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on Sports and Economics |
| By: | Lechner, Michael; Sari, Nazmi |
| Abstract: | Based on the Canadian National Population Health Survey we estimate the effects of individ-ual sports and exercise on individual labor market outcomes. The data covers the period from 1994 to 2008. It is longitudinal and rich in life-style, health, and physical activity in-formation. Exploiting these features of the data allows for a credible identification of the effects as well as for estimating dose-response relationships. Generally, we confirm previous findings of posi tive long-run income effects. However, an activity level above the current recommendation of the WHO for minimum physical activity is required to reap in the long-run benefits. |
| JEL: | I12 I18 L83 |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc14:100624&r=spo |
| By: | Jetter, Michael (Universidad EAFIT); Walker, Jay K. (Niagara University) |
| Abstract: | This paper identifies matches on the male and female professional tennis tours in which one player faces a high payoff from being “on the bubble” of direct entry into one of the lucrative Grand Slam tournaments, while their opposition does not. Analyzing over 378,000 matches provides strong evidence for corrupt behavior on the men's tour, as bubble players are substantially more likely to beat better ranked opponents when a win is desperately needed. However, we find no such evidence on the women's tour. These results prevail throughout a series of extensions and robustness checks, highlighting gender differences regarding corrupt and unethical behavior, but also concerning collusion. We especially find evidence for collusion once monetary incentives are further increased. Finally, the market for sports betting does not seem to be aware of this phenomenon, suggesting a market imperfection and further confirming our suspicion of irregular activities in men's tennis. |
| Keywords: | cheating, corruption, gender differences, Oaxaca decomposition, sport, tennis |
| JEL: | D73 J16 L83 Z13 |
| Date: | 2015–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp8824&r=spo |
| By: | Nejat Anbarci (Deakin University); Ching-Jen Sun (Deakin University); M. Utku Ünver (Boston College) |
| Abstract: | In the current FIFA penalty shootout mechanism, a coin toss decides which team will kick first. Empirical evidence suggests that the team taking the first kick has a higher probability to win a shootout. We design sequentially fair shootout mechanisms such that in all symmetric Markov-perfect equilibria each of the skill-balanced teams has exactly 50% chance to win whenever the score is tied at any round. Consistent with empirical evidence, we show that the current mechanism is not sequentially fair and characterize all sequentially fair mechanisms. Taking additional desirable properties into consideration, we propose and uniquely characterize a practical mechanism. |
| Keywords: | Fairness, mechanism design, soccer, penalty shootouts, market design, axiomatic approach |
| JEL: | D63 C79 |
| Date: | 2015–01–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:boc:bocoec:871&r=spo |
| By: | Logan McLeod; Jane E. Ruseski |
| Abstract: | Health production models include participation in physical activity as an input. We investigate the longitudinal relationship between participation in physical activity and health outcomes using a random effects probit model and a dynamic unobserved effect probit model. Estimates based on data from 8 cycles of the Canadian National Population Health Survey (NPHS) indicate lagged participation in physical activity has a modest negative effect on the incidence of high blood pressure, ulcers, arthritis, and heart disease. Lagged participation in physical activity has a relatively large negative effect on the probability of being in fair or poor health self-reported health. |
| Keywords: | health production, physical activity, lifestyle choices, random effects probit, dynamic unobserved effects probit |
| JEL: | I12 I18 |
| Date: | 2015–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cch:wpaper:150002&r=spo |
| By: | Eiji Yamamura |
| Abstract: | A university long-distance relay road race, the Hakone Ekiden, is widely acknowledged as the most popular New Yearfs sporting event in Japan. The event is held immediately prior to the university application period in Japan. Using Japanese panel data for 2001-2014, this study examined how the Hakone Ekiden race influences the behavior of students preparing for university entrance examinations. The major finding is that the number of applicants for a university is 3% larger when the university participated in the race than when it did not. Further, universities finishing in the top three in the race saw a 4% increase in the number of applicants compared with other universities that participated in the race. A 1% increase in the television viewing rate for the race led to a 1% increase in the number of applicants for the universities participating in the race. It follows that advertising universities on television would be effective in the university market. |
| Date: | 2015–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dpr:wpaper:0922&r=spo |