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on Technology and Industrial Dynamics |
| By: | U. Witt; C. Zellner |
| Abstract: | New knowledge with commercial potential is continually created in academic institutions. How is it turned into economically valuable businesses? This paper argues that the transfer is an entrepreneurial process. To understand this, the actions and the constraints characteristic for the entrepreneurial reshaping of the division of labor must be recognized. In the case of knowledge-based entrepreneurship, specific constraints result from the peculiarities of scientific knowledge – epitomized by contrasting tacit and encoded knowledge. Scientifically trained labor is required for transferring both forms of knowledge. However, the mode of transfer differs crucially and shapes the organizational form of commercializing new scientific knowledge. |
| JEL: | L23 M13 O31 O32 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:esi:evopap:2005-04&r=tid |
| By: | Poh Kam Wong (Entrepreneurship Centre, National University of Singapore); Yuen Ping Ho (Entrepreneurship Centre, National University of Singapore) |
| Abstract: | By tracing the flows of patent citation of prior patents and scientific journal articles, we investigate the sources of knowledge for innovation output in Singapore, a small, highly open economy that has traditionally been significantly dependent on foreign multinational corporations (MNCs). We found that the local production of new knowledge by indigenous Singaporean firms depends disproportionately on technological knowledge produced by MNCs with operational presence in Singapore and scientific knowledge generated by foreign universities. Locally produced new knowledge by indigenous firms and local universities constitute an insignificant, albeit rapidly growing, source for innovation in Singapore. |
| Keywords: | innovation system, patent citation, Singapore, knowledge sources |
| JEL: | O P |
| Date: | 2005–04–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wpa:wuwpdc:0504015&r=tid |
| By: | Guido Fioretti (University of Bologna) |
| Abstract: | What are the prospects of B2B electronic commerce when production is carried out by a number of small firms specialized in single production phases? Prato, Italy, is home to thousands of textile firms as well as the locus of an early and innovative experience of a local Internet in the mid-1980s. This experience suggests that, since they fear to be imatated by their geographical proximates, geographically clustered firms may lag behind in the exploitation of information and communication technologies. Analysis of today's web sites of Pratese firms confiorms this intuition. A similar analysis of web sites is carried out for producers of fabrics worldwide. Contrary to Europe, in Asian countries geographically clustered firms exhibit little fear of information leakages. Differences in the organization of production may explain this puzzle. |
| Keywords: | ICT, e-commerce, B2B, Textile Industry, Industrial Clusters, Industrial Districts, Prato. |
| JEL: | D82 F29 L67 L23 R12 |
| Date: | 2005–04–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wpa:wuwpur:0504008&r=tid |
| By: | Guido Fioretti (University of Bologna) |
| Abstract: | Agent-based models, an instance of the wider class of connectionist models, allow bottom-up simulations of organizations constituted byu a large number of interacting parts. Thus, geogrfaphical clusters of competing or collaborating firms constitute an obvious field of application. This contribution explains what agent-based models are, reviews applications in the field of industrial clusters and focuses on a simulator of infra- and inter-firm communications. |
| Keywords: | Agent-based models, industrial clusters, industrial districts |
| JEL: | R |
| Date: | 2005–04–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wpa:wuwpur:0504009&r=tid |
| By: | Guido Fioretti (University of Bologna) |
| Abstract: | This article presents an agent-based model of an Italian textile district where thousands of small firms specialise in particular phases of fabrics production. It is an empirical model that reconstructs the communications between firms when they arrange production chains. In their turn, production chains reflect into the pattern of traffic in the geographical areas where the district extends. |
| Keywords: | Agent-based models, industrial clusters, industrial districts, Prato. |
| JEL: | R |
| Date: | 2005–04–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wpa:wuwpur:0504010&r=tid |