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on South East Asia |
| By: | Wishnu Badrawani; Elsa Dyahpitaloka; Ahmad F. F. Alanshori; Imam Mukhlis |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the relationship between coin demand, payment innovation, COVID-19, and a coin's purchasing power, particularly in emerging countries like Indonesia. The rapid advancement of payment platforms, combined with high adoption during the pandemic, has positioned non-cash payments as a complement or substitute for coin money for transactions. However, there is notably limited coin-money-related research in the economic literature. Employing the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test methodology's cointegration approach using monthly data from 2011 to 2022, our findings reveal a long-term relationship between coin demand and its determinants: payment innovations, the pandemic, coin depreciation, and income. Despite the swift advancement of payment innovations and their usage, coins remain vital to the economy and are unlikely to become obsolete soon. Our study offers essential policy recommendations and enriches the field of knowledge on coin money demand. Policymakers must understand the driving factors of coin demand in both economic and non-economic contexts to improve coin production-related issues and coin circulation policies. Reviewing the Rupiah denomination structure is crucial in addressing the problem of ineffective coin circulation in the economy. |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2603.27717 |
| By: | Nguyen, Duc Manh (Monash University) |
| Abstract: | This study investigates how the experience of conflict and the framing of post-conflict identity affect trust. In a pre-registered laboratory experiment in Vietnam, implemented shortly after the celebration of the 50th anniversary of the end of the war, 534 partici- pants were randomly assigned to either a treatment group that engaged in a multi-round competitive game intended to simulate conflict (called the “Attacker/Defender†game) (Gross et al., 2022) before playing the Trust game under four identity framings: paired with someone from the opposing group of the conflict, the same group, with no information about partner’s prior group, or with a new, neutral group identity designed to symbolically represent an absence of relation with conflict, or a control group which only take part in the Trust Game. We find that playing the Attacker/Defender game (i.e., being exposed to conflict in the lab) lowers trust by 13–21%, regardless of which side participants were in the conflict. |
| Keywords: | Trust ; Intergroup Conflict ; Identity Framing ; Laboratory Experiment JEL classifications: D91 ; Z13 ; D83 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wrk:wrkesp:94 |
| By: | Nopparuj Chindasombatcharoen; Phumsith Mahasuweerachai |
| Abstract: | Reducing environmental damage from agricultural systems is a critical priority for governments. Particularly, rice farmers in developing nations frequently resort to the environmentally harmful practice of post-harvest residue burning. Promotion of practices to mitigate burning is met with differing degrees of success. Through experimental research with farmers in Thailand, this study examines the impact of temporary cost and income subsidies on the reduction of burning by farmers with differing financial attributes. Financial characteristics were modelled by imposing budget constraints on participants through varying initial endowments. The findings indicated that temporary subsidies were effective in not only the short-term during provision but also in the longterm after subsidies ended. Additionally, several psychological impacts contributing to disparities in adoption rates were identified, including the perceived need for obtaining more income among budget-constrained individuals and the noteworthy impact of loss aversion on long-term adoption decisions. The study’s insights offer valuable contributions to understanding smallholder farmers’ behaviours in accepting temporary subsidies for sustainable agriculture and provides policymakers with practical strategies to alleviate the harmful consequences of conventional farming practices. |
| Keywords: | Sustainable agriculture; Crop residue burning; Field experiment; Financial incentives; Smallholder farmers; Budget constraints |
| JEL: | D91 O13 H23 |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pui:dpaper:247 |
| By: | Alicia Garc¡a Herrero (Natixis); Rajeswari Sengupta (Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research) |
| Abstract: | Despite strong GDP growth and favourable demographics, India faces an impending jobs crisis. A large share of the workforce remains stuck in low-productivity agriculture, while new entrants are increasingly absorbed into the informal sector. By contrast, China's rapid growth was driven by manufacturing-led, export-oriented industrialisation, supported by substantial foreign direct investment and sustained technology transfer. India's manufacturing sector remains relatively small, and formal employment is concentrated in skill-intensive services. This paper compares the development trajectories of India and China and identifies four underutilised levers in India: manufacturing, goods exports, manufacturing-oriented foreign direct investment, and innovation. While each remains underdeveloped, together they offer a pathway to more labour-intensive and durable growth. Given the need to create 8-10 million jobs annually, job creation must become an explicit policy priority. We argue that this requires greater trade openness, particularly with Asia and Europe, to integrate India into global value chains; deeper labour market reforms, including effective implementation of the new labour codes; and stronger innovation and skills ecosystems aligned with industrialisation. Absent such structural shifts, India's current pattern of jobless growth risks turning its demographic dividend into a long-term liability. |
| Keywords: | GDP growth, Jobs, Exports, Foreign Direct Investment, Manufacturing, Innovation |
| JEL: | E2 E6 F1 F4 |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ind:igiwpp:2026-002 |
| By: | Qayoom Khachoo (Indian Institute of Foreign Trade); Ridwan Ah Sheikh (Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research); Pritam Banerjee (Indian Institute of Foreign Trade) |
| Abstract: | This study leverages India's Patents (Amendment) Act, 2002, as a quasi-natural experiment within a difference-in-differences framework to examine how domestic reforms related to patents may affect firms' export behavior and their integration to the global value chains. Exploiting a detailed firm-level database covering the universe of Indian manufacturing firms, we find that heightened patent protection is associated with approximately a 18 increase in exports and a 12 increase in total imports among high-tech firms relative to low-tech firms, even including firm, year, and industry-by-year fixed effects. We further show that stronger enforcement of intellectual property rights (IPRs) has a positive impact on firms' imports of intermediate inputs. Specifically, high-tech firms experienced 20 increase in raw-material imports relative to their low-tech counterparts. In contrast, the reform was associated with a significant reduction in imports of spares and stores. While the average treatment effects on capital and final goods imports remain insignificant, event-study estimates suggest positive and statistically significant effects, albeit with a delay. This study provides policy-relevant evidence that stronger IPRs in emerging market economies such as India enhance firms' trade performance by stimulating innovation, promoting technology transfer and adoption, and enabling access to advanced global inputs. |
| Keywords: | IPRs, Exports, Imports, Global value chains, Difference-in-Differences |
| JEL: | F13 F14 O30 O33 O34 |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ind:igiwpp:2026-001 |
| By: | Hiroyuki Oi; Shigenori Shiratsuka; Shunichi Yoneyama |
| Abstract: | Shadow short-term interest rate (SSR) models are expected to provide effective monetary policy indicators under the effective lower bound (ELB) constraint on nominal interest rates. This paper revisits the SSR models using yield curve data from the prolonged ultra-low interest rate environment in Japan. Specifically, this paper compares the various specifications of the SSR models based on the Nelson-Siegel model by focusing on a trade-off between estimation performance and theoretical consistency. This paper highlights the importance of evaluating monetary policy easing effects using the entire yield curve fluctuations, rather than relying solely on SSR estimates, especially in the ultra-low interest rate environment in Japan. |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tcr:wpaper:e228 |
| By: | Koichiro Kamada (Faculty of Business and Commerce, Keio University) |
| Abstract: | We propose a simple method for estimating multiple natural rates in a system of simultaneous equations. Our estimators of natural rates are closely related to the HP filter and accessible by many practitioners. As an application, Japan’s potential output and natural foreign exchange rate are estimated. It is shown that Japan’s potential output has been growing, but the natural foreign exchange rate has experienced stepwise downward shifts since the beginning of the 21st century. While Japan suffered the long-lasting stagnation, emerging markets, particularly China, achieved tremendous economic growth. The declines in the natural foreign exchange rate indicate Japan’s lost competitiveness in the world economy clearly. |
| Keywords: | Phillips curve, net export, potential output, output gap, exchange rate, productivity, international competitiveness, HP filter |
| JEL: | C13 C32 E31 E32 F14 F41 O47 |
| Date: | 2026–03–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:keo:dpaper:dp2026-005 |
| By: | Md Mizanur Rahman Sarker; Sumaia Jannat (Department of Agricultural Statistics, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh.); Arpita Rani Mohanta; Ramisa Anjum |
| Abstract: | Food and nutrition security in Bangladesh is a multifaceted issue encompassing four fundamental dimensions: availability, access, utilization, and stability. Each dimension is influenced by various determinants, including economic factors, social conditions, and governance structures. This study examines key indicators of poverty and food insecurity in Bangladesh as of 2024, highlighting the dietary practices across different demographic groups. Detailed analysis of the consumption of ten food groups over a seven-day dietary recall reveals distinct patterns among adolescent girls and boys, adult women and men, and elderly populations differentiated by place of residence. Despite progress, trends indicate persistent undernutrition among children and fluctuating BMI levels among Review Article ever-married women over time. From 2014 to 2023, the agricultural sector exhibited growth in value added, alongside a significant share of rural households engaged in livestock and poultry production. The study further explores projections indicating a rise in total food consumption from 2015 to 2030, juxtaposed with the escalating cost of a healthy diet, posing affordability challenges for vulnerable populations. Coping strategies employed by households often involve unsustainable practices that threaten long-term food security. Key nutrition indicators underscore ongoing challenges while strategic developments in 2024 reflect concerted efforts to improve nutrition outcomes. The average dietary energy supply adequacy over recent years provides additional context on national nutrition status. |
| Keywords: | nutrition strategies, food affordability, food system dynamics, policy, undernutrition, Bangladesh, nutrition security, Food security, Food security nutrition security Bangladesh undernutrition nutrition strategies food affordability food system dynamics policy |
| Date: | 2025–10–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05487621 |
| By: | Scholz, Tobias; Wigger, Leo |
| Abstract: | The parliamentary elections held in Bangladesh on 12 February 2026 marked a turning point in the country's recent history. In August 2024, Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, who had served for a total of 20 years, with one interruption, was removed from office. An interim government led by Nobel Peace Prize laureate Muhammad Yunus subsequently took power. Following two years of political uncertainty, it succeeded in organising elections that were procedurally sound. Bangladesh's political system has thus demonstrated a considerable degree of institutional resilience. At the same time, the election outcome raises new questions regarding the future of democratic pluralism in the country. The decisive election victory of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) means that one of the country's two historic political family dynasties will remain at the helm of government. The Muslim fundamentalist camp gained vote share, which could negatively impact the role of women in society as well as complicate Bangladesh's renewed rapprochement with neighbouring India. |
| Keywords: | Bangladesh, India, European Union (EU), parliamentary elections, Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, Muhammad Yunus, Awami League, Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), role of women, Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami, National Citizen Party (NCP) |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpcom:339642 |