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on Sports and Economics |
| By: | Kelly, Elish (ESRI, Dublin); McGuinness, Seamus (Economic and Social Research Institute, Dublin); Kenny, Eoin (Economic and Social Research Institute, Dublin) |
| Abstract: | Gaelic games are traditional Irish amateur sports, two of which are Gaelic football and hurling. Although the sports are amateur, the advances that have taken place in the games over the past decade have increased the commitments required of players, particularly those playing senior inter-county, the highest level that the games are played. The move towards professional standards in amateur games can potentially negatively impact various aspects of players lives, including their mental health. Using survey data captured from senior inter-county Gaelic footballers and hurlers, this paper contributes to the literature in this area by examining the impact that playing an amateur sport in a professional context can have on players’ mental wellbeing. The paper focusses specifically on identifying the effects that their sports-related commitments, along with their sports environment, can have on their mental health. The methodologies used in the paper account for biases related to non-random selection. |
| Keywords: | sports commitments, depression, WHO-5 wellbeing index, Gaelic games, amateur sports, PSM |
| JEL: | I10 I31 Z20 Z28 |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17847 |
| By: | Alex Farnell (Department of Economics, Finance and Accounting, Maynooth University.); David Berri (Southern Utah University); Vincent O’Sullivan (University of Limerick); Robert Simmons (Lancaster University) |
| Abstract: | The National Football League (NFL) has long been criticised for its lack of minority leadership. Fewer than 25% of the league’s players are white. But at the start of the 2024 season, more than 80% of head coaches were white. Past studies into this issue tended to focus on the labour market for head coaches. Instead, we consider the entire pipeline of coaches up to the role of head coach, spanning 1989-2020. We find that race is not a significant explanatory variable in explaining promotions to head coach. We do, however, identify race as a barrier to promotions from certain position coach roles. Thus, the league’s affirmative action policy, the Rooney Rule, might not be attempting to correct for discriminatory hiring at the correct level. Classification-J71, Z21, Z22 |
| Keywords: | racial discrimination, NFL, coaches |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:may:mayecw:n321-25.pdf |
| By: | Martin Dufwenberg; Katja Görlitz; Christina Gravert |
| Abstract: | Peer evaluation tournaments are common in academia, the arts, and corporate environments. They make use of the expert knowledge that academics or team members have in assessing their peers’ performance. However, rampant opportunities for cheating may throw a wrench in the process unless, somehow, players have a preference for honest reporting. Building on Dufwenberg and Dufwenberg’s (2018) theory of perceived cheating aversion, we develop a multi-player model in which players balance the utility of winning against the disutility of being identified as a cheater. We derive a set of predictions, and test these in a controlled laboratory experiment. |
| Keywords: | psychological game, cheating, tournaments, laboratory experiment |
| JEL: | C91 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11720 |
| By: | Camille Eslan (UniLaSalle, UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Sandrine Costa (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Céline Vial (IFCE - Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur], UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement) |
| Abstract: | Aim: Self-organization in sport and leisure activities has increased in recent years but remains relatively unknown. This trend is also evident in equestrian activities, generating economic and societal challenges for institutions and professionals of the sector. Self-organization refers to the independent management of one or more tasks that could otherwise be subcontracted. For some practitioners, it is the result of a mismatch between their demand and the supply of available services. To better understand the determinants of equestrian self-organization, this article examines the consumer value associated with this choice. Question: The sports service, unlike material goods, involves an immaterial exchange contract requiring consumer participation. In this context, this article analyses the value components of sports self-organization, in the case of equestrian activities. Additionally, this exploratory research aims to understand which value components influence the overall value of self-organization and whether this overall value is also influenced by attachment to the animal and self-efficacy. Methodology: The methodology is based on a quantitative survey conducted online via social networks (Facebook, X - Twitter and Instagram) over six months in 2021, in France with 615 respondents. Structural equation models are used in the analysis. Results: The results reveal that attachment to the animal, self-efficacy, economic value, hedonic value, and ethical value associated with well-being are pivotal elements in the value of equestrian self-organization. Additionally, a novel component, transmission value, has been identified. This study also explores the influence of the perceived risk of error in equestrian self-organization. Originality: These findings offer insights for developing new managerial strategies for self-organized users, both in equestrian activities and the broader sports sector. This involves considering the consumers' expectations of a practice that can be shared with loved ones and that is consistent with each parties' ethical concerns. |
| Abstract: | Objectifs : L'auto-organisation dans les activités sportives et de loisirs a récemment augmenté mais reste peu connue. Cette tendance est la même dans les activités équestres, générant des enjeux économiques et sociétaux pour les institutions et les professionnels du secteur. L'autoorganisation consiste en l'organisation quotidienne, en autonomie, d'une ou plusieurs tâches qui pourraient être sous-traitées. Elle est la conséquence, pour certains pratiquants, d'une inadéquation entre leur demande et l'offre de services disponible. Afin de mieux comprendre les déterminants de l'auto-organisation équestre, cet article étudie la valeur de consommation associée à ce choix organisationnel. Problématique : Le service sportif, dissocié du bien matériel, est un contrat d'échange immatériel qui requiert la participation du consommateur. Dans ce contexte, cet article analyse les composantes de la valeur de l'auto-organisation sportive. En outre, cette recherche exploratoire vise à comprendre quelles composantes de la valeur influencent la valeur globale de l'auto-organisation, dans le cas des activités équestres, et si cette valeur globale est aussi influencée par l'attachement à l'animal et l'auto-efficacité. Méthodologie : La méthodologie repose sur une enquête quantitative réalisée en ligne via les réseaux sociaux (Facebook, X -Twitter et Instagram) pendant six mois en 2021, en France auprès de 615 répondants. L'analyse effectuée mobilise des modèles d'équations structurelles.Résultats : Les résultats montrent que l'attachement à l'animal, l'auto-efficacité, la valeur économique, la valeur hédonique, la valeur éthique liée au bien-être sont des composantes clés de la valeur de l'auto-organisation équestre. De plus, une nouvelle composante est mise en évidence par la valeur de transmission. Cette étude explore aussi l'effet des risques d'erreur perçus dans l'auto-organisation équestre.Originalité : Ces résultats ouvrent des perspectives pour de nouvelles stratégies managériales à destination des usagers auto-organisés, dans les activités équestres et plus généralement dans le domaine du sport, impliquant notamment une prise en compte des souhaits pour une pratique permettant une transmission à ses proches et un alignement avec ses préoccupations éthiques. |
| Keywords: | self-organization, equestrian activities, transmission value, ethical value, attachment, perceived risks, PLS-SEM, auto-organisation, activités équestres, valeur de transmission, valeur éthique, attachement, risques perçus, modèle d’équation structurelle |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04913788 |
| By: | Athaya, Haura; Tulyakul, Singha |
| Abstract: | This research aimed to develop and compare the effects of pyramid program weight training on the muscular strength of male swimmers. The sample group consisted of 36 male swimmers from Yulin Sports School in Guangxi Province, China, selected through cluster sampling. The participants were divided into two groups: an experimental group of 18 swimmers who trained using a pyramid program weight training developed by the researcher and a control group of 18 swimmers who trained using the standard weight training program at Yulin Sports School. The training lasted for eight weeks, with sessions conducted three days a week, each lasting 50 minutes. The bench press test was used to measure muscular strength. Data were analyzed by calculating the mean and standard deviation. The Paired Samples t-test was used to compare mean differences in muscular strength within the control and experimental groups before and after training. Additionally, the Independent Samples t-test compared mean differences in muscular strength between the control and experimental groups before and after training. The research results indicated that the pyramid program weight training developed by the researcher was effective and suitable. The experimental group exhibited significantly greater muscular strength than the control group, with statistical significance at the 0.05 level. Furthermore, both the experimental and control groups experienced substantial improvements in muscular strength after training compared to before training, also with statistical significance at the 0.05 level. These findings indicate that the pyramid program weight training developed is a valuable resource for enhancing muscular strength in male swimmers. It offers practical guidelines for athletes, trainers, and individuals interested in swimming to improve athletic performance in the future. |
| Date: | 2025–04–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:u3cjk_v1 |
| By: | Dounia El Hamel (Université Ibn Zohr = Ibn Zohr University [Agadir]); Mohamed Elkhabachy (Conseil régional d’Agadir des experts-comptables et des commissaires aux comptes) |
| Abstract: | The restructuring of the sports sector is a priority for the Moroccan legislator, who establishes the promotion of sports companies as a central pillar of this reform. These transformations aim to strengthen the structuring and regulation of the sports sector while promoting its expansion at all levels and reinforcing its fundamental educational and social values. Law 30-09 introduces significant advancements in this regard but also reveals certain limitations. For sports companies to fully benefit from these reforms, a thorough understanding of the accounting and tax treatment of their operations is essential, both at the time of their incorporation and throughout their development. A rigorous legal and financial analysis of the applicable legislation is necessary to identify its strengths and shortcomings and to consider the necessary adjustments to establish a more conducive framework for their sustainable growth. |
| Abstract: | La restructuration du secteur sportif constitue une priorité pour le législateur marocain, qui érige la promotion des sociétés sportives en pilier central de cette réforme. Ces transformations visent à renforcer la structuration et l'encadrement du domaine sportif, tout en favorisant son expansion à tous les niveaux et en consolidant ses valeurs éducatives et sociales fondamentales. La loi 30-09 introduit des avancées notables dans cette dynamique, mais elle révèle également certaines limites. Pour que les sociétés sportives tirent pleinement parti de ces réformes, une maîtrise approfondie du traitement comptable et fiscal de leurs opérations s'avère essentielle, tant lors de leur constitution que tout au long de leur développement. Une analyse rigoureuse, à la fois juridique et financière, de la législation en vigueur s'impose afin d'en dégager les atouts et les insuffisances et d'envisager les ajustements nécessaires pour instaurer un cadre plus favorable à leur essor durable. |
| Keywords: | Sports company, Anonymous company, Accounting and fiscal treatment, shortcomings of the accounting plan, Association, Société sportive, Société anonyme, Le traitement comptable et fiscal, Les insuffisances du plan comptable |
| Date: | 2025–03–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05021740 |
| By: | Dupuy, Arnaud (University of Luxembourg) |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we view a tennis rally as a succession of shots, played alternatively by two players, whose aim at each shot is to put as much pressure on the opponent as possible while keeping the ball ”in” the court. A compound effect arises since, as the rally unfolds, the cumulative pressure makes it ever harder to hit a shot in the court. To capture these features of a rally, we propose a threshold-crossing stochastic model where, for each shot in a rally to be in the court requires the pressure imparted by the player executing the shot to cross a threshold whose expected value depends on the cumulative pressure of the previous shots. We show how to estimate these thresholds using data on the length of rallies in professional men tennis matches and how to use these thresholds to recover profiles of play for each player indicating who does what to whom in a tennis rally. |
| Keywords: | threshold-crossing stochastic model, pressure shots, rally length |
| JEL: | C1 |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17804 |
| By: | Jorg Franke (University of Bath); Alexandros Papadopoulos |
| Abstract: | Using the unique properties of a German TV game show, we analyze the extent and implications of strategic reciprocity in sequential performance evaluations in a contest with large stakes. The sequential order of performances implies that the scope for strategic reciprocity differs systematically between participants: Contestants that perform later in the sequence evaluate their rivals before they are evaluated themselves, which creates incentives for strategic reciprocity. We find that earlier contestants benefit from this effect, resulting in a substantial negative sequence order bias. We provide estimates for the change in winning probabilities and for the financial implications of this bias. |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eid:wpaper:58185 |