|
on Sports and Economics |
| By: | Jan C. van Ours (Erasmus University Rotterdam, ECASE and CEPR.) |
| Abstract: | In US-based studies focusing on the impact of new sports stadiums on attendance, a recurring observation is the temporary nature of the initial positive effect, commonly described as a novelty or honeymoon effect. This paper revisits the attendance effects of new sports stadiums in a European sports league, i.e. the top tier of Dutch professional football. Analyzing data over a period of three decades the main conclusion is that for many new stadiums the positive attendance effect persists. There is no transient novelty effect but a long-lasting positive attendance effect of new football stadiums. |
| Keywords: | Novelty effect, new sports stadiums, professional football |
| JEL: | C21 L83 Z20 |
| Date: | 2024–02–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tin:wpaper:20240010 |
| By: | Jan C. van Ours (Erasmus University Rotterdam); Martin van Tuijl (Tilburg University) |
| Abstract: | Economic agents react to incentives, and this holds true for professional football teams as well. Double round-robin and single-match elimination represent two opposite competition regimes, with incentives varying distinctly between them. At the level of individual matches, a single defeat needs not be fatal under a double round-robin regime, unlike in a single-match elimination system. Utilizing data from Dutch professional football spanning from the 2004/05 season to the 2022/23 season, we compare single-match elimination Cup matches with double round-robin league matches, focusing on stadium attendance, match results, and home advantage. Stadium attendance tends to be lower in Cup matches, although the gap narrows in later stages of the Cup tournament, and it eventually disappears. The home advantage is similar in Cup matches and league matches, but when Cup matches extend beyond regular time, the home advantage diminishes. In later stages of the Cup tournament, both during extra time and penalty shootouts, home advantage appears to be virtually absent. |
| Keywords: | Football incentives, stadium attendance, home advantage |
| JEL: | L83 |
| Date: | 2024–07–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tin:wpaper:20240044 |
| By: | Jan C. van Ours (Erasmus University Rotterdam, ECASE, CEPR) |
| Abstract: | This paper revisits the relationship between Covid-19-related absence of stadium attendance and match outcomes, analyzing five seasons of the top tier of professional football in the Netherlands. Empty stadiums caused home advantages to disappear completely due to home teams scoring fewer goals. Additionally, in empty stadiums, away teams received fewer yellow cards. This persisted even when stadiums were filled to a maximum of one-third of their capacity. Under these circumstances, there were no effects on team performance. Thus, it is improbable that referee decisions were the intermediary factor influencing team performance. Players of home teams appear to have been directly and adversely affected by the absence of stadium crowds. |
| Keywords: | Home advantage, professional football, Covid-19 |
| JEL: | D91 L83 Z20 |
| Date: | 2024–02–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tin:wpaper:20240014 |
| By: | Matteo Picchio (Marche Polytechnic University); Jan C. van Ours (Erasmus University Rotterdam) |
| Abstract: | High temperatures can have a negative effect on workplace safety for a variety of reasons. Discomfort and reduced concentration caused by heat can lead to workers making mistakes and injuring themselves. Discomfort can also be an incentive for workers to report an injury that they would not have reported in the absence of heat. We investigate how temperature affects injuries of professional tennis players in outdoor singles matches. We find that for men injury rates increase with ambient temperatures. For women, there is no effect of high temperatures on injuries. Among male tennis players, there is some heterogeneity in the temperature effects, which seem to be influenced by incentives. Specifically, when a male player is losing at the beginning of a crucial (second) fourth set in (best-of-three) best-of-five matches, the temperature effect is much larger than when he is winning. In best-of-five matches, which are more exhausting, this effect is age-dependent and stronger for older players. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, temperatures, tennis, injuries, health |
| JEL: | J24 J81 Q51 Q54 |
| Date: | 2024–09–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tin:wpaper:20240057 |
| By: | Matthias Firgo |
| Abstract: | This paper analyses the price effects and tax pass-through of a VAT increase from 7% to 19% on restaurant services in Germany as of January 1, 2024. The Synthetic Control Method (SCM) is used to identify the causal effects of this reform using prices of goods and services unaffected by the tax change as a counterfactual for restaurant prices. Immediately in January, 31% of the tax increase was passed on to consumer prices. Pass-through increased to 58% in the following six months, which corresponds to a causal consumer price increase of about 6.5%. The presumed increase in demand for gastronomy services due to hosting the UEFA Euro 2024 tournament did not alter the path of price adjustments compared to previous months. |
| Date: | 2024–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2409.01180 |