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on Technology and Industrial Dynamics |
| By: | Bronwyn H. Hall; Jacques Mairesse |
| Abstract: | This introduction to a special issue of EINT surveys a collection of ten papers that study various aspects of innovation and knowledge management and their impact on performance at the firm level for a number of countries. These studies have been conducted using data drawn from innovation surveys combined with data from a number of other sources. The issue illustrates the value of these surveys in improving our understanding of innovation in firms and raises a number of questions for future work in this area. |
| JEL: | O3 M2 |
| Date: | 2006–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:12320&r=tid |
| By: | Karlsson, Charlie (CESIS - Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies, Royal Institute of Technology); Nyström, Kristina (CESIS - Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies, Royal Institute of Technology) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the role of knowledge for successful entrepreneurship. The paper explicitly discusses the role of accessibility to university and company R&D for new firm formation. Company R&D is assumed to contain a higher share of R&D directed towards generating technological knowledge. Hence, the accessibility to such R&D are expected to have a stronger influence on new firm formation than the accessibility to university R&D. Since knowledge can also be assumed to be spatially bounded and diffuses in geographical space, it is argued that local interaction, measured by intra-municipality accessibility to knowledge, have a stronger influence on new firm formation than interregional interaction. In the empirical analysis data on new firm formation in 288 Swedish municipalities and accessibility to university and company R&D for 1997 and 1999 are used. We find that accessibility to company R&D have a stronger impact on new firm formation than accessibility to university R&D. We also find that close knowledge interactions are more important for new firm formation than long distance knowledge interactions. Accessibility to inter-regional company R&D has even a negative impact on new firm formation. |
| Keywords: | knowledge; accessibility; regional; entrepreneurship; Sweden |
| JEL: | L10 R11 |
| Date: | 2006–07–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:cesisp:0070&r=tid |
| By: | Sudipto Bhattacharya (London School of Economics and CEPR); Sergei Guriev (New Economic School/CEFIR and CEPR) |
| Abstract: | We develop a model of two-stage cumulative research and development (R&D), in which one Research Unit (RU) with an innovative idea bargains to license her nonverifiable interim knowledge exclusively to one of two competing Development Units (DUs) via one of two alternative modes: an Open sale after patenting this knowledge, or a Closed sale in which precluding further disclosure to a competing DU requires the RU to hold a stake in the licensed DU’s post-invention revenues. Both modes lead to partial leakage of RU’s knowledge from its description, to the licensed DU alone in a closed sale, and to both DUs in an open sale. The open sale is socially optimal; yet the contracting parties choose the closed sale whenever the interim knowledge is more valuable and leakage is sufficiently high. If the extent of leakage is lower, more RUs choose open sales, generating a non-monotonic relationship between the strength of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and aggregate R&D expenditures and the overall likelihood of development by either DU. |
| JEL: | D23 O32 O34 |
| Date: | 2004–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cfr:cefirw:w0064&r=tid |
| By: | Mosahid Khan; Hélène Dernis |
| Abstract: | This paper provides an overview of innovative activities across a wide range of OECD member and non-member countries, based on international comparable patent indicators. Patent data are frequently used to measure innovative activities, because patent-based indicators reflect the inventive performance of countries, regions, firms, as well as other aspects of the dynamics of the innovation process. <P>Aperçu des activités innovantes au travers d'indicateurs basés sur les brevets <BR>Ce document propose un aperçu des activités en matière d’innovation dans un grand nombre de pays de l’OCDE et quelques non membres, au travers d’indicateurs basés sur les brevets. Les données sur les brevets sont souvent utilisées pour mesurer les activités d’innovation. Elles reflètent en effet la performance de pays, régions, entreprises en matière d’innovation, et d’autres aspects de la dynamique du processus d’innovation. |
| Date: | 2006–05–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:stiaaa:2006/3-en&r=tid |
| By: | Juha Kilponen; Torsten Santavirta |
| Abstract: | The relationship between product market competition (PMC) and innovative activity has attracted the attention of many economists lately. In this study we elaborate the theory of Aghion et al. (1997, 2001) of an inverted-U relationship between competition and innovations. We provide a theoretical prediction of a complementary relationship between the incentive effects of PMC and R&D subsidies. We empirically test our complementarity prediction and that of an inverted-U relationship using Finnish firm level data. Our results suggest that the inverted-U relationship is fairly robust to all our innovation measures. We also find that the inverted-U relationship tends to be steeper when also direct R&D subsidies are considered. This result suggests that there exists complementarity between competition and R&D subsidies. |
| Keywords: | Product market competition, Innovation, R&D subsidies |
| JEL: | O31 O10 O30 L10 |
| Date: | 2004–11–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fer:resrep:113&r=tid |