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on Technology and Industrial Dynamics |
| By: | Dimitri UZUNIDIS (Laboratoire de Recherche sur l'Industrie et l'Innovation. ULCO); Sophie BOUTILLIER (Laboratoire de Recherche sur l'Industrie et l'Innovation. ULCO) |
| Abstract: | La création et l’accumulation de connaissances devient un phénomène de plus en plus collectif dépassant les frontières des économies nationales formant des réseaux de coopération technologique qui se tissent entre firmes. Cette stratégie vise la collecte d'importantes quantités d'informations S&T qui pourront à terme se transformer en innovations. Depuis quelques années, l’expression open innovation s’est imposée, alors que bien avant les formules d’innovation en réseau ou d’innovation collaborative étaient également très rependues. Dans ce document, nous présentons à l’aide de la théorie évolutionniste (qui insiste sur l’accumulation de connaissances comme moyen d’innover et comme origine de transformation des structures de la firme) les déterminants principaux de la globalisation de la R&D des grandes firmes globales et nous discutons de l’ouverture de la frontière de la firme. The creation and accumulation of knowledge is an increasingly collective phenomenon which goes beyond the borders of national economies forming networks that develop technological cooperation between firms. This strategy is the collection of significant amounts of S&T information that will eventually turn into innovations. In recent years, the term "open innovation" has become very popular, even if other formulas like network innovation or collaborative innovation have been also used for a long time. In this paper we present the main determinants of the globalization of R&D and discuss the opening of the border of the firm using evolutionary theory (which emphasizes the accumulation of knowledge as a way to innovate and as the origin of structural transformation of the firm). |
| Keywords: | innovation collaborative, R&D, firme multinationale |
| JEL: | F23 O31 O32 |
| Date: | 2012–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rii:riidoc:255&r=tid |
| By: | Vogel , Alexander (Leuphana University Lueneburg); Wagner, Joachim (Leuphana University Lueneburg and IZA, Bonn) |
| Abstract: | This paper contributes to the literature by providing the first evidence on the link between innovation activities (measured by the share of engineers and scientists in the workforce) and exports of German business services firms based on a large representative longitudinal sample of enterprises. The data combine for the first time information at the firm-level that is taken from data produced by the Statistical Offices and by the Federal Labour Agency. We document that R&D activities are positively linked with exports, and that this link is present when observed firm characteristics (including firm size, productivity, and human capital intensity) and unobserved time-invariant firm characteristics are controlled for. From an economical point of view the effect is, however, rather small. Furthermore, we find some evidence for self-selection of innovative services firms on export markets. We have to admit, however, that the panel is too short, and that the number of firms that start to export and start to perform R&D during the period under investigation is too small, for any convincing attempt to investigate the direction of the causal link between exports and innovation activities. |
| Keywords: | Innovation; export; business services; Germany |
| JEL: | F14 |
| Date: | 2012–10–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:cesisp:0285&r=tid |
| By: | Ferguson, Shon (Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)) |
| Abstract: | This paper shows that the R&D intensity of an industry plays an important role in determining international trade patterns via its e¤ect on scale economies. I first develop a model of trade with heterogeneous firms where firms compete with each other by spending on fixed product development costs such as R&D. The model predicts that a larger share of firms are exporters in industries where R&D is a large component of total costs. The model also predicts that R&D-intense industries are less sensitive to trade costs. I find empirical support for these predictions using firm-level data for Swedish manufacturing industries. The results also highlight the importance of controlling for firm size when measuring the firm extensive margin of exports. |
| Keywords: | International Trade; Trade Costs; Endogenous Sunk Costs |
| JEL: | F12 L11 O30 |
| Date: | 2012–10–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:iuiwop:0930&r=tid |