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on Sociology of Economics |
| By: | Francesca Truffa; Ashley Wong |
| Abstract: | Can diversity lead to greater research focus on populations underrepresented in science? Between 1960 and 1990, 76 all-male US universities transitioned to coeducation. Using a generalized difference-in-differences design, we find that coeducation led to a 44% increase in gender-related research publications. This increase is driven by research focused on female subjects and gender differences. While coeducation led to a compositional shift with more women and researchers interested in gender topics, much of the increase comes from male incumbent researchers shifting their research focus toward gender-related topics. The results support interaction with more diverse students and peers as key underlying mechanisms. |
| Keywords: | gender diversity, direction of innovation, scientific research |
| JEL: | J16 O31 O34 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11294 |
| By: | Catherine Esnard (CeRCA [Poitiers, Tours] - Centre de recherches sur la cognition et l'apprentissage [UMR 7295] - UP - Université de Poitiers = University of Poitiers - UT - Université de Tours - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Rebeca da Rocha Grangeiro (UPN SSA - Université Paris Nanterre - UFR Sciences sociales et administration - UPN - Université Paris Nanterre, LAPPS - Laboratoire Parisien de Psychologie Sociale - UP8 - Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis - UPN - Université Paris Nanterre) |
| Abstract: | Despite significant improvements, women are still underrepresented at high levels in academia. Most research on these inequalities is conducted within a specific national academic system, without taking into account its cultural roots. The aim of the present study was to analyze the extent to which the cultural context acts as a barrier on women's career progression. Specifically, we focused on psychological processes described under the metaphor of Queen Bee Phenomenon that may reflect the ways in which female academics conform to male-gender roles encoded in androcentric social and academic culture. Two samples of women academic, one French (N = 73), the other Brazilian (N = 88), were compared through the lens of two dimension of the Queen Bee Phenomena: self-group distancing and gender hierarchy legitimation. Brazilian women identify more with their female peer group than their French counterparts. French women are more hostile to quotas and more inclined to adhere to meritocratic discourses than their Brazilian counterparts. Both academic contexts tend to perpetuate gender inequalities, but in different ways: by maintaining gender-stereotypical expectations in Brazil and meritocratic ideology in France. The implications for policies to promote a more egalitarian university context are discussed herein. |
| Keywords: | academic carrier, culture, gender, inequality, queen bee phenomena |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04750608 |
| By: | Ajab Khan (University of Portsmouth); Ali Sina Önder (University of Portsmouth); Sercan Ozcan (University of Portsmouth) |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the causal effects of the United Kingdom's (UK) Research Excellence Framework (REF) on international research collaborations and female participation in these collaborations in peer-reviewed journal publications in Economics and Business. Using synthetic difference-in-differences and propensity score matching, we analyze data from 98 UK universities (treated) and 116 US universities (control) from 2001 to 2021. Our results show that REF has significantly increased international collaborations by 20.4 percentage points and female participation in these collaborations by 5.6 percentage points across UK universities. Our results also reveal disparities between Russell Group and non-Russell Group universities, with Russell Group universities experiencing a more pronounced effect on fostering female participation in international collaborations. This study contributes to the existing literature by providing causal evidence on the effects of performance-based research funding systems on international collaborations and gender diversity in these collaborations. |
| Keywords: | Performance-Based Research Funding; International Research Collaborations; Female Participation |
| JEL: | I23 O38 J16 O32 |
| Date: | 2024–11–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pbs:ecofin:2024-08 |
| By: | Verónica Amarante (Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y de Administración. Instituto de Economía); Marisa Bucheli (Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Ciencias Sociales); Tatiana Pérez (Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Ciencias Sociales) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the link between the ideological profile of Uruguayan economists and their opinions regarding inequality and discrimination. Drawing on data from an online survey of Uruguayan economists, we explore the links between their economic opinions and three dimensions of ideology: political orientation, sexist attitudes (benevolent and hostile sexism), and pro-market views. Economists' opinions encompass diagnostic assessments of inequality and discrimination, as well as views on specific policies designed to address these issues. Using ordered probit models, we find that right-wing political ideology, hostile sexism, and pro-market attitudes are associated with a lower likelihood of agreeing that income distribution in Uruguay should be more equitable and that women face barriers to full-time employment. These ideological factors are also linked to a higher likelihood of believing that there are equal gender and race opportunities in Uruguay. Benevolent sexism exhibits a more mixed relationship with opinions on inequality and discrimination. Furthermore, we show that economists' diagnoses of inequality and discrimination mediate the relationship between ideological variables and their policy preferences. Our results point to the need for greater introspection within the discipline regarding the influence of personal values and beliefs on economic analysis and policy recommendations. Our findings challenge the notion of economics as a purely objective and unbiased discipline, revealing significant associations between ideological factors, economists' perceptions of inequality and discrimination, and their support for specific policies. |
| Keywords: | Ideology, Discrimination, Sexism, Inequality |
| JEL: | A13 D63 J16 |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulr:wpaper:dt-07-24 |