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on Sociology of Economics |
| By: | Bijedic, Teita; Maass, Frank; Schröder, Christian; Werner, Arndt |
| Abstract: | Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler an Hochschulen verfügen über ein hohes Maß an innovativem Wissen, das die ideale Ausgangsbasis für eine Unternehmensgründung darstellen kann. Bisher fehlte jedoch eine umfassende empirische Analyse, inwieweit die bestehenden Rahmenbedingungen tatsächlich die Gründungsneigung von Hochschulmitarbeitern beeinflussen. Hier setzt die vorliegende Studie an, indem sie die Wirkung der verschiedenen Einflussfaktoren (die Arbeitsbedingungen, Netzwerkbeziehungen und gründungsfördernde Hochschulangebote) untersucht und potenzielle institutionelle Handlungsfelder identifiziert. Die Befragung von 5.992 Wissenschaftlern an 73 deutschen Hochschulen hat dabei gezeigt, dass insbesondere Forschungsanreize und die erfolgreiche Vermarktung eigener Forschungsergebnisse, aber auch Rollenvorbilder im kollegialen Umfeld, Netzwerke - hier insbesondere zu externen Partnern - und spezifische Infrastrukturangebote gründungsfördernd wirken. |
| Abstract: | Knowledge of great commercial value is unexploited in universities. Thus, policy makers have started to foster knowledge transfer activities by incentivizing academic entrepreneurship. To date, however, little is known whether the incentives provided so far by the universities have raised the start-up inclination of their scientific staff. Using data of 5,992 academic scientists in 73 German universities, we analyze how working conditions, network structures, and institutions affect the likelihood of the scientific staff to get engaged in entrepreneurial activity. We find that for example role models ("peers") as well as the infrastructure - namely consulting offers, start-up camps, awards and patent exploitation agencies - have a strong positive impact on the entrepreneurial propensity of scientists. |
| Keywords: | Hochschulgründungen,Technologietransfer,Gründungsförderung,Academic Entrepreneurship,Knowledge Transfer,Start-Up Promotion |
| JEL: | D02 H52 I23 I28 L26 M13 O31 O38 |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ifmmat:233&r=sog |
| By: | Haucap, Justus; Thomas, Tobias; Wagner, Gert G. |
| Abstract: | Das vorliegende Papier zeigt, dass die seit Jahrzehnten andauernde Klagen wissenschaftlich tätiger Ökonomen, dass Öffentlichkeit und Politik nicht genug auf Ergebnisse der ökonomischen Forschung hören, zumindest für Deutschland im Quervergleich zu anderen Wissenschaften in Bezug auf das mediale Interessen an ökonomischen Erkenntnissen nicht gerechtfertigt sind. Es wird in bemerkenswerter Weise von der Resonanz kontrastiert, die Ökonomen in Deutschland im Vergleich zu anderen Wissenschaftlern in den Medien genießen. Auch in Kreisen wirtschaftspolitischer Entscheidungsträger finden Ökonomen deutlich mehr Gehör als NichtÖkonomen. Keine andere Wissenschaft erreicht in den Medien und bei Wirtschaftspolitikern auch nur annährend die gleiche Aufmerksamkeit wie die Ökonomie. Die empirische Evidenz zeigt zugleich aber auch, dass Aussagen wissenschaftlicher Experten in den Medien in der Regel nur etwa ein bis zwei Prozent aller Aussagen ausmachen. Damit bleiben nahezu alle Experten unterhalb der Wahrnehmungsschwelle für das breitere Publikum und entfalten so kaum öffentliche Wirkung. |
| Keywords: | Politikberatung,Ökonomen,Nicht-Ökonomen,Medien,Entscheidungsträger,Institutionen |
| JEL: | A11 A14 Z18 |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:diceop:70&r=sog |
| By: | Müller-Langer, Frank; Watt, Richard |
| Abstract: | We study the hybrid open access (HOA) citation effect. Under HOA Pilot agreements, HOA is assigned for all articles of eligible authors. We use unique data on 208 (1,121) HOA (closed access) economics articles. We control for the quality of journals, articles and institutions and citations to RePec pre-prints. Performing Poisson quasi-maximum likelihood regressions, HOA turns out to be a significant predictor of citations with marginal effects ranging between 22% and 26%. However, once we additionally control for institution quality and citations to RePEc pre-prints, the marginal HOA citation advantage turns out to insignificant and drops to 0.4%. |
| Keywords: | Hybrid open access, diffusion processes, citation effects |
| JEL: | A11 L17 O33 |
| Date: | 2014–01–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:61801&r=sog |
| By: | Phoebe Koundouri; Osiel Gonzalez Davila; Amerissa Giannouli; Nikolaos Kourogenis (Department of Banking and Financial Management, University of Piraeus.); Anastasios Xepapadeas; Peter A. Xepapadeas |
| Abstract: | Open Access initiatives, corresponding to unrestricted online access to peer-reviewed scholarly research are developed around the world and supported by research organizations and institutions. European Commission has launched in August 2008 the OpenAIRE (Open Access Infrastructure for Research in Europe) project, supporting Open Access in scientific information and research output. OpenAIRE connects institutional and thematic repositories, Open Access journals and Current Research Information Systems (CRIS), developing and promoting interoperability mechanisms for the efficient dissemination of scientific content, and monitoring uptake of funders� Open Access policies. In this paper we assess the economic sustainability of the OpenAIRE project. We use a Cost-Benefit Analysis framework in order to evaluate and compare the costs and benefits of OpenAIRE services, and provide explicit recommendations on the project�s economic efficiency and sustainable existence. OpenAIRE costs are explicitly documented in the market. OpenAIRE benefits, however, are not directly linked to specific market prices. As such these benefits can only be retrieved via the use of non-market valuation econometric methods. In this paper we apply a non-market valuation method based on the results of a �Choice Experiment�. Our approach is based on the elicitation of individual stakeholders� stated preferences and their aggregation over their relevant populations, yielding estimates of the Total Economic Value (TEV) generated by OpenAIRE. To this end, we identified, prioritized and mapped the relevant stakeholders based on their familiarity with Open Access and OpenAIRE, and their willingness to engage with similar initiatives. Then, we created two different questionnaires for researchers and non-researchers, using a full preference ranking approach. For the researchers we used budget reallocation from teaching/research budget and from infrastructure/library/administration budget. We estimate that the average OpenAIRE stakeholder�s Willingness to Pay (WTP) is 1763.13 �/institution/year for the basic services provided by OpenAIRE. OpenAIRE stakeholders prefer to have more interoperability between research platforms and research output, better access to scientific results and compliance to Open Access mandates. Applying a cost benefit analysis, we estimated that the net social benefits for the basic services for 15 years add up to 5,724,000 �, which are at least 5 times higher than costs� present value. Moreover, using Jone�s R&D based model, we estimated the potential R&D effect from research suggests even larger benefits in the long run with a Benefit/Cost ratio of 71.82, 95.75 and 115.58 for 50, 75 and 100 years, respectively. Risk analysis supports the robustness of the study�s results under different assumptions on future costs and benefits. Subscriptions based on the estimated WTP and cost, institutional subsidies and public awareness were our main recommendations for the sustainable operation of OpenAIRE. This study contributes to the literature on monetary valuation of the benefits and costs of Open Access to scientific knowledge. |
| Keywords: | Open access, OpenAIRE, research, economic valuation, choice experiment, rank-ordered logit, cost benefit analysis |
| Date: | 2015–02–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:1503&r=sog |