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on Technology and Industrial Dynamics |
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Issue of 2013‒10‒25
six papers chosen by Fulvio Castellacci Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI) |
| By: | Leandro D’Aurizio, (Bank of Italy); Marco Marinucci (Bank of Italy) |
| Abstract: | The paper describes the innovation strategies of a representative sample of Italian firms participating to the Bank of Italy’s yearly survey. The evidence covers the 2008-2010 period and highlights some stylized facts widely discussed in the economic literature. Results show that the activity of R&D is carried out within the firm, basically self-financed and it is more intense among bigger firms settled in central and northern Italy. On the other hand Public funding of R&D seems not able to influence the firms’ decision of undertaking the innovation process. Even though R&D expenditure and innovation activity are highly correlated, managerial best practices tend to be positively associated with R&D expenditure but to a lesser extent with the firms’ ability to introduce an innovation. Moreover, exporting firms have a higher propensity both to invest in R&D and to patent their intellectual property. Finally, the survey shows that the most relevant obstacles for Italian firms to innovate are the high setup costs and the lack of skilled research personnel. |
| Keywords: | research and development, innovation |
| JEL: | O31 O32 L25 |
| Date: | 2013–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdi:opques:qef_197_13&r=tid |
| By: | Difei Geng (Vanderbilt University); Kamal Saggi (Vanderbilt University) |
| Abstract: | We evaluate the case for non-discrimination in the international protection of intellectual property. If trade is not subject to any frictions then requiring national treatment (NT) in patent protection does not have any consequences for innovation (and welfare) since unfavorable discrimination abroad is fully offset by favorable discrimination at home. In the presence of trade frictions, however, such international offsetting in patent protection is incomplete and innovation incentives are actually lower under NT. The formation of a free trade agreement increases the effective global protection available to members without affecting the protection available to the non-member. |
| Keywords: | Intellectual property rights, patent protection, non-discrimination, national treatment, trade barriers |
| JEL: | F1 O3 |
| Date: | 2013–10–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:van:wpaper:vuecon-sub-13-00017&r=tid |
| By: | Frietsch, Rainer; Neuhäusler, Peter; Rothengatter, Oliver |
| Abstract: | Empirical evidence shows that the distribution of patent applications is highly skewed in terms of company size, with a few large enterprises being responsible for the majority of patent applications. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), on the other hand, are important players in national innovation systems and are the subject of policy sup-port in many countries. Thus, this study examines the participation rate of SMEs in patenting activities in more detail, differentiating SME patent filings by country and technology area. The analyses are based on a unique, integrated and enriched patent data set of nearly 1.2 million patent applications, built upon PATSTAT data, separating companies into SMEs and large enterprises. The results of descriptive and multivariate analyses reveal that SMEs file fewer interna-tional patents than multinational enterprises (MNEs). However, those SMEs which are active internationally even outperform their larger counterparts in terms of international-ization. It can further be observed that SMEs are more active in emerging technologies, have smaller inventor teams and smaller family sizes on average. Furthermore, patents filed by SMEs are withdrawn more frequently but refused less often. Patents of large firms, on the other hand, have a higher chance of being granted and are cited more frequently. -- |
| Date: | 2013 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:fisidp:36&r=tid |
| By: | Ådne Cappelen; Arvid Raknerud; Marina Rybalka (Statistics Norway) |
| Abstract: | We address the question of whether the returns to R&D differ between R&D projects funded by public grants and R&D in general. To answer this question, we use a flexible production function that distinguishes between different types of R&D by source of finance. Our approach requires no adjustment of the sample or data in order to include firms that never invest in R&D, in contrast to the standard Cobb-Douglas production specification. We investigate the productivity and profitability effects of R&D using a comprehensive panel of Norwegian firms over the period 2001-2009. The results suggest that the returns to R&D projects subsidized by the Research Council of Norway do not differ significantly from R&D spending in general. Our estimate of the average rate of return to R&D is about 10 percent. This estimate is robust with respect to whether firms with zero R&D are included in the estimation sample or not. In contrast, using a standard Cobb-Douglas specification and restricting the sample of firms to those with positive R&D, leads to implausibly high estimates of the rate of returns. |
| Keywords: | Returns to R&D; Public grants; Public subsidies; Productivity |
| JEL: | C33 C52 D24 O38 |
| Date: | 2013–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ssb:dispap:740&r=tid |
| By: | Sahu, Santosh Kumar; Narayanan, K. |
| Abstract: | This study attempts to find out the relationship between exports and Participation in Clean Development Mechanism [CDM] in the technology intensive industries in India. Data are used from the PROWESS, CMIE and the VCU (Verified Carbon Units) database from 2007 to 2012. Results of this study indicate that firm size, age of the firms, profitability and R&D intensity are the major determinants of export intensity. In addition, technology imports and multinational affiliation also help firms in exporting more. The CDM participation in terms of higher VCU, and energy related technological advancements at firm level are also found to be major determinants of export intensity. India, unlike other established European carbon markets is not a platform for trading but the country is known for its creation of VCU and selling them. Government should focus more on smaller and less profitable firms and create a wider platform for them to be an active participant. Technology spillovers created by bigger and profitable firms which attract more benefits from Verified carbon offsetting should pool the entire interested ready-to-participate firms and attain a common goal, i.e. economically viable and environmentally sustainable and the leaders in the international export market. |
| Keywords: | Exports, CDM, Technology Intensive Indian Manufacturing Industries |
| JEL: | L15 L52 Q37 Q48 |
| Date: | 2013–10–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:50745&r=tid |
| By: | Hasnas, Irina; Lambertini, Luca; Palestini, Arsen |
| Abstract: | In recent years Open Innovation (OI) processes have been receiving growing attention from the empirical and theoretical economic literature, where a debate is taking place on the aspects of complementarity or substitutability between internal R&D and OI spillover. By means of a differential game approach, we analyze the case of substitutability in an OI setup in a Cournot duopoly where knowledge spillovers are endogenously determined via the R&D process. The game produces multiple steady states, allowing for an asymmetric solution where a firm may trade off the R&D investment against information absorption from the rival. The technical analysis and the numerical simulations point out that the firm which commits to a higher level of OI absorption produces a smaller output and enjoys higher profits than its rival. -- |
| Keywords: | R&D,spillovers,dynamic games |
| JEL: | C73 L13 O31 |
| Date: | 2013 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:dicedp:111&r=tid |