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on Technology and Industrial Dynamics |
| By: | Edquist , Charles (CIRCLE, Lund University) |
| Abstract: | The concept of a holistic innovation policy is defined in this article, with discussions of what it is, why it is relevant, and how it can be implemented to enhance product innovation. It is shown that the innovation systems approach has diffused rapidly during the latest decades and has completely replaced the linear view in the field of innovation research. The majority of European countries are striving in the direction of developing a more holistic innovation policy. However, it is concluded that the innovation policies in European countries are still dominantly linear despite the fact that holistic policy seems to be the driving vision. Innovation policy is behindhand. Why innovation policy is still linear is also preliminarily discussed. Policymakers attending conferences on innovation are practically always in favor of holistic (systemic, broad-based, comprehensive, etc) innovation policies, have abandoned the linear view by learning from innovation research. The division between “linear” and “holistic” seems to be located within the community where innovation policies are designed and implemented, a community composed of policymakers (administrators/bureaucrats) and elected politicians. Perhaps the dividing line is between these two groups in that politicians, who actually make the decisions, may still reflexively believe in the linear view. Nevertheless, there seems to be a failure in communication between researchers and politicians in the field of innovation and there is therefore a strong need to involve innovation researchers in policy design and implementation to a much higher degree. Another way to increase the degree of holism could be to separate innovation policy from research policy, since their integration tends to cement the linear character of innovation policy. The empirical results are based on a questionnaire sent to twenty-three EU Member States, out of which nineteen (83%) responded. Part of the work for this article was carried out for the European Research and Innovation Area Committee (ERAC) of the European Commission (DG RTD). |
| Keywords: | Innovation; innovation policy; holistic innovation policy; research policy; the linear view; systems of innovation |
| JEL: | L38 M38 O25 O31 O32 O33 |
| Date: | 2014–10–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:lucirc:2014_022&r=tid |
| By: | Francesco Bogliacino (Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz, Bogotá - Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá); Mariacristina Piva (DISCE, Università Cattolica; DISCE, Università Cattolica) |
| Abstract: | After discussing theory regarding the consequences of technological change on employment, our aim is to test the possible job creation effect of business R&D expenditures, using a unique longitudinal database covering 677 European firms (1990-2008). The main outcome from the dynamic LSDVC (Least Squared Dummy Variable Corrected) estimate is the labour-friendly nature of companies’ R&D, the coefficient of which turns out to be statistically significant. However, the positive impact of R&D on employment is only detectable in services and high-tech manufacturing. This is something that should be borne in mind by European policy makers having employment as one of their aims. |
| Keywords: | Innovation, Employment, Manufacturing, Services, LSDVC |
| JEL: | O33 |
| Date: | 2014–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ctc:serie5:ispe0069&r=tid |
| By: | Luisa Gagliardi; Giovanni Marin; Caterina Miriello |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the link between environment related innovation and job creation at firm level. Employing Italian data on 4,507 manufacturing firms, matched with patent records for the period 2001-2008, we test whether “green” innovation, measured using the number of environment related patents, has a positive effect on long run employment growth that is specific with respect to non environmental innovation. Results show a strong positive impact of “green” innovation on long run job creation, substantially bigger than the effect of other innovations. Our findings are robust to a number of additional tests including controls for cost differential between generic and “green” innovation and endogeneity. |
| Keywords: | Technological Change, Eco-Innovation, Employment |
| JEL: | O33 Q55 J21 |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bcu:iefewp:iefewp60&r=tid |
| By: | Sahu, Santosh Kumar; Krishnan, Narayanan |
| Abstract: | Obtaining ISO certification has become a status symbol for adopting environmentally benign practices for the corporate sector in emerging economies. Such certification can help improve the global visibility of firms and is mandated in international trade. This paper attempts to examine the impact of such certifications on technical efficiency of firms belonging to the manufacturing sector in India. In analysing the impact of ISO Certification on technical efficiency, this paper uses data from the CMIE Prowess for the period 2007-2012. In the first step, the paper estimates technical efficiency for the sample firms and then examines the determinants of inter-firm differences in technical efficiency using firm specific characteristics. The results of this study conclude that there are substantial inter-firm differences in technical efficiency and they are systematically different based on firm age, firm size, debt capital, MNE affiliation, and ISO certification. ISO certification, especially maintaining the standards associated with it, turned out to be an important factor in making the firms achieve higher technical efficiency. In addition, the results of this study also confirms that firms that are ISO certified and doing R&D are better off in technical efficiency as compared to the others. |
| Keywords: | ISO certification, R&D, Efficiency, Manufacturing Firms, India |
| JEL: | L11 L22 Q57 |
| Date: | 2014–10–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:59451&r=tid |
| By: | Andersson, Martin (CIRCLE, Lund University and Department of Industrial Economics, Blekinge Institute of Technology); Xiao, Jing (CIRCLE and Department of Economic History, Lund University) |
| Abstract: | We analyze the frequency and nature by which new firms are acquired by established businesses. Acquisitions are often considered to reflect a technology transfer process and to also constitute one way in which a “symbiosis” between new technology-based firms (NTBFs) and established businesses is realized. Using a micro-level dataset for Sweden in which we follow new entrants up to 18 years after entry, we show that acquisitions of recent start-ups are rare and restricted to a small group of entrants with defining characteristics. Estimates from competing risks models show that acquired start-ups, in particular by multinational enterprises (MNEs), stand out from entrants that either remain independent or exit by being much more likely to be spin-offs operating in high-tech sectors, having strong technological competence, and having weak internal financial resources. Our overall findings support the argument that acquisitions primarily concern NTBFs in market contexts where entry costs are large, access to finance is important and incumbents have high market power. |
| Keywords: | acquisitions; post-entry performance; market selection; start-ups; new technology-based firms (NTBFs); innovation; competing-risk model; Sweden |
| JEL: | G34 L22 L26 O32 O33 |
| Date: | 2014–10–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:lucirc:2014_019&r=tid |