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on Sports and Economics |
| By: | Britta Glennon; Francisco Morales; Seth Carnahan; Exequiel Hernandez |
| Abstract: | We investigate the effect of hiring skilled immigrant employees on the performance of organizations. This relationship has been difficult to establish in prior work due to theoretical ambiguity, limited data, and inherent endogeneity. We overcome these difficulties by studying European football (soccer) clubs during 1990-2020. Detailed microdata from this setting offers unusual transparency on the migration and hiring of talent and their contribution to collective performance. Further, the industry is characterized by country-level rule changes that govern the number of immigrant players clubs can hire. Using these rule changes as the basis for instrumental variables, we find a positive local average treatment effect of the number of immigrant players on the club’s in-game performance. To examine the theoretical mechanisms, we explore whether immigrants cause superior performance because they are more talented than natives or because they enhance the national diversity of their clubs. We find strong evidence for the talent mechanism. We find contingent evidence for the national diversity mechanism: national diversity has a positive relationship with club performance only when the club employs an immigrant manager (coach). The presence of an immigrant manager also strengthens the positive relationship between the number of immigrant players and club performance. |
| JEL: | F16 F22 F23 J61 |
| Date: | 2021–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:29446&r= |
| By: | Robert M. Lantis; Erik T. Nesson |
| Abstract: | Do basketball players exhibit a hot hand? Results from controlled shooting situations suggest the answer is yes, while results from in-game shooting are mixed. Are the differing results because a hot hand is only present in similar shots or because testing for the hot hand in game situations is difficult? Combining repeated shots in a location and shots across locations, the NBA 3-Point Contests mimics game situations without many of the confounding factors. Using data on the 1986-2019 contests, we find a hot hand, but only within shot locations. Shooting streaks increase a hot hand only if a player makes his previous shot and only within locations. Even making three shots in a row has no effect on making the next shot if a player moves locations. Our results suggest that any hot hand in basketball is only present in extremely similar shooting situations and likely not in the run-of-play. |
| JEL: | D81 D91 Z20 Z29 |
| Date: | 2021–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:29468&r= |
| By: | Anna Laura Mancini (Bank of Italy); Giulio Papini (Bank of Italy) |
| Abstract: | This paper provides an ex-post evaluation of the 2006 Turin Winter Olympic Games by means of a synthetic control approach on a number of potential outcomes for an event of such magnitude. We find a positive impact on tourism and the ratio between prices in the centre and in the outskirts of the city. We also find, however, a positive effect on municipal per capita debt. Other variables that are often advertised as the main beneficiaries of the staging of an event such as the Olympics (value added per capita, employment rate, trade openness and the level of house prices) show no significant improvement. |
| Keywords: | big events, olympic games, synthetic control |
| JEL: | Z20 R11 |
| Date: | 2021–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdi:wptemi:td_1355_21&r= |
| By: | Sandra Yanez-Quintero (Fairtrade International); Kabeer Dawani (Collective for Social Science Research); Richard Anker (Anker Research Institute); Martha Anker (Anker Research Institute) |
| Abstract: | This report updates the living wage and living expenses for the sports ball manufacturing industry in the town of Sialkot, in the Province of Punjab, Pakistan. The net living wage and living expenses are updated to December 2019 to take into account the amount of inflation since the last update in December 2018. Without accounting for inflation, the net living wage estimated in 2019 would not be sufficient for workers to have a basic but decent standard of living because the purchasing power of the living wage would have decreased compared to what it was in 2018. Similarly, living expenses for a reference family are also updated to December 2019 to account for inflation. |
| Keywords: | Living Wage, Pakistan, urban, sportsball manufacturing, Anker Methodology. |
| JEL: | D10 J13 J22 J30 J80 |
| Date: | 2019–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iad:glliwa:190419&r= |