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on Sports and Economics |
| By: | Ruud Koning (Department of Economics and Econometrics, University of Groningen); Victor Matheson (Department of Economics and Accounting, College of the Holy Cross); Anil Nathan (Department of Economics and Accounting, College of the Holy Cross); James Pantano (Department of Economics and Accounting, College of the Holy Cross) |
| Abstract: | The National Football League (NFL) has recently received significant negative media attention surrounding the safety of its players, revolving largely around the long term health risks of playing the sport. Recent premature deaths and instances of suicide associated with chronic traumatic encephalopathy and other football related injuries have brought the sport under increased scrutiny. By comparing mortality rates of the general population to mortality rates of players from the 1970 and 1994 NFL seasons, we test whether or not participation in football is significantly harmful to the longevity of the players. We conclude that, in total, players in the NFL have lower mortality rates than the general population. However, there is evidence that line players have higher mortality rates than other players and that those who played more games have higher mortality rates than those who played fewer games. |
| Keywords: | National Football League, premature deaths, survivability, injuries |
| JEL: | L83 I10 I19 |
| Date: | 2014–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:spe:wpaper:1401&r=spo |
| By: | Anna Gerke (Audencia Recherche - Audencia, CIAMS - Complexité, Innovation, Activités Motrices et Sportives - UP11 - Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11, University of Auckland [Auckland] - University of Auckland); Nicolas Chanavat (CIAMS - Complexité, Innovation, Activités Motrices et Sportives - UP11 - Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11); Maureen Benson-Rea (University of Auckland [Auckland] - University of Auckland) |
| Abstract: | While much marketing research has focused on brand creation and management, less isknown about the creation of sport brands. This paper complements the stakeholder model of brandingand brand creation, which highlights the role of a firm's stakeholders in the analysis of brands, byincluding country-specific factors based on location and Country-of-Origin (CoO). Using a sample ofinnovative New Zealand-based firms, our qualitative study uses a comparative case method in twosubsector settings to investigate how they have built outdoor sport brands based on that country'sparticular country-specific factors. We show how firms are able to leverage New Zealand's strong sportproduct category-country associations to create brand value. Our findings confirm that CoO imagetogether with sport product category-country associations enables the creation of brands in sportproduct categories. Our paper contributes to theory and practice by extending understanding of brandcreation by demonstrating the importance of location and product category. Further researchdirections are suggested. |
| Date: | 2014–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01081136&r=spo |