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on Technology and Industrial Dynamics |
| By: | Adam Jaffe (Department of Economics, Brandeis University); Seth Werfel (Federal Reserve Bank of New York) |
| Abstract: | Neoclassical economic theory predicts that policies that discourage the consumption of a particular good will induce innovation in a socially desirable substitute. Evolutionary theory emphasizes the possibility of innovation waves associated with the identification of new dominant designs. We incorporate both of these possibilities in a model of the invention of new smoking cessation products, based on a new dataset of patents on such products from 1951-2004. We find that an increase in cigarette tax levels and smoking bans had no discernable impact on the industry-wide rate of invention in smoking cessation products. It does appear, however, that dominant designs did have substantial positive innovation effects. More specifically, the introduction of the nicotine gum and patch are estimated to have increased the rate of patenting activity in smoking cessation products by 60 and 79 percent, respectively, subject to a 10 percent rate of decay. Finally, these products had larger innovation effects at the firm level than among individual inventors. |
| Keywords: | Patents, Technological Change, Smoking Cessation Products, Cigarette Taxes |
| JEL: | O31 O38 H23 I18 |
| Date: | 2010–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:brd:wpaper:09&r=tid |
| By: | Ben aoun , Leila; Dubrocard, Anne |
| Abstract: | This study has two main contributions summarized as follows: 1. Impact of ICT on the capacities of innovation: The most intensive firms in ICT are also those that tend more frequently to innovate and to combine several innovations types - i.e. they are also “intensive innovator”. However, this assertion must be moderate when the type of combination of innovation is taken into account and either only the number. 2. Innovation impact on firms’ performance: In first seen, effects of the innovation depend on the intensity of innovation activities measured as number of innovations of various types implemented during the last period. In the second approach, detailed analysis of the particular combinations of innovation deployed show different performance. Moreover, all combinations of innovation do not produce positive effects and, according to the desired effects, some combinations appear more effective. More precisely, the expected impacts of each type of innovation are more frequently reached when the innovation combined at least organizational change with others. |
| Keywords: | innovation; TIC; Luxembourg; effect; ACM |
| JEL: | D21 L25 C0 O52 |
| Date: | 2010–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:28375&r=tid |