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on All new papers |
| By: | Dan Andrews; Chiara Criscuolo; Carlo Menon |
| Abstract: | This paper exploits longitudinal data on firm performance and patenting activity for 23 OECD countries over the period 2003-2010 to explore the extent to which changes in the patent stock are associated with flows of capital and labour to patenting firms. While the finding that patenting is associated with real changes in economic activity at the firm level is in line with recent literature, new empirical evidence presented suggests that the impact of patenting on firm size is likely to be causal. Moreover, these data reveal important differences across OECD countries in the extent to which innovative firms can attract the complementary tangible resources that are required to implement and commercialise new ideas. In turn, the contribution of framework policies to explaining the observed cross-country differences in the magnitude of these flows is explored. While further research is required to establish causality, the results are consistent with the idea that well-functioning product, labour and capital markets; efficient judicial systems and bankruptcy laws that do not overly penalise failure can raise the returns to innovative activity. The paper also investigates the heterogeneous impacts of policies and finds that young firms – which are more likely to experiment with disruptive technologies and rely on external financing to implement and commercialise their ideas – disproportionately benefit from reforms to labour markets and more developed markets for credit and seed and early stage finance. Les ressources convergent-elles vers les entreprises brevetantes ? : Éléments de comparaison entre pays à partir de données au niveau des entreprises Cette étude tire parti de données longitudinales sur les performances et l’activité de brevetage d’entreprises de 23 pays membres de l’OCDE sur la période 2003-2010 pour examiner dans quelle mesure des évolutions du stock de brevets sont associées à des flux de capitaux et de main-d’oeuvre en direction des entreprises brevetantes. Si l’observation que le brevetage est associé à des évolutions réelles de l’activité économique au niveau de l’entreprise concorde avec les publications récentes, les nouvelles observations empiriques présentées ici donnent à penser qu’il existe vraisemblablement un lien de causalité entre le dépôt de brevets et la taille de l’entreprise. De plus, ces données font apparaître d’importantes différences entre pays de l’OCDE quant à la mesure dans laquelle les entreprises innovantes peuvent attirer les ressources corporelles complémentaires requises pour mettre en oeuvre et commercialiser des idées nouvelles. L’étude explore ensuite la contribution de politiques cadres qui pourrait expliquer les différences observées entre pays dans l’ampleur de ces flux. Bien que des recherches complémentaires soient nécessaires pour établir une causalité, les résultats concordent avec l’idée que des marchés de produits, de main-d’oeuvre et de capitaux efficaces, des systèmes judiciaires efficients et des législations sur les faillites qui ne pénalisent pas indûment l’échec peuvent accroître les retours sur l’activité d’innovation. L’étude examine aussi les impacts hétérogènes des politiques et constate que les jeunes entreprises – qui sont davantage susceptibles d’expérimenter des technologies de rupture et de dépendre de financements externes pour la mise en oeuvre et la commercialisation de leurs idées – bénéficient beaucoup plus que les autres des réformes des marchés du travail et de marchés plus développés du crédit et du financement des phases d’amorçage et de démarrage. |
| Keywords: | firm growth, patents, innovation, reallocation, innovation, croissance des entreprises, brevets, réaffectation |
| Date: | 2014–06–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:1127-en&r=tid |
| By: | Spyros Arvanitis (KOF Swiss Economic Institute, ETH Zurich, Switzerland); Florian Seliger (KOF Swiss Economic Institute, ETH Zurich, Switzerland) |
| Abstract: | The main objective of this empirical paper is to identify characteristics of imitation and innovation and shed light on possible differences between these two kinds of innovative activity. Thus, it tries to answer the following questions: (a) what are the determinants of imitative performance compared to determinants of innovative performance and (b) what are the determinants of switching from imitative to innovative behavior compared to imitators and innovators showing persistence over time. The study is based on Swiss firm data. In sum, our findings indicate that imitating firms are significantly more ‘extroverted’ than innovating firms because their activities are much more related to external R&D activities and cooperation and medium-educated personnel. Innovating firms do not rely to the same extent on the exploration of external knowledge. Their rather ‘introverted’ behavior seems be more related with intense exploitation of internal resources. Further, the profiles of different types of innovating firms show that an innovation performance hierarchy exists ranking from occasional innovators through switchers to persistently innovating firms. |
| Keywords: | innovation, imitation |
| JEL: | O31 |
| Date: | 2014–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:kof:wpskof:14-367&r=tid |
| By: | Ricardo Monge-Gonzalez; Juan Antonio Rodriguez-Alvarez |
| Abstract: | This paper estimates the impact of two productive development programs (PDPs) in Costa Rica: PROPYME and CR Provee. The first seeks to increase the capacity of small and medium-sized firms (SMEs) to innovate, and the second aims to increase backward linkages between Costa Rican SMEs and multinational companies operating in the country. The impacts of each program were measured in terms of three result variables: real average wages, employment demand, and the probability of exporting. A combination of fixed effects and propensity score matching techniques was used in estimations to correct for any selection bias. The results show that both PROPYME and CR Provee have positive and significant impacts on SME performance. PROPYME’s beneficiaries performed better than other firms in terms of labor demand and their probability of exporting, while firms treated by CR Provee showed higher average wages, labor demand, and chances of exporting than untreated firms. Firms treated simultaneously by both programs performed better in terms of average wages than those that were only treated by CR Provee. This result is of special interest to policymakers since it indicates the importance of bundling in the implementation of PDPs. The findings suggest that policies aimed at overcoming the weaknesses of these two programs are important for obtaining higher real wages, generating more employment, and increasing the probability of exporting by Costa Rican SMEs. |
| JEL: | C21 C23 D04 D22 F23 J23 O12 O25 O31 O38 O54 |
| Date: | 2013–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idb:wpaper:idb-wp-461&r=tid |
| By: | Caroline Mothe; Uyen T. Nguyen-Thi; Phu Nguyen-Van |
| Abstract: | We empirically investigate the pattern of complementarity between four organizational practices. Firm-level data were drawn from the Community Innovation Survey (CIS) carried out in 2008 in Luxembourg. Supermodularity tests confirm the crucial role of organizational innovation in raising firms’ technological innovation. The pattern of complementarity between organizational practices differs according to the type of innovation, i.e. product or process innovation, but also according to whether the firm is in the first stage of the innovation process (i.e. being innovative or not) or in a later stage (i.e. innovation performance in terms of sales of new products). |
| Keywords: | Complementarity; Organizational innovation; Substitution; Supermodularity; Technological innovation |
| JEL: | D22 O32 |
| Date: | 2014–08–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipg:wpaper:2014-488&r=tid |