|
on South East Asia |
| By: | Elan Satriawan (Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada); Esa Azali Asyahid (Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada); Wisnu Setiadi Nugroho (Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada); Rimawan Pradiptyo (Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada); Ranjan Shrestha (Department of Economics, College of Arts and Sciences, The College of William & Mary) |
| Abstract: | This study examines the impact of temperature on labor productivity in Indonesian household-based enterprises. We combine data on micro and small enterprises from the Indonesian Family Life Survey with historical temperature data to estimate the effect of an increase in temperature on labor productivity, proxied by revenue per worker. Our empirical strategy relies on plausibly exogenous temporal variations in temperature within each geographic area. The results indicate that holding an enterprise’s production function fixed, a 1 °C increase in the 12-month average temperature reduces revenue per worker by 16%. Additional analyses using deviations from long-term monthly average temperatures, which reduce seasonality concerns, yield similar results, as year-month fixed effects are already incorporated. The findings highlight the significant impact of temperature changes on labor productivity in vulnerable economic sectors, emphasizing the need for targeted policies to enhance climate resilience in Indonesia's household-based enterprises. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Indonesia, Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS), Micro and Small Household-based Enterprises |
| JEL: | Q51 Q54 I31 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gme:wpaper:202507007 |
| By: | Data Avicenna (Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada); Gumilang Aryo Sahadewo (Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada) |
| Abstract: | This study examines the differences in returns to schooling and on-the-job training between informal and formal workers in Indonesia using two-wave panel data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS). Employing fixed-effects regression on an extended Mincer equation to control for unobserved individual characteristics, the analysis reveals no statistically significant differences in returns to education and training between worker types—contrary to findings from other countries. However, informal workers earn 19.6% less than formal workers after controlling for non-random selection of being informally employed, indicating that the earnings gap stems from worker characteristics rather than different returns to human capital. The study suggests that informal workers gain valuable initial experience complementing their schooling and sacrifice more working hours for training to achieve similar returns as formal workers. These findings suggest targeted interventions enhancing human capital among informal workers could support upward mobility and potential transition to formal employment within Indonesia's dual economy structure. |
| Keywords: | Informal labor market, returns to schooling, returns to on-the-job training, Indonesian Family Life Survey |
| JEL: | J24 J31 J46 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gme:wpaper:202507006 |
| By: | Muhammad Ilham Pratama (Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia); Athillah Ayu Istiqomah (Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia); Anindya Ayu Putri Paramitha (Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia) |
| Abstract: | The “Free Nutritious Meal Program†under President Prabowo Subianto’s administration is expected to serve as an additional initiative to enhance the quality of education. This study aims to analyze the impact of the Indonesia Smart Program (PIP) and the Family Hope Program (PKH) on students’ calorie consumption and food security in Indonesia using data from the 2013 SUSENAS (National Socioeconomic Survey). The findings indicate that PIP significantly contributes to increasing students’ calorie intake, whereas PKH demonstrates a more complex influence, with positive effects on calorie consumption but negative impacts on students’ food security. Logit methods were employed to analyze the probability of food insecurity, while OLS methods were used to assess calorie intake. These findings provide recommendations for the government to refine and synergize social assistance programs to more effectively enhance food security and the well-being of Indonesian students, especially in anticipation of the nationwide rollout of the Free Nutritious Meal Program. |
| Keywords: | Free Nutritious Meal Program, Program Indonesia Pintar (PIP), Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH), Food Security, Logit Model |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gme:wpaper:202503003 |
| By: | Muhammad Sifaudin (Faculty of Islamic Economics and Business, State Islamic University of Salatiga); Diyah Ariyani (Faculty of Islamic Economics and Business, State Islamic University of Salatiga); Nur Ayiyah (Faculty of Economics and Business, Semarang State University) |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the role of zakat utilization in enhancing food security and alleviating poverty in Indonesia from 2018 to 2024, with a specific focus on its contributions to the agricultural sector. Grounded in the legal framework provided by Law Number 23 of 2011 and Government Regulation Number 14 of 2014, which authorize zakat institutions such as the government, corporations and non-government organization to allocate zakat funds productively to critical sectors, this research addresses the pressing issue of poverty and food insecurity in Indonesia. As of 2024, approximately 9.03% of Indonesia’s population lives below the poverty line, with rural areas experiencing particularly high levels of food insecurity. Utilizing secondary data from BAZNAS, Statistics Indonesia (BPS), and 385 farmers receiving zakat responding to a semi-structured questionnaire, this study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative analyses. Descriptive statistics, inferential statistics (NVIVO), and logistic regression analysis are used to examine the Food Security and Poverty indices. The findings reveal that effective management of zakat funds has the potential to reduce economic disparities and improve the livelihoods of impoverished farmers in rural areas. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that zakat allocations directed toward the agricultural sector can significantly enhance productivity and contribute to sustainable food security in the long term. These results underscore the importance of strategic zakat distribution as a tool for poverty alleviation and agricultural development in Indonesia. |
| Keywords: | Zakat, agricultural production, food security, poverty alleviation, Indonesia. |
| JEL: | Q18 I32 D63 |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gme:wpaper:202503004 |
| By: | Bui Van, Vien; Vo Huu, Khanh; Tran The, Tuan |
| Abstract: | Export performance has become increasingly important for Vietnamese manufacturing SMEs as they face digital transformation and stronger global competition. This study investigates how resource-based determinants affect the export performance of Vietnamese manufacturing SMEs, with absorptive capacity (mediation) and international competition (moderation). Cross-sectional survey data from 420 manufacturing SMEs in Vietnam, collected during February–August 2025 and completed by authorized firm representatives (owners/ directors/ senior managers). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (SmartPLS 4.1) with 5, 000 bootstraps was employed. Digital transformation (β = 0.304, p |
| Keywords: | exports; SMEs; RBV; absorptive capacity; competition; digital transformation |
| JEL: | F14 L25 O33 |
| Date: | 2025–12–22 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:127537 |
| By: | Adibah Seila Nafaza (Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Indonesia); Dea April Liandari (Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Indonesia); Rifkanissa Azzahra1 (Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Indonesia) |
| Abstract: | Regional disparities in Indonesia remain a significant challenge despite various development policies, including a substantial increase in infrastructure investment during President Joko Widodo’s second term. This study employs shift-share analysis to examine the factors influencing interregional inequality, decomposing it into three components: industry mix, productivity differentials, and allocative efficiency. The findings show that productivity differentials across regions are the dominant factor driving inequality, highlighting the uneven distribution of investments in technology and human capital. As a policy recommendation, this study proposes the Community-Based Development (CBD) approach to reduce inequality. CBD integrates local community participation with government policies that consider cultural norms and local wisdom, ensuring communities become the primary agents of development. This approach also helps strengthen public trust in development programs. By adopting CBD, a more balanced distribution of welfare between urban and rural areas is expected, contributing to inclusive and sustainable regional development in Indonesia. |
| Keywords: | Shift-Share Analysis, Productivity, Inequality Decomposition, Interregional Disparities, Community-Based Development |
| JEL: | E6 O1 O4 R5 |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gme:wpaper:202503001 |
| By: | Yasmin (Department of Sharia Economics, Faculty of Islamic Economics and Business, Islamic State University (UIN) Sunan Kalijaga); Muhammad Ali Mustofa (Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada); Amirullah Setya Hardi (Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada) |
| Abstract: | The nexus between financial inclusion, income inequality, and poverty remains debated, especially in developing economies with diverse regional contexts. This study examines the impact of financial inclusion on inequality and poverty across 33 Indonesian provinces using panel data. We estimate Fixed-Effects and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) models to address unobserved heterogeneity and potential endogeneity. Financial inclusion is proxied by deposits per capita, while key outcomes are provincial income inequality and poverty rates. Results show a significant negative association between financial inclusion and both inequality and poverty. Regional heterogeneity is evident: the poverty-reducing effects of financial inclusion are stronger in Eastern Indonesia than in the more developed Western region. These findings highlight the need for region-specific policies that expand affordable financial access, strengthen financial literacy, and deepen financing for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) to support inclusive growth. Future research should assess the roles of fintech and Islamic finance, evaluate how financial inclusion shapes MSME performance, and rigorously examine the effectiveness of Indonesia’s National Strategy for Financial Inclusion to inform progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals. |
| Keywords: | Financial Inclusion, Income Inequality, Poverty, Fixed-Effect Model, Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) |
| JEL: | G20 D63 I32 C23 |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gme:wpaper:202503005 |
| By: | Haris Zuan; Faliq Razak; Intan Murnira Ramli (Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA)) |
| Abstract: | ASEAN is entering a decisive decade as global production networks, technological systems, and energy transitions reshape the landscape of work. The region is attracting unprecedented investment in digital infrastructure, artificial intelligence, semiconductor design, renewable energy systems, and advanced manufacturing. These trends position ASEAN as a critical node in global value chains and a fast-growing digital market. Yet ASEAN’s capacity to capture long-term benefits is constrained by structural gaps in human capital development, uneven investment in education, and limited mobility of high-skilled professionals. Learning outcomes diverge sharply across Member States, reflecting differences in fiscal commitment, institutional capability, and training quality. At the same time, emerging labour-market expectations – especially amongst youth – are outpacing the readiness of employers and public training systems. ASEAN already recognises these challenges. Frameworks such as the Declaration on the Future of Work for ASEAN (DEFA), the ASEAN HRD Roadmap, the ASEAN Work Plan on Education, and the ASEAN Digital Masterplan provide strong foundations. However, implementation is uneven and often fragmented. To remain competitive, ASEAN needs a coordinated strategy for workforce transformation that expands human capital investments, supports lifelong learning, strengthens talent mobility, and deepens co-operation between governments, industries, and training institutions. This Policy Brief outlines the core challenges and proposes five strategic policy actions to support ASEAN’s transition toward more agile, innovative, and inclusive labour markets. Latest Articles |
| Date: | 2025–12–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:era:wpaper:pb-2025-13 |
| By: | Jain, Aakansha; Ramji, Aditya; Parés Olguín , Francisco |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Social and Behavioral Sciences |
| Date: | 2025–12–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt9n1768tk |
| By: | Florischa A Tresnatri; Akbar Nikmatullah Dachlan; Galuh Chandra Wibowo; Rifat Pasha |
| Abstract: | The middle class can play a pivotal role as a growth driver in achieving Indonesia’s Golden Vision of becoming a high-income country by 2045. However, it remains narrow, at under 20 percent of the total population. It is also highly vulnerable, given a waning purchasing power, and unfavorable labor market dynamics. In contrast with the steady progress of the bottom half of the income distribution, the middle-class share has declined since 2019, driven, inter alia, by labor market shifts toward informality, falling real incomes, pandemic scarring. Reversing this trajectory requires broad-based structural reforms focused on revitalizing private-sector led growth, including investment to create formal sector jobs, aligning education with labor market needs and develop skills to raise economic sophistication, and enhancing productivity and resilience. Reforms that enhance the ease of doing business, such as reducing regulatory barriers and uncertainty and improving governance, can help facilitate convergence to high-income status and benefit the middle class. |
| Keywords: | Middle Class; Income Distribution; Income Mobility; Inequality; Economic Development; Household Welfare; Consumption Patterns; Labor Market; Indonesia |
| Date: | 2025–12–19 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2025/265 |
| By: | Bertrand Gruss; Eric Huang; Andresa Helena Lagerborg; Diaa Noureldin; Galip Kemal Ozhan |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the role of ‘healthy aging’ in boosting labor supply in Korea. First, we use microdata from surveys to assess whether there is evidence that the physical abilities of individuals aged 50 years and above have been improving over successive cohorts. Second, we investigate whether health improvements among older workers influence their labor market outcomes, such as the decision to supply labor or to retire. We use an instrumental variable approach to enable causal inference, proxying exogenous variations in health with the incidence of certain chronic diseases. Our findings reveal that (i) physical health indicators have improved on average across birth cohorts, providing evidence in favor of ‘healthy aging’ in Korea, and (ii) better health increases the probability of participating in the labor force and postponing retirement. Overall, our results suggest that healthy aging has increased the labor supply of older individuals in Korea by around 1.9 percentage points per year during the 2006-20 period. The results for Korea are qualitatively comparable but quantitatively somewhat stronger than those for comparator Asian countries. |
| Keywords: | Population aging; demographic change; healthy aging; labor markets |
| Date: | 2025–12–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2025/260 |
| By: | Bopp, Judith |
| Abstract: | In times of exacerbating agro-food crises, understanding farming through its constituting interrelated factors is a key element of crisis mitigation. The mostly linear approaches such as represented in the current agricultural discourses and by the agricultural sciences fall short in explaining the real-life complexities and overlapping crises experienced by small-scale farmers. Based on my recent qualitative fieldwork in Thailand, this paper aims to picture the complexities within which households' farming practices operate, and how these arise from a web of socio-cultural, political, economic, and ecological factors. By pleading for relational approaches to farming such as those acknowledging its immanent human-ecology interaction, this paper suggests a novel "health-nutrition-ecology" nexus to guide enquiry into the intimate relations between ecology, livelihoods, and health and well-being. It is employed to gain understanding of small-farming households' situations, deep-rooted causes of these, and their resilience in facing crises. The paper further pleads for a shift in existing technocratic agricultural discourses towards their inclusiveness of real-world narratives by small-scale farmers. These narratives can deliver insights for policies that aim at actual transformations of crisis-prone agro-food systems and could benefit both farmer livelihoods and farm ecologies. |
| Date: | 2025–12–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:njktf_v1 |
| By: | Shenglong Liu; Yuanyuan Wan; Shengxiang Xie; Xiaoming Zhang |
| Abstract: | Although education fever is widespread across East Asia, the role of public education investment in intensifying this fever remains underexamined. By leveraging the staggered rollout of county-level free senior high school education pilots in China, we find that this major expansion of public education increased the number of registrations at private tutoring centers by about 20% and doubled household spending on tutoring. Using administrative night-light data and elite university admission records, we show that the effect is driven by more intensive competition for scarce top-tier college placements rather than by declining public school quality. The response is strongest in regions with greater income inequality and lower elite university admission rates, but substantially weaker in areas with better outside options, such as higher local employment rates. Our findings suggest that expanding access to senior high school alone may exacerbate educational arms races, underscoring the need for complementary policies that reduce income disparities and broaden postsecondary opportunities. |
| Keywords: | Education Competition; Public Education Investment; Crowd-in Effect |
| JEL: | I22 I28 O15 H41 |
| Date: | 2025–12–22 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tor:tecipa:tecipa-812 |
| By: | Ma, Chang; Rebucci, Alessandro; Zhou, Sili |
| Abstract: | Chinese private portfolio equity outflows, though small compared to other Chinese outflows, are growing rapidly because of capital account liberalization and capital flight. Using granular stock-holding data on Qualified Domestic Institutional Investor (QDII) mutual funds, we identify a nascent financial channel of international transmission of Chinese monetary policy to world stocks. Event study analysis around monetary policy announcement days reveals that monetary policy tightening depresses returns of country equity indexes and individual U.S. stocks with QDII fund exposure relative to non-exposed stocks. The results are robust to controlling for the real transmission channel of Chinese monetary policy and other confounders. The effect is driven by smaller and less liquid firms, but not by China-concept stocks or those highly exposed to China's macroeconomic shocks. We also find that the results are driven by household portfolio rebalancing from more to less risky assets following the announcement. |
| Keywords: | QDII Funds, Chinese Monetary Policy, Household Rebalancing, Foreign Portfolio Equity Flows |
| JEL: | F30 G10 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:bofitp:333958 |
| By: | Rahman, Rajib; Rojas, Christian |
| Keywords: | Industrial Organization, Agricultural and Food Policy, Marketing |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea24:344019 |
| By: | Frank Tian-Fang Ye (Division of Social Sciences, The HKU SPACE Community College, Hong Kong SAR, PRC); Xiaozi Gao (Department of Early Childhood Education, Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PRC) |
| Abstract: | China's marriage registrations have declined dramatically, dropping from 13.47 million couples in 2013 to 6.1 million in 2024. Understanding public attitudes toward marriage requires examining not only emotional sentiment but also the moral reasoning underlying these evaluations. This study analyzed 219, 358 marriage-related posts from two major Chinese social media platforms (Sina Weibo and Xiaohongshu) using large language model (LLM)-assisted content analysis. Drawing on Shweder's Big Three moral ethics framework, posts were coded for sentiment (positive, negative, neutral) and moral dimensions (Autonomy, Community, Divinity). Results revealed platform differences: Weibo discourse skewed positive, while Xiaohongshu was predominantly neutral. Most posts across both platforms lacked explicit moral framing. However, when moral ethics were invoked, significant associations with sentiment emerged. Posts invoking Autonomy ethics and Community ethics were predominantly negative, whereas Divinity-framed posts tended toward neutral or positive sentiment. These findings suggest that concerns about both personal autonomy constraints and communal obligations drive negative marriage attitudes in contemporary China. The study demonstrates LLMs' utility for scaling qualitative analysis and offers insights for developing culturally informed policies addressing marriage decline in Chinese contexts. |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2512.23609 |
| By: | Paras Kharel (South Asia Watch on Trade, Economics and Environment); Kshitiz Dahal (South Asia Watch on Trade, Economics and Environment) |
| Abstract: | The low volume of Nepal-Bangladesh merchandise trade belies their geographical proximity and friendly relations. As Nepal strives to diversify its export basket and markets, Bangladesh represents a significant potential market. Focusing on Nepal’s merchandise exports, this paper identifies Nepali products with substantial export potential in the Bangladeshi market; uncovers barriers, notably tariffs and para-tariffs but also other non-tariff measures, impeding Nepal's exports to Bangladesh; and recommends measures to alleviate trade impediments, including by briefly assessing the potential and challenges of a Nepal-Bangladesh preferential trade agreement. |
| Keywords: | Export potential, trade agreements, tariffs, non-tariff barriers, trade policy, trade facilitation, economic integration, SAFTA |
| JEL: | F13 F14 F15 F21 F22 F24 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:saw:rpaper:rp/25/02 |
| By: | Soonhyung Shim (Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade) |
| Abstract: | South Korea’s defense exports have continued to grow steadily, driven by the strong performance of major programs such as the FA-50 light attack aircraft and the second export batch of the K2 main battle tank (MBT). At the same time, supply chain risks have intensified due to US–China trade tensions, rising raw material prices, and embargoes on Russian inputs. These pressures risk longer delivery delays and weaker export competitiveness. In response to similar challenges, the United States, in its National Defense Industrial Strategy (NDIS), outlined concrete steps to strengthen supply chain resilience and cooperation with allies.<p> In the European Union, the European Defence Industrial Strategy (EDIS) emphasizes deeper intra-regional integration and greater self-sufficiency in Europe. Both frameworks share a common understanding: vulnerabilities within the defense supply chain translate directly into security risks. This insight carries important implications for Korea.<p> Against this backdrop of fragmenting global supply chains, we analyzed the supply chain for Korea’s military aircraft and identified major risk factors. For the FA-50 program, we classified and evaluated 52 defense contractors based on systems specialty (avionics, propulsion, fuselage, and components) and evaluated their financial performance, dependence on imports, and reliance on Korea’s main systems integrator, Korea Aerospace Industries (KAI). The results of the analysis point to the existence of relatively stable supply chains for avionics and propulsion systems, but small average firm size and low productivity levels are key challenges facing the supply chain for major components and fuselage systems. Moreover, the propulsion and components segments are notably reliant on imports (31 and 25.4 percent, respectively), underscoring the need to localize supply and secure alternative channels.<p> In this paper we also perform a comparative case study contrasting the FA-50 program with Italy’s M-346/FA program. This analysis shows that the FA-50 benefits from a stable and reliable procurement network. But this network is heavily concentrated in the United States and a small group of countries; the supply chain for the M-346/FA is more resilient thanks to its more diversified sourcing.<p> The results of the analysis carry three strategic implications for Korea’s military aircraft industry.<p> First, there is a clear need to pursue technological self-reliance in avionics and propulsion systems by localizing major links in the supply chain. Second, the supply chain features a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs); efforts are needed to enhance the competitiveness of these firms. Finally, it is critical to expand the participation of fuselage and components suppliers in global value chains. Integrating these priorities within a coherent supply chain governance framework is essential to stabilizing production, safeguarding technological resilience, and enhancing Korea’s competitiveness in the global defense market. |
| Keywords: | defense; defense industry; South Korea; defense exports; armaments; weapons manufacturing; arms trade; defense manufacturing; FA-50; K-2; military aircraft; Main Battle Tank; MBT |
| JEL: | H56 H57 F52 L64 |
| Date: | 2025–10–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kietrp:021955 |
| By: | Shekhawat, Ravindra Singh; Chand, Prem; Kiran Kumara, T. M.; Moharana, Pratap Chand; Rathore, Vijay Singh; Panwar, Nav Ratan; Kumar, Dinesh |
| Abstract: | Arid regions face severe challenges due to wind-induced sand erosion, which accelerates land degradation and disrupts the ecological balance. The mobility of unstabilized sand dunes exacerbates these challenges by encroaching on arable land, damaging infrastructure such as roads and buildings, and threatening the local biodiversity. This dynamic process undermines agricultural productivity and increases its vulnerability to extreme weather events, thereby impacting food security and the livelihoods of communities dependent on these fragile ecosystems. Addressing these challenges requires comprehensive adaptation and mitigation strategies and their associated economic and environmental costs for evidence-based decision-making to prioritize interventions and allocate resources while balancing immediate human needs and long-term sustainability. In this paper, authors provide a comprehensive assessment of the conditions affecting sand dunes, including the dynamics of sand mobilization, stabilization methods employed, and the economic benefits of sand dune stabilization technologies. Looking forward, this paper proposes pathways for scaling up the deployment of sand dune stabilization technologies, emphasizing their integration into desertification control, afforestation, and water conservation programs. I hope this paper will be a valuable resource for policymakers, researchers, and other stakeholders in understanding the technological gaps in sand dune stabilization efforts and in designing sustainable land management practices for ecologically fragile arid environments. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:icarpp:383744 |
| By: | Yang Zhou (Graduate School of Economics, Nagoya City University, JAPAN); Shigeto Kitano (Research Institute for Economics and Business Administration, Kobe University, JAPAN) |
| Abstract: | This study empirically examines the effectiveness of capital flow management measures (CFMs) in India. Using the local projection method and monthly de jure data constructed by Binici et al. (2024), we find that CFMs are effective across all examined asset categories: portfolio, equity, debt, and FDI inflows, as well as portfolio and FDI outflows. |
| Keywords: | Capital flow management measures (CFMs); Capital controls; India; Local projection |
| JEL: | F38 F32 G15 |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:kob:dpaper:dp2025-35 |
| By: | Kostiantyn Ovsiannikov (Research Institute for Future Design, Kochi University of Technology); Koji Kotani (Research Institute for Future Design, Kochi University of Technology); Hodaka Morita (Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University) |
| Abstract: | The rapid expansion of telework during the COVID-19 pandemic has prompted extensive research on remote work practices. However, the implications of telework for productivity across different task types and work formats remain under-explored. This study investigates how perceived productivity in an online environment varies by (1) work formats (individual vs. group), (2) task types (routine vs. creative) and (3) remuneration systems (seniority-based vs. performance-based), with a focus on the Japanese workplace. Drawing on a stratified survey of 500 employees across diverse industries, we examine comparative perceptions of online versus face-to-face productivity. Our findings reveal three key patterns. First, online productivity is significantly lower for group work than for individual work. Second, within group format, creative tasks are associated with lower perceived productivity compared to routine ones. Third, organizations operating under seniority-based wage system report consistently lower online productivity than those using performance-based system. Together, these findings point to a “telework dilemma, †wherein employees value telework but perceive it to be less effective—especially for collaborative, creative tasks—under traditional organizational structures. The study contributes to the literature on virtual work and organizational design by identifying structural and task-related contingencies that shape the effectiveness of remote work. |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:kch:wpaper:sdes-2025-8 |
| By: | Nicholas R. Lardy (Peterson Institute for International Economics) |
| Abstract: | Many experts see China's economy as constrained because of a weak social safety net, especially the retirement system, resulting in anemic domestic consumption spending. This view is out of date. Recent data indicate that China has expanded many parts of its social safety net and that consumption spending has accelerated. Social expenditures in China have more than doubled as a share of GDP since 2010 and are on par with Mexico and Turkey. But given China's aging population, safety net spending and domestic consumption spending will need to expand further to put China's economy on a more sustainable path. The latest data should clear the cobwebs of misunderstanding that have led to both complacency and unnecessary alarm about China's economic prospects among observers in the United States and other countries. China's government is hardly unaware of the importance of stronger household consumption and has announced policies to increase consumer spending, including more generous pension benefits for farmers and rural migrant workers. If these initiatives are implemented, the growth of household consumption is likely to accelerate. |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iie:pbrief:pb25-7 |
| By: | Wang, Yue; Ma, Yue |
| Keywords: | Health Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea24:343823 |
| By: | Cheng, Yang; Hu, Lianyi |
| Keywords: | Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies, Labor and Human Capital, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea24:343645 |
| By: | Shalaka Thakur |
| Abstract: | This paper examines how armed group taxation serves as a window into the processes of political ordering. Drawing on over a decade of ethnographic fieldwork in Manipur in Northeast India, the analysis juxtaposes two distinct phases: the relatively predictable, quasi-bureaucratic taxation practices during a long period of 'frozen conflict' (2016-2023) and the fragmented, ethnically charged extraction patterns that emerged after the escalation of Meitei-Kuki ethnic violence in May 2023. |
| Keywords: | Armed conflict, Taxation, Informal institutions, India |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp-2025-107 |
| By: | Kumar Abhishek (Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER)); Amrita Goldar; Sunishtha Yadav; Sajal Jain; Diya Dasgupta |
| Abstract: | The escalating threat of global climate change has positioned energy efficiency (EE) at the forefront of energy and environmental policy. While EE technologies offer significant potential to reduce both financial costs and environmental impacts, their adoption remains limited, revealing a persistent paradox. Drawing evidence from key focus states, this study examines the barriers contributing to the EE adoption gap, highlighting compliance-driven behaviour, high upfront costs, undervaluation of future savings, and gaps in workforce skills. Integrating repair and maintenance practices with operational processes emerges as a critical pathway to expand adoption. Beyond operational benefits, EE investments also generate significant macroeconomic spillovers by creating jobs and upskilling workers, reinforcing their strategic value. These findings highlight the EE gap and underscore the need for coordinated, integrated approaches that strengthen in-house capacity, support workforce development, and simultaneously drive adoption, operational efficiency, and broader socio-economic gains. |
| Keywords: | Energy Efficiency Gap, Market Barriers, Behavioural Barriers, Employment, icrier |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdc:ppaper:53 |
| By: | Benoit Mojon; Han Qiu; Fang Wang; Michael Weber |
| Abstract: | We estimate the effects of changes in house prices on consumption using unique data of Alipay transactions from Chinese households, spanning from January 2017 to March 2023. We find significant housing wealth effects: changes in house prices are positively associated with future changes in consumption in 33 Tier 1 and Tier 2 cities. Specifically, in these cities, a 10% increase in house prices leads to a 1.6% increase in consumption. However, this relationship is not observed in smaller Tier 3 and Tier 4 cities. We also find that housing wealth effects are more pronounced among older households and homeowners, while renters show no such effect. Additionally, in Tier 3 and Tier 4 cities, higher house prices tend to crowd out consumption among younger households. |
| Keywords: | consumption, house prices, savings |
| JEL: | R2 R3 |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bis:biswps:1319 |
| By: | Tomomi Miyazaki (Graduate School of Economics, Kobe University); Haruo Kondoh (Faculty of Law, Keio University); Huanhuan Guo (School of Business, Sanda University); Naoto Tanemoto (Graduate School of Economics, Kobe University/Policy Research Institute, Ministry of Finance, Japan) |
| Abstract: | We examine the effects of fiscal policy on employment when short-term interest rates were stuck at the zero lower bound (ZLB) in Japan. To do this, we consider both gender and regional differences. Our empirical results demonstrate that regardless of specification, government consumption benefited Southern Kanto and Kansai during the ZLB period. We also robustly show that it created jobs for female workers in these two metropolitan areas under the ZLB environment. These results suggest that since employers expect employment recovery by virtue of fiscal expansion as a temporal phenomenon, they increase female employees, most of whom are part-time workers. |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:koe:wpaper:2524 |
| By: | Siwar Khelifa; Jie He |
| Abstract: | This paper provides the first evidence from a developing-country setting on the long-term educational impacts of early-life exposure to a major environmental regulation. We study China's 1998 Two Control Zones policy and implement a difference-in-differences design comparing adjacent birth cohorts in targeted and non-targeted counties. We find no detectable effects of early-life exposure to the policy on long-term educational outcomes. Across a wide range of measures, including high school attendance, academic versus vocational track placement, and high-quality school attendance around age 15, as well as college entrance exam participation, exam scores, and post-secondary enrollment around age 18, the estimates are statistically indistinguishable from zero. These null results are robust across alternative specifications and hold in subgroups defined by gender and maternal education. |
| Keywords: | Education, environmental regulation, TCZ policy, early-life conditions, China |
| JEL: | I18 I24 J24 Q51 Q56 |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:irn:wpaper:25-08 |
| By: | Yang, Yongwen; Lee, Juhee |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Public Economics, Political Economy |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea24:344021 |