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on Sports and Economics |
| By: | Vojtech Misak (Institute of Economic Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the impact of temperature on soccer team productivity using match-level data from ten countries across three continents. The results show that temperature affects multiple performance metrics, often in non-linear ways. Specifically, attacking efficiency is enhanced in warmer conditions, leading to increased goal productivity and improved shot conversion rates. Conversely, defensive performance appears to weaken in warmer conditions, with a decrease in defensive pressure and passing accuracy. Player aggression follows an inverted U-shaped pattern in relation to temperature. The effects of temperature vary across different leagues and climate regions. The relationship between temperature and outcome measures tends to be stronger in lower leagues, while the Champions League is the least influenced overall. Teams from colder regions experience a larger decline in passing volume when playing in high temperatures, with the effect being particularly pronounced in Brazil. |
| Keywords: | Football, Soccer, Temperature, Weather, Productivity |
| JEL: | K14 K42 K49 |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fau:wpaper:wp2025_07 |
| By: | Brian Kisida (University of Missouri); Matthew Pepper (Basis Policy Research); Michael Podgursky (Sinquefield Center for Applied Economic Research and University of Missouri); Michelle Wickman (Sinquefield Center for Applied Economic Research and Saint Louis University) |
| Abstract: | We examine the origin and evolution of male-female rating gaps for young chess players using two decades of data from the U.S. Chess Federation, the national chess association that tracks competitive tournament play and provides ratings for U.S. chess players. An important feature of our research is that we examine male-female gaps across a broad range of chess ratings, from novice to expert. We find large gaps favoring males at entry across the entire distribution. Once players have an established rating, we find similar returns to experience for males and females. Although female players have higher attrition rates than males, the net effect of this differential attrition on ratings gaps is null (to slightly equalizing) because stronger female players are at least as likely as males to persist. We find some evidence that that the male-female rating gap at entry declines modestly as female participation in the home locale rises, with an effect that is generally stronger for weaker players. Overall, the key explanation for differences in U.S male-female chess ratings is the gap at entry, which is large when first observed and persists over time. |
| Keywords: | Economics of Education, Gender Discrimination |
| JEL: | I20 I21 |
| Date: | 2025–04–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:umc:wpaper:2506 |