analysis on the intergenerational transmission of adiposity, using various types of data from various countries; the same intergenerational transmission in China and how it varies with the family socioeconomic factors and age levels; the way in which health impinges on the decision to migrate in China. In the first empirical chapter we find that the intergenerational elasticity of adiposity is relatively constant – at 0.2 per parent, and this elasticity is comparable across time and countries. Quantile estimates suggest that this intergenerational transmission mechanism is more than double for the fattest children as it is for the thinnest children. The second empirical chapter examines the intergenerational transmission of adiposity in China: we use BMI z-score as another measure of adiposity, the longitudinal structure of CHNS data (1993-2009) allows us to control for individual fixed effects or family fixed effects and focus on changes in BMI z-score over the life cycle. We report patterns of the intergenerational relationship of BMI z-score varying by family socio-economic factors and the age of the child, the magnitude of this relationship reaches the peak over the stage between childhood and later adolescence. In the third empirical chapter, which also uses the CHNS data, we examine whether migrants are healthier than those who do not migrate in the places of origin in the context of internal migration in China. Based on the relative wage rates, costs of migration and the assumption of optimization, we set up a theoretical model and estimate the effects of health on the migration probability, we find that people self-evaluating as having “good” or “excellent” health are more likely to migrate, this health effects vary with the type of occupation, we also find evidence on the indirect health effects which operates through the education attainment. |
| Date: | 2015–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sus:susphd:0515&r=all |
| By: | Anna Mironova (National Research University Higher School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | This paper analyses the relation between trust as the element of social capital and individual subjective life satisfaction. It answers the question of whether trustful people are happier than suspicious people. Using the concept of social capital, we consider three main types of trust: general, institutional and social. The article estimates the level of trust in Russia using data from value research in two federal districts in Russia. This research was conducted by the Centre for Comparative Social Research in summer 2012. The main hypothesis, that there a positive relationship between the level of trust and subjective life satisfaction, was tested using the method of structural equation modelling. |
| Keywords: | social capital, trust, subjective life satisfaction. |
| JEL: | Z |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hig:wpaper:42psy2015&r=all |
| By: | Alexander Nikulin (RANEPA); Irina Trotsuk (RANEPA); Inna Kopoteva (RANEPA) |
| Abstract: | В работе обобщен российский и зарубежный (Скандинавские страны, Финляндия, США, Канада) опыт сельского развития на региональных и локальных уровнях, рассмотрены государственные, бизнес- и негосударственные-некоммерческие программы и проекты сельского развития, позволяющие сформулировать некоторые прогнозы и предложения для сельского развития северных территорий Российской Федерации с учетом зарубежного опыта. This paper sums up Russian and international (Scandinavian countries, Finland, USA and Canada) experience regarding agricultural development at regional and local levels. Authors analyzed state, business and non-governmental and non-commercial projects and programs of agricultural development which allow to formulate certain projections and proposals for the agricultural development of northern territories of the Russian Federation taking into consideration international experience in this sphere. |
| Keywords: | Russian economy, risk agriculture, northern territories |
| JEL: | Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gai:wpaper:139&r=all |
| By: | Kofanov, D. A. (Russian presidental academy of national economy and public administration (RANEPA)); Mikhailova, T. (Russian presidental academy of national economy and public administration (RANEPA)); Shurygin, Anton (Russian presidental academy of national economy and public administration (RANEPA)) |
| Abstract: | This paper deals with the analysis of geographical concentration of industrial sectors in the Soviet Union. Distribution of economic activity in geographical space of Russia is the result of long years of development in the framework of the Soviet system. It is important to understand how and in what respect economic geography of Russia differs from othe countries which developed under the market conditions. It is necessary in order to develop correct measures of economy policy at present. |
| Keywords: | Russian economy, geographic economy |
| Date: | 2015–09–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:ppaper:130915&r=all |
| By: | Aleh Mazol (Belarusian Economic Research and Outreach Center (BEROC)) |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the development of local self-governance in the Republic of Belarus. Attention is paid to the theoretical foundations of local self-governance, advantages and disadvantages of decentralization, assessment of its impact on economic growth, to the analysis of the existing system of local self-governance in the Republic of Belarus, including directions for its improvement. The main advantages of decentralization of local self-governance are the reduction of corruption, taxes and the size of local administrations, as well as informational advantage of local authorities on the needs of local population. The development of local self-governance should be directed to the implementation of deconcentration of the administrative-territorial division, reasonable centralization of local Executive Committees in combination with real empowerment of local Councils of deputies, to the improvement of the mechanism of alignment and balancing of local budgets, as well as development of the financial base of local financial management and intergovernmental relations. |
| Date: | 2015–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bel:ppaper:22&r=all |
| By: | Tatyana Maleva (RANEPA); Maria Kirillova (RANEPA); Nikita Mkrtchyan (RANEPA); Yulia Florinskaya (RANEPA); Victor Lyashok (RANEPA) |
| Abstract: | В рамках данной работы рассматривается внутреннее перераспределение трудовых ресурсов (внутренняя миграция), характеристики внешней трудовой миграции, изучается кадровый потенциала и потенциала повышения производительности экономики на примере региональных рынков труда. Эмпирической основой анализа региональных рынков труда является комплексное исследование, объединяющее опрос представителей руководства предприятий и населения в возрасте экономической активности двух регионов Российской Федерации, наиболее полно репрезентирующих изучаемые процессы. The authors analyse domestic redistribution of labor resources (domestic migration), characteristics of external labor migration, analyse personnel potential and increase of productivity on the example of regional labor markets. They provide empirical analysis of regional labor markets within complex investigation of enterprises and their employees. |
| Keywords: | Russian economy, labor market, domestic labor migration |
| JEL: | F22 J11 J61 J62 |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gai:wpaper:142&r=all |
| By: | Maryia Akulava (Belarusian Economic Research and Outreach Center (BEROC)) |
| Abstract: | The development of a private sector and the expansion of its role in the economy is one of the key goals repeatedly announced by the Belarusian authorities. The reforms carried out in Belarus in 2006-2014 moved the country from 106th to 57th position in the World Bank Doing Business ranking. The official statement is that reforms boosted the rapid development of business initiatives and its impact on economic development. Unfortunately, there is no clear confirmation of this statement. The absence of a transparent and clear methodology in Belarusian statistics on how to evaluate the role of the private sector makes it difficult to evaluate the exact input of the Belarusian business in the economy and compare its role to other countries. |
| Keywords: | ìàëûé áèçíåñ, ÷àñòíûé ñåêòîð, âêëàä è ó÷àñòèå |
| JEL: | L25 L26 L50 |
| Date: | 2015–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bel:ppaper:24&r=all |
| By: | Magomedov, Kerem Osmanovich (Russian presidental academy of national economy and public administration (RANEPA)); Ponomarenko, Boris Timofeevich (Russian presidental academy of national economy and public administration (RANEPA)); Sulåmov, Vlàdimir (Russian presidental academy of national economy and public administration (RANEPA)); Rybakova, I N (Russian presidental academy of national economy and public administration (RANEPA)) |
| Abstract: | The submission discusses various aspects of the problem of corruption in the system of public service and control, the results of content - media analysis and sociological research on personnel corruption in the state and municipal management, defined indicators for assessing the effectiveness of anti-corruption. As the main subject of sociological analysis appears cadre corruption and its threat to the system of state and municipal government, for the whole of Russian society. |
| Keywords: | corruption, public service, personnel |
| Date: | 2015–09–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:ppaper:080915&r=all |
| By: | Kateryna Bornukova (Belarusian Economic Research and Outreach Center (BEROC)); Katerina Lisenkova (National Institute of Economic and Social Research); Anastasia Luzgina (Belarusian Economic Research and Outreach Center (BEROC)) |
| Abstract: | The pension system of Belarus is inherited from USSR. It is gender-biased and does not contribute to economic development. Obsolescence of the system and demographic situation in Belarus make pension system reforms inevitable. Under the current pension system the deficit of the Pension fund will reach 1.8% of GDP by 2020. Transition to the fully-funded pension system is not possible until macroeconomic stabilization is achieved. In the medium term only parameters of current pension system can be reformed. Equating of retirement age of females and males with gradual increase of pension age to 65/65 is the most effective measure among all available alternatives. It will provide not only the financial stability of the Pension fund, but will also increase labor force participation, which will become the engine of economic growth. |
| Date: | 2015–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bel:ppaper:30&r=all |
| By: | Narciso Gaia |
| Abstract: | This paper provides an overview of the characteristics of migrant households and analyses the effects of migration in Vietnam, on the basis of the Vietnam Access to Resources Household Survey conducted in 2012 and 2014. The data reveal significant movemen |
| Keywords: | Emigrant remittances, Households, Labor mobility, Microeconomics, Migration, Internal |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp2015-095&r=all |
| By: | Bussolo,Maurizio; Simone,Schotte; Matytsin,Mikhail |
| Abstract: | Using household data from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey, this paper assesses how aging affects saving. To overcome a systematic bias against the life-cycle hypothesis of survey data, the paper estimates how the age profile of saving changes when the micro data are corrected to account for the contribution to pensions (as additional saving) and receipt of benefits from pensions (as dissaving). With these corrections, the Russian data support the life-cycle hypothesis. A small decline in the aggregate saving rate, because of aging, can thus be expected. However, since aggregate saving rates result from a combination of age and cohort effects, this decline may not be significant. When extrapolating the rising trends of the cohort effect, the fact that younger generations are earning and saving more than older generation at the same age, the projection shows a growing aggregate saving rate. The changes in saving of future cohorts, for example because of changes in the growth rate of the economy, can affect the aggregate saving rate even more than aging. |
| Keywords: | Science Education,Economic Theory&Research,Debt Markets,Banks&Banking Reform,Emerging Markets |
| Date: | 2015–10–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:7443&r=all |
| By: | VO Tri Thanh (Central Institute for Economic Management (CIEM), Viet Nam); NGUYEN Anh Duong (Central Institute for Economic Management (CIEM), Viet Nam); BUI Trinh (General Statistics Office (GSO), Viet Nam) |
| Abstract: | This paper seeks answers to two questions – (i) whether Viet Nam is depending more on imported products to meet its export growth; and (ii) whether export growth brings about sufficient benefits for the domestic economy. Apart from reviewing trade data and existing literature, the authors calculate domestic value added in Viet Nam’s exports by sector, using input–output tables for 2007 and 2011. The inducement impact of exports on the economy and income decreased in 2007– 2011. The domestic value added content of exports exhibited a complicated pattern, though overall exports increased. The gross benefits are even higher due to the drastic increase in exports. This relieves the concern about decreasing benefits from trade; the priority should be to focus on ensuring better diffusion of exports to domestic aggregate economic activity and achieving higher gross returns on various production factors. Moreover, Viet Nam should deepen linkages between multinational enterprises and local firms and adopt a more targeted industrial policy. |
| Keywords: | Economic integration; regional production network; Input–Output; vertical specialisation. |
| JEL: | F14 F15 |
| Date: | 2015–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:era:wpaper:dp-2015-72&r=all |
| By: | Bojinov, Bojidar |
| Abstract: | The study aims to outline the specifics related with the emergence and development of banking supervision in Bulgaria.The analyzed time period is divided into three parts, which reflect development of the Bulgarian state. The first period focuses on the development of banking supervision in the newly created Third Bulgarian State (1883-1944) and reflects different aspects of its institutionalization. The second period (1944-1989) focuses on changes in the banking supervision after the nationalization of the banking sector and the imposition of centrally planned economy in Bulgaria. Analysis of the third period (after 1989) focuses on the problems of the banking system and bank supervision in transition to market relations. |
| Keywords: | banks, bank supervision, Bulgarian national bank, history |
| JEL: | B00 G21 |
| Date: | 2015–10–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:67235&r=all |
| By: | Dzmitry Kruk (Belarusian Economic Research and Outreach Center (BEROC)) |
| Abstract: | This policy paper deals with the phenomena of dollarization and prospects of de-dollarization policies in Belarus. During last two decades Belarus has been a highly dollarized economy. Recently, the authorities declared a campaign of de-dollarization, which, however, focuses mainly on de-dollarization of payments. Such a policy is unlikely to become effective. We show that Belarus suffers from all possible forms of dollarization that interact with each other, forming a kind of vicious circle. Through this, de-dollarization policies, if needed in general, must be systemic and consider different forms of dollarization. We show that strategically Belarus is situated in ‘boarder-line’ area between the options of autonomous monetary policy and official dollarization. If deferring to autonomous monetary policy, a sequence of systemic de-dollarization policies is crucial for its effectiveness. The mix of the policies depends on the scope of different forms of dollarization. However, there is no precise assessment for real dollarization in Belarus (which is the direction for future research). Hence, we formulate a number of scenarios of such policies for cases with different intensity of real dollarization. |
| Keywords: | äîëëàðèçàöèÿ, äåäîëëàðèçàöèÿ, ðåàëüíàÿ äîëëàðèçàöèÿ, ôèíàíñîâàÿ äîëëàðèçàöèÿ, äîëëàðèçàöèÿ ðàñ÷åòîâ, ðåæèì ìîíåòàðíîé ïîëèòèêè. |
| JEL: | E42 E44 E52 E58 E61 |
| Date: | 2015–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bel:ppaper:23&r=all |
| By: | Christian Dustmann (University College London); Francesco Fasani (Queen Mary University); Xin Meng (Australian National University); Luigi Minale (Universidad Carlos III de Madrid) |
| Abstract: | This paper analyses the relation between individual migrations and the risk attitudes of other household members when migration is a household decision. We develop a simple model that implies that which members migrate depends on the distribution of risk attitudes among all household members, and that the risk diversification gain to other household members may induce migrations that would not take place in an individual framework. Using unique data for China on risk attitudes of internal (rural-urban) migrants and the families left behind, we empirically test three key implications of the model: (i) that conditional on migration gains, less risk averse individuals are more likely to migrate; (ii) that within households, the least risk averse individual is more likely to emigrate; and (iii) that across households, the most risk averse households are more likely to send migrants as long as they have at least one family member with sufficiently low risk version. Our results not only provide strong evidence that migration decisions are taken on a household level but also that the distribution of risk attitudes within the household affects whether a migration takes place and who will emigrate. |
| Keywords: | risk aversion, internal migration, risk diversification, China |
| JEL: | J61 R23 D81 |
| Date: | 2015–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:crm:wpaper:1514&r=all |
| By: | Bojinov, Bojidar |
| Abstract: | The study aims to outline the specifics related with the emergence and development of banking in Bulgaria. The analyzed time period is divided into four parts, wich reflect development of the Bulgarian state. The first period covers the years before the establishment of the Third Bulgarian State (until 1878) and covers development of banking relations in the Ottoman Empire on the territory of the Bulgarian lands. The second period focuses on the development of banking in the newly created Third Bulgarian State (1878-1944) and reflects different aspects of the institutionalization of the state and banks. Third period (1944-1989) focuses on devolution changes in the banking sector came after the nationalization of the banking sector and the imposition of centrally planned economy in Bulgaria. Analysis of the fourth period (after 1989) focuses on the problems of the banking system transition to market relations, and on the causes of the banking crisis (1996-1997). |
| Keywords: | banks, central bank, Bulgarian national bank, history |
| JEL: | B00 G21 |
| Date: | 2015–10–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:67234&r=all |
| By: | Markussen Thomas |
| Abstract: | This paper exploits five waves of the Vietnam Access to Resources Household Survey (VARHS) to investigate issues of social and political capital in rural Viet Nam. I analyse membership of the Communist Party, `mass organizations´ (Farmers´ Union, Women. |
| Keywords: | Economic development, Families, Household surveys, Households, Intergovernmental fiscal relations, Labor unions, Land tenure, Local government, Microeconomics, Social capital (Sociology) |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp2015-087&r=all |
| By: | Oleksandr Vashkiv |
| Abstract: | This work investigates the structure of basic industrial funds of cargo motor transport enterprises and peculiarities of the processes of their reproduction in the conditions of social and economic relations transformation. On the basis of statistic data of cargo-motor transport enterprises of Ivano-Frankivsk, Lviv and Ternopil regions the author investigates the effect of production factors on the level of capital productivity of the basic funds, he determines reserves of its increase. The author motivates the necessity of adaptive qualitative changes in the management and realization of industrial potential and innovations activization in the sphere of cargo motor transportations, scientiffically grounded recommendations for efficiency increase of the usage of basic industrial funds of cargo motor transportation enterprises in modern economic conditions are provided in this work. |
| Date: | 2015–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:1510.05698&r=all |
| By: | Mikhailova, T. (Russian presidental academy of national economy and public administration (RANEPA)) |
| Abstract: | In general, the results extend our knowledge about the effectiveness of regional policy in the short and in the long term. In particular, they allow us to understand, have any of the measures of the Soviet regional policy irreversible effect on the spatial structure of the Russian economy, and, if so, their effectiveness depends on natural features of the terrain. |
| Keywords: | regional policy, Russia, cities |
| Date: | 2015–09–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:ppaper:010915&r=all |
| By: | Liang Chen (Economics and Management School, Wuhan University, Luojia Hill, Wuhan, China, 430072); Garrett Johnson (Simon Business School, University of Rochester, 3-206 Carol Simon Hall, Box 270100, Rochester, NY 14627); Yao Luo (Department of Economics, University of Toronto, Max Gluskin House 322, 150 St. George Street, Toronto) |
| Abstract: | Alibaba’s Taobao is China’s dominant C2C e-commerce platform. Relying on novel transaction level data from its electronics category, this paper examines the roles of distance as well as seller and buyer experience in Chinese e-commerce. Our estimate of a gravity model shows that the distance elasticity in our data is greater than US C2C e-commerce but smaller than that of South America. In addition, we document greater home bias in China than either of the US or South American Settings. Moreover, by estimating a “new-new” trade model using seller-level transaction data, this paper studies the link between seller experience and distance. Our results show that more experienced sellers tend to sell more and export their goods farther into the marketplace. |
| Keywords: | e-commmerce, China, gravity, distance, domestic trade, Internet marketing |
| JEL: | F10 F14 L86 |
| Date: | 2015–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:net:wpaper:1514&r=all |
| By: | Kalina Manova; Zhihong Yu |
| Abstract: | The fragmentation of production across borders allows firms to make and export final goods, or to perform only intermediate stages of production by processing imported inputs for re-exporting. We examine how financial frictions affect companies' choice between processing and ordinary trade - implicitly a choice of production technology and position in global supply chains - and how this decision affects performance. We exploit matched customs and balance-sheet data from China, where exports are classified as ordinary trade, import-and-assembly processing trade (processing firm sources and pays for imported inputs), and pure-assembly processing trade (processing firm receives foreign inputs for free). Value added, profits and profitability rise from pure assembly to processing with imports to ordinary trade. However, more profitable trade regimes require more working capital because they entail higher up-front costs. As a result, credit constraints induce firms to conduct more processing trade and pure assembly in particular, and preclude them from pursuing higher value-added, more profitable activities. Financial market imperfections thus impact the organization of production across firms and countries, and inform optimal trade and development policy in the presence of global production networks. |
| Keywords: | China, trade regime, processing trade, global value chain, credit constraints, heterogeneous firms |
| JEL: | F10 F13 F14 F23 F34 G32 |
| Date: | 2015–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepdps:dp1377&r=all |
| By: | Newman Carol; Zhang Mengyang |
| Abstract: | We explore the relationship between connections and public transfers in decentralized poverty-targeting programmes. Using panel data from Vietnam we find evidence that households with connections to local government are more likely to be classified as poo |
| Keywords: | Sociological aspects (Economics), Households, Microeconomics, Poverty, Public welfare |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp2015-031&r=all |
| By: | Bojinov, Bojidar |
| Abstract: | The study aims to outline the specifics related with the emergence and development of central banking in Bulgaria. Established in 1879 as an ordinary commercial bank, Bulgarian National Bank experienced a number of ups and downs in its 130 year history. In its evolutionary development, it became a central issue and Bank of Bulgaria in 1928. In the years of socialism, Bulgarian National Bank is experiencing its devolution development to become in the period 1971-1982 in the only bank in country (monobank system). With the transition to a market conomy in 1991, the National Bank again returned to its independence and autonomy. After the banking crisis of 1996-1997, the National Bank began operating in the currency board arrangement. |
| Keywords: | banks, central bank, Bulgarian national bank, history |
| JEL: | B00 G21 |
| Date: | 2015–10–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:67233&r=all |
| By: | Erokhova, Maria (Russian presidental academy of national economy and public administration (RANEPA)) |
| Abstract: | The paper commented on the points of the joint Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court and the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation of 29.04.2010 ¹ 10/22 «On some issues arising in judicial practice in the resolution of disputes relating to the protection of property rights and other proprietary rights" and the resolution of the Plenum Russian Federation of 04.04.2014 ¹ 22 "On some issues the award to the collector of funds for non-enforcement of the act." On the legal positions expressed in abstract explanations, the author tried to look from the perspective of how they were understood in the jurisprudence, which of the positions will remain relevant after the reform of the Civil Code and the abolition of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation. |
| Keywords: | property rights, civil code, supreme court, Russia |
| Date: | 2015–09–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:ppaper:040915&r=all |
| By: | Engelschalk,Michael; Loeprick,Jan |
| Abstract: | The paper analyzes the design of simplified small business tax regimes in Eastern Europe and Central Asia and the impact of such regimes on small business tax compliance. Although many approaches for tax simplification exist, a general trend in the region is to offer small businesses the option to be taxed based on their turnover instead of net income. The study finds that many of the regimes in place are overly simplistic and neither take into account fairness considerations nor do they facilitate business growth and migration into the standard tax regime. Although revenue generation is not a main objective of such regimes, low revenue performance and the risk of system abuse by larger businesses should be issues of concern. More attention should therefore be devoted to improving the design of simplified regimes and monitoring their application. This will require in particular a more profound analysis of the economic situation and the tax compliance challenges in the small business segment and increased efforts to improve the quality of bookkeeping. |
| Keywords: | E-Business,Tax Law,Debt Markets,Emerging Markets,Taxation&Subsidies |
| Date: | 2015–10–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:7449&r=all |
| By: | Singhal Saurabh; Beck Ulrik |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the ethnic disadvantage in rural Vietnam, focusing on the magnitude of the majority.minority gap and the constraints on ethnic minority households that contribute to the gap. Using a biannual panel dataset spanning the period 200 |
| Keywords: | Equality and inequality, Ethnic relations, Households, Income, Minorities |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp2015-097&r=all |
| By: | Amadou Boly |
| Abstract: | This paper presents new evidence on the study of income mobility in Ecuador over the period 2004�..11. We utilize longitudinal data of individual income File-URL: http://www.wider.unu.edu/publications/wo rking-papers/2015/en_GB/wp2015-039/_file s/93548957648879904/default/wp2015-039.p df |
| Keywords: | inequality, inequality of opportunity, Uganda, great recession |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp2015-038&r=all |