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on Sociology of Economics |
| By: | Clément Bosquet (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Pierre-Philippe Combes (ECON - Département d'économie (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CEPR - Center for Economic Policy Research - CEPR); Emeric Henry (ECON - Département d'économie (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CEPR - Center for Economic Policy Research - CEPR); Thierry Mayer (ECON - Département d'économie (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CEPR - Center for Economic Policy Research - CEPR) |
| Abstract: | Using an instrument based on a national contest in France determining researchers' location, we find evidence of peer effects in academia, when focusing on precise groups of senders (producing the spillovers) and receivers (benefiting from the spillovers), defined based on field of specialisation, gender and age. These peer effects are present even outside formal co-authorship relationships. Furthermore, the match between the characteristics of senders and receivers plays a critical role. In particular, men benefit a lot from peer effects provided by other men, while all other types of gender combinations produce spillovers twice as small. Part of the peer effects results from researchers switching research fields. |
| Keywords: | Economics of science,Peer effects,Research productivity,Gender publication gap |
| Date: | 2022–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:cesptp:hal-03874070&r=sog |
| By: | Lorenzo Ductor (Department of Economic Theory and Economic History, University of Granada.); Anja Prummer (Johannes Kepler University Linz, Queen Mary University London.) |
| Abstract: | We consider the implications of gender homophily in Economics, which has persisted despite the significant increase in women in the field. As women remain underrepresented, gender homophily may serve as a constraint in collaboration. It could also lead to less gender diverse co-author teams than may be optimal in terms of generating high quality research papers. We show that gender homophily neither constrains collaboration nor prevents higher quality output. Gender diversity is not an asset in Economics. |
| Keywords: | Homophily, Collaboration, Diversity, Research Quality. |
| JEL: | D85 J16 O30 |
| Date: | 2022–12–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gra:wpaper:22/18&r=sog |
| By: | Hamermesh, Daniel S. (University of Texas at Austin); Kosnik, Lea-Rachel (University of Missouri-St. Louis) |
| Abstract: | The scholarly impact of academic research matters for academic promotions, influence, relevance to public policy, and others. Focusing on writing style in top-level professional journals, we examine how it changes with age, how stylistic differences and age affect impact, and how style and prior scholarly output relate to an author's subsequent achievements and labor-force decisions. As top-level scholars age, their writing style increasingly differs from others'. The impact (measured by citations) of each contribution decreases, due to the direct effect of age and the much smaller indirect effects through style. Non-native English speakers write in a different style from others, in ways that reduce the impact of their research. Scholars produce less top-flight work as they age, especially those who have produced less in the recent past, whose work is less cited, and whose styles have been more positive. Previously less productive authors are more likely to retire. |
| Keywords: | aging, citations, bibliometrics, language |
| JEL: | B41 A14 |
| Date: | 2022–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp15739&r=sog |
| By: | Anna Costello; Ekaterina Fedorova; Zhijing Jin; Rada Mihalcea |
| Abstract: | Do societal pressures encourage women to be more uncertain than their male counterparts? We explore this question in the context of academic publishing, by examining the evolution of cautionary language used in manuscripts over the course of the review process. Comparing pre-submission versions of manuscripts to their published versions reveals a robust pattern: in first drafts of academic manuscripts, male and female authors write with similar levels of uncertainty. However, when we trace those early drafts to their published versions, an 11 point gap in uncertainty arises. We take a multi-method approach to isolate the role of gender in changes in uncertainty, including extensive control variables and fixed effects, and by training an NLP model to simulate all-else-equal counterfactual observations. Finally, we explore the role of individual editors in contributing to the gender gap in changes in uncertainty; we do so by constructing a network of author-to-editor matches that allow us to extract editor-specific fixed effects, capturing how a particular editor influences female-authored papers relative to male-authored papers (the editor's author-gender gap). We find considerable variation in editors' author-gender gaps and find that these editor-specific effects account for significant variation in the changes in uncertainty of an article through the review process. Finally, we show that an editor's author-gender gap correlates with observable editor characteristics such as societal norms in their country-of-origin, their work history, and the year that they obtained their PhD. Overall, our study speaks to the critical role of editors in shaping how female academics communicate. |
| Date: | 2022–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2212.02581&r=sog |
| By: | Laurent Bergé (BSE - Bordeaux Sciences Economiques - UB - Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Thorsten Doherr; Katrin Hussinger |
| Abstract: | How do intellectual property rights influence academic science? We investigate the consequences of the introduction of software patents in the U.S. on the publications of university researchers in the field of computer science. Difference-in-difference estimations reveal that software scientists at U.S. universities produced fewer publications (both in terms of quantity and quality) than their European counterparts after patent rights for software inventions were introduced. We then introduce a theoretical model that accounts for substitution and complementarity between patenting and publishing as well as for the direction of research. In line with the model's prediction, further results show that the decrease in publications is largest for scientists at the bottom of the ability distribution. Further, we evidence a change in the direction of research following the reform towards more applied research. |
| Keywords: | Patent rights, Publications, Economics of science, Difference-in-difference estimation, Model of science production |
| Date: | 2022–12–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-03891266&r=sog |
| By: | Pablo Nemina; Alejandro Gaggero |
| Abstract: | Resumen: La dolarización del mercado inmobiliario argentino se instaló a finales de la década de 1970 y —luego de una fugaz retracción— se consolidó en la década siguiente. Los pocos trabajos que analizan la problemática conciben a la dolarización como la adaptación racional ante la inflación o una condena cultural. Este artículo busca aportar a los estudios de sociología económica sobre la determinación cualitativa de los precios. Desde una perspectiva de sociología económica, se analiza cómo las transformaciones en el régimen institucional de política económica llevadas adelante por la última dictadura militar (1976-1983), y los cambios en las expectativas de los actores económicos, incidieron en la dolarización del mercado inmobiliario iniciada a finales de la década de 1970 y consolidada a comienzos de la década siguiente. Menos que una adaptación automática de la población, se plantea que la dolarización fue el resultado de tres procesos que confluyeron en esos anos: la liberalización cambiaria y financiera, que favoreció el acceso a la divisa norteamericana; la mercantilización de la vivienda; y la institucionalización de la inflación. Se trató de un proceso no exento de retrocesos y decididamente no buscado por el gobierno. Abstract: The Argentinean real estate market dollarization was installed in the late 1970s and, after a brief retraction, was consolidated in the following decade. The few studies that analyze the problem conceive dollarization as a rational adaptation to inflation or a cultural rout. This paper seeks to contribute to economic sociology studies on the qualitative determination of prices. From an economic sociology perspective, how the changes in the economic policy institutional framework carried out by the military dictatorship, and changes in economic actors’ expectations, influenced the dollarization of the housing market is examined. Beyond an automatic adaptation by the population, it is argued that the housing market dollarization was the result of three processes that came together in those years: the exchange rate and financial liberalization, which favoured access to the US currency; the commodification of housing; and institutionalization of inflation. Also, it was a process not without setbacks and decidedly not promoted by the government. |
| Keywords: | dolarización, mercado inmobiliario, Argentina, inflación, indexación, expectativas económicas, mercantilización de la vivienda, neoliberalismo; dollarization, real estate market, Argentina, inflation, indexation, economic expectations, housing commodification, Neoliberalism |
| JEL: | A14 D81 D84 R30 |
| Date: | 2022–03–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:col:000418:020595&r=sog |