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on Sociology of Economics |
| By: | Matthias Aistleitner (Institute for Comprehensive Analysis of the Economy, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria); Stephan Puehringer (Institute for Comprehensive Analysis of the Economy, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria) |
| Abstract: | Trade liberalization during the neoliberal era since the 1980s has been on the political agenda of many countries. However, in recent years and especially in the course of rising populist movements, protectionist measures seem to be gaining importance again. Nationalist economic policies challenge the overly positive view on economic integration and the reduction of trade barriers established by standard economic theory. In contrast to politicians, for quite a long time the great majority of economists explicitly publicly supported trade liberalization policies. In this paper, we show how trade and trade related policies are addressed and framed in professional economic discourses. Thus, we follow a mixed-method-approach and combine quantitative textual analysis with critical discourse analysis to highlight dominant narratives and imaginaries present in these debates. By analyzing more than 400 trade-related research articles published in high-impact economic journals we highlight three core trade narratives which constitute the elite economists trade discourse: First, “free trade cheerleading†describes a clear link between the alleged lopsidedness of economists in favoring free trade (policies) in the public and academic debate. Second, “Ignorance in a world full of nails†relates to particular methodological and conceptual leanings in the profession, which seem to deepen the dominance of an overall positive evaluation of trade. And third, “success breeds exporting breeds success†postulates a positive causal relation between a firm’s economic performance and its export orientation. We conclude that the narrow perspective in economic elite debates prevents a more comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted challenges related to international integration. |
| Keywords: | trade narratives, trade policies, discourse analysis, sociology of economics, textual analysis, top economic journals |
| Date: | 2020–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ico:wpaper:110&r=all |
| By: | Bosquet, Clément; Combes, Pierre-Philippe; Henry, Emeric; Mayer, Thierry |
| Abstract: | Using an instrument based on a national contest in France determining researchers' location, we fi nd evidence of peereffects in academia, when focusing on precise groups of senders (producing the spillovers) and receivers (benefi ting from the spillovers),defi ned based on fi eld of specialisation, gender and age. These peereffects are shown to exist even outside formal co-authorship relationships. Furthermore, the match between the characteristics of senders and receivers plays a critical role. In particular, men benefi t a lot from peer effects provided by men, while all other types of gender combinations produce spillovers twice as small. |
| Keywords: | economics of science; gender publication gap; peer e�ects; Research productivity |
| JEL: | I23 J16 J24 |
| Date: | 2020–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:14376&r=all |
| By: | Moustafa, Khaled |
| Abstract: | Open and free access to scientific knowledge keeps scientists up to date with latest achievements in their respective fields to find solutions to health, environmental and technical issues. One of the most efficient venues in this regard is preprint servers- open repositories that allow authors to post their manuscripts ahead of formal peer review/publishing in traditional journals. The use and recognition of preprints as an essential part of science landscape are on the rise worldwide. In 2018, a European funder coalition, called Coalition S, has been formed and issued an open access plan, called Plan S, that requires authors of studies funded by the Coalition to publish their manuscripts- starting from January 2021- in open-access journals or repositories that meet the guidelines of Plan S. Many publishers and researchers welcomed the Plan S as a step forward to promote openness and free access to publicly funded research. To fit with the Plan S and open science actions, I'd propose a dedicated European preprint server/repository- called EuroRxiv (for European arXiv: https://eurorxiv.eu). The project- still under construction- is an individual initiative, and interested funders and European institutions (Universities, Coalition S, EuroScience, European Research Council "ERC", EuroDoc, etc.) are welcome to join/sponsor the project. EuroRxiv will be a multidisciplinary and multilingual repository that will accept manuscripts (preprints and postprints) in the various European languages. If well-funded and supported, EuroRxiv can become the European open science repository that help authors and research funded by the Coalition S meet the plan S's rules in the dissemination of scientific knowledge freely and transparently. |
| Date: | 2020–06–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:frenxi:ey459&r=all |