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on South East Asia |
| By: | Largoza, Gerardo L.; Fernandez, Clarence Gabriel |
| Abstract: | In the decade from 2012 to 2021, Philippine higher education experienced three major reforms: the adoption of an outcomes-based typology for programs and institutions, the establishment of the Philippine Qualifications Framework to set competency standards, pathways, and equivalencies, and the implementation of K to 12 legislation, which added two years to the country’s basic education cycle. Have these reforms resulted in improvements to the minimum standards embodied in the Policies, Standards, and Guidelines (PSGs) of the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) formulated by independent Technical Panels? This study addresses the issue by taking current PSGs from the ten most-subscribed programs and examining the quality of their learning outcomes and performance indicators, using criteria shared by many global quality assurance bodies. It then compares curriculum designs (total credits, proportion of general education and professional courses, internships) to benchmarks from Australia, the European Union (EU), and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Lastly, it consolidates the findings from key informant interviews with six Technical Panel chairs and identifies good practices that can be shared, as well as forms of CHED support that are most urgently needed. The emergent picture indicates overall improvement in the adoption of outcomes-based principles in curriculum design, but with a high degree of heterogeneity both within and across programs. Quality practices such as the use of verbs from Bloom’s Taxonomy and the preference for more authentic assessments are evident in every set of PSGs, but could still be applied more consistently. On curriculum design (total credits and distribution of course types), the uniform finding is that general education courses have been reduced but promptly replaced by professional courses, resulting in overall academic loads that are significantly higher than benchmarks from Australia, the EU, and ASEAN. Finally, while a few Technical Panels have been able to produce significantly improved, even exemplary, sets of PSGs, strategic clarity and organizational support from CHED are urgently needed for the quality assurance cycle to function effectively. Comments on this paper are welcome within 60 days from the date of posting. Email publications@pids.gov.ph. |
| Keywords: | CHED policies;standards and guidelines;higher education technical panels;outcomes-based education;Commission on Higher Education |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:phd:dpaper:dp_2025-13 |
| By: | Abrigo, Michael R.M.; Lingatong, Edmar E.; Relos, Charlotte Marjorie L.; Perez, Tania Dew S.; Quejada, Noel Angelo M.; Daga, Erwin Doroteo Justien C.; Estopace, Katha Ma-i; Paquibot, Jesusa L.; Gavan, Dianne Stephanie A. |
| Abstract: | This study estimates future demand for public school classrooms using new projections of the school-age children population for 82 provinces and 33 urbanized cities in the Philippines up to 2060. A return to replacement-level fertility from the current total fertility rate (TFR) of 1.9 is expected to ease demand for public school classrooms, except in Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, where the population of school-age children is projected to continue increasing. A below-replacement TFR will likely lead to a greater reduction in classroom congestion in public schools. However, significant school infrastructure backlogs and the aging of existing school buildings are expected to remain important issues in the future, despite potential benefits from low fertility. The study also highlights potential contributing factors to current classroom congestion. Comments on this paper are welcome within 60 days from the date of posting. Email publications@pids.gov.ph. |
| Keywords: | school infrastructure;low fertility;population projection |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:phd:dpaper:dp_2025-10 |
| By: | Intan Murnira Ramli (Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA)); Mohamad Izahar Mohamad Izham |
| Abstract: | In realising a resilient, innovative, dynamic, and people-centred ASEAN by 2045, the region must be guided by the Core Elements of the ASEAN Community’s Post-2025 Vision – endorsed at the 42nd ASEAN Summit in Labuan Bajo, Indonesia. To this end, ASEAN has adopted a strategic plan known as ‘Vision 2045, ’ which outlines its transformation into a globally influential, interconnected, and prosperous region. Vision 2045 expands upon the current ASEAN Community Vision 2025 by addressing contemporary challenges such as digital transformation, environmental sustainability, and socio-economic inequities. This Policy Brief examines the requirements for the next phase of ASEAN’s evolution. Their focus is on ensuring that the ASEAN Community Vision 2045 and the ASEAN Connectivity Strategic Plan 2026–2030 are achieved, particularly through the integration of Good Regulatory Practice (GRP). Latest Articles |
| Date: | 2025–05–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:era:wpaper:pb-2025-02 |
| By: | Navarro, Adoracion M.; Latigar, Jokkaz S. |
| Abstract: | This study assesses the state of the country’s road and rail transport infrastructure, identifies the challenges in the implementation of the related public investment program, and generates policy insights from the analysis. Quantity and quality indicators show that the Philippines continues to suffer from inadequate and poor quality road and rail transport infrastructure. The country has even fallen behind its Association of Southeast Asian Nations neighbors in improving the quantity and quality of its roads and rails. Many of the targets set in the Philippine Development Plan, the Public Investment Program, and the expenditure program were not met. The low absorptive capacity, as indicated by unmet expenditure targets of the major agencies in charge of the road and rail transport subsectors, suggests problems in implementation. Persistent problems in implementation pertain to right-of-way acquisition, financing, political intervention, weak capacity at the local government level, natural calamities, and project management issues. There also have been newly introduced problems, such as the adverse effects of the pandemic on the materials and manpower supply chain and delays in the release of project funds. To help address these issues, the study recommends that Congress enact a long-term national transport plan. In the interim, the executive branch must strictly adhere to the principles of its National Transport Policy and execute its self-imposed prescription to craft a national transport master plan. Capacity-building programs for local government units must continue and local road databases—which are important in helping prioritize areas for national government support—must be completed and integrated. To reduce political influences on project implementation, reform champions must come to the fore and regional development councils ought to institutionalize their procedures. |
| Keywords: | transport infrastructure;public investment program;road transport;rail transport;infrastructure quality |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:phd:rpseri:rps_2025-04 |
| By: | Rivera, John Paolo R.; Lorenzo, Pauline Joy M.; Generalao, Ian Nicole A.; Balaoro, Jennylyn M. |
| Abstract: | Existing scholarly literature on the impact of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) on wage outcomes in the Philippines, including wage premiums and low-paid employment, has been limited and mixed. This study uses labor force and graduate tracer surveys, employing various methods such as Heckman-corrected Ordinary Least Squares, propensity score matching, and logit regression estimations to assess whether TVET graduates earn significantly higher wages than non-TVET graduates. For workers in private establishments with regular pay, this study found no significant wage difference between TVET and non-TVET graduates when controlling for other factors. However, there are notable variations across educational levels. Specifically, wage premiums are observed for individuals with secondary education or below, while wage disadvantages are found among those with some post-secondary education and above, including college education and beyond. This study also identifies heterogeneity in wage outcomes among TVET graduates, depending on the sector of their program. Building on these findings, this study offers important policy recommendations, including a shift towards developing training programs that facilitate employment in more productive occupations and sectors, along with additional suggestions for future research. Comments on this paper are welcome within 60 days from the date of posting. Email publications@pids.gov.ph. |
| Keywords: | TVET;wages;low-paid employment;propensity score matching;Heckman;Technical and Vocational Education and Training |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:phd:dpaper:dp_2025-09 |
| By: | David Christian; Lili Yan Ing (Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA)) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines recent trends in production fragmentation within ASEAN’s manufacturing sector in the context of shifting global trade dynamics and rising economic nationalism. Using the OECD’s Trade in Value Added (TiVA) database, we construct two key indicators: (i) the input fragmentation ratio (FRI), which measures overall reliance on intermediate inputs, and (ii) the import fragmentation ratio (FRM), which captures the extent of cross-border input sourcing. Our analysis reveals that, unlike North America and Europe, ASEAN has not experienced a decline in input fragmentation since the Global Financial Crisis (GFC). However, signs of import defragmentation have emerged since 2010. We also find notable variation in fragmentation patterns across countries and industries. These results highlight the need for further research into the drivers of these trends, including investment and production relocation to ASEAN, market positioning, industry specialisation, and technological factors. |
| Keywords: | production fragmentation; global value chains (GVCs); manufacturing in ASEAN and East Asia; supply chain resilience |
| JEL: | F14 F61 L23 O14 |
| Date: | 2025–05–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:era:wpaper:dp-2025-01 |
| By: | Rivera, John Paolo R.; Lorenzo, Pauline Joy M.; Generalao, Ian Nicole A.; Balaoro, Jennylyn M. |
| Abstract: | Human capital theory suggests that accumulating skills through training leads to higher productivity and better employment outcomes. However, empirical evidence, including data from the Philippines, shows mixed and limited results regarding the impact of technical and vocational education and training (TVET). Using labor force and graduate tracer surveys, this study examined whether pursuing TVET improves labor force participation (LFP), employment, and job quality, while considering variations across education levels and program characteristics by applying probabilistic regression and treatment effects estimations. Additionally, interviews with employers from priority sectors were conducted to gain insights into their views on the employability of TVET graduates. The study found that completing a TVET program increases the likelihood of being economically active and seeking work, but there was no strong evidence that it improves the chances of obtaining employment or quality jobs. The employment effects of TVET vary by education level, benefiting only those with at least a secondary education. These effects were strongest among secondary education graduates and decreased with higher levels of education. TVET did not improve the employment outcomes of those with less than a secondary education. Additionally, employment outcomes varied across training modalities, but not by program registration, certification, or scholarship status. Based on key informant interviews (KIIs) and a desk review, these findings can be attributed to supply-side, demand-side, and systemic factors such as a mismatch between program offerings and industry standards, potential bias against TVET graduates, lack of recognition for certifications, and limited private sector involvement in training provision, development, certification, and assessment. The study concludes by offering policy recommendations to improve TVET's impact on employability and employment outcomes, along with suggestions for further research. Comments on this paper are welcome within 60 days from the date of posting. Email publications@pids.gov.ph. |
| Keywords: | TVET;labor force participation;employment;employment quality;technical and vocational education and training |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:phd:dpaper:dp_2025-08 |
| By: | Bhupendra Kumar Singh; Venkatachalam Anbumozhi (Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA)); Rakesh Kumar Agarwal |
| Abstract: | : Advancing power trade requires efficient grid connectivity. In 2018, India launched the One Sun, One World, One Grid (OSOWOG) initiative, which aims to connect India to Southeast Asia – facilitating increased power trade. Despite many challenges, such as regulatory disparities, infrastructure limitations, and geopolitical complexities, regional grid connectivity between India and Southeast Asia would bring many opportunities for investment, technology transfer, and employment generation. To achieve these, strategic interventions are required to harmonise regulatory frameworks, invest in advanced infrastructure, and foster diplomatic engagement |
| Keywords: | Cross-border power trade; grid connectivity; energy security; sustainability; regional cooperation |
| JEL: | Q41 Q43 Q35 Q37 Q48 |
| Date: | 2025–05–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:era:wpaper:dp-2025-02 |
| By: | Antonio Di Paolo (Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.); Khalifany Ash Shidiqi (Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Indonesia.) |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we analyse the effect of educational attainments on interethnic marriages in Indonesia, a multi-ethnic emerging country. The empirical analysis is based on data from the Java Island obtained from the 2014 wave of the Indonesian Family Life Survey, combined with administrative data about the location and year of establishment of Higher Education Institutions (HEI). To estimate causal effects, we exploit variation in exposure to HEI by birth year and district of residence in an IV/TSLS framework. Specifically, we employ as instrument for education the number of HEI located in a radius of 10 kilometres from the centroid of the district of residence at age 18. The analysis is carried out at the individual level, with separate estimations for males and females. The results indicate that years of schooling, college attendance and completion positively affect the likelihood of exogamy, i.e. having a partner from a different ethnicity. The estimated coefficients are somewhat larger for females than for males, and all the robustness checks provide stable results, supporting their causal interpretation. The effect of schooling does not appear to be heterogeneous depending on parental education, and mixed parental ethnicity. However, it is lower for individuals with Javanese ethnicity compared to those belonging to other ethnic groups. We also analyse potential mechanisms, highlighting that migration/residential location and changes in social norms could be significant channels underlying the causal chain between higher education expansion, educational attainments, and interethnic marriages. Overall, the results reported in this paper point out that the increase in educational attainments induced by the expansion of higher education could contribute to the reduction of ethnic segregation. |
| Keywords: | Education; interethnic marriages; higher education expansion; Indonesia. JEL classification: I21, I23, J12. |
| Date: | 2024–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ira:wpaper:202409 |
| By: | Benfica, Rui; Davis, Kristin E.; Dao, The Anh; Vu, Dang Toan; Naziri, Diego |
| Abstract: | Key takeaways True cost accounting allows for the measurement of hidden impacts of food production on the environment, human health, and society. • Our findings show that at the national level for all crop sectors: o Environmental externalities account for 73% and social for 27% of external cost structure. o Major environmental impact sources are land occupation, air pollution, and climate change. o Major social impact sources are underpayment of farm workers and the incidence of child labor. • In NATURE+ sites in Sa Pa and Mai Son districts for the crop sector: o External costs represent about 24% of all household crop production costs. o Environmental externalities (61%) are greater than social (39%). o Land occupation is the most important external impact source, followed by soil degradation and climate change. o Under earning (underpayment of workers and/or low famer profits) are significant social costs, followed by the gender wage gap and the incidence of child labor. |
| Keywords: | true cost accounting; food production; sustainability; crops; Vietnam; Asia; South-eastern Asia |
| Date: | 2024–12–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:cgiarp:163385 |
| By: | Benfica, Rui |
| Abstract: | Sustainable food systems provide enough quality, healthy, and affordable food to all without imposing a burden on planetary and social boundaries. By this standard, it is quite clear that food systems in many countries are not sustainable as they generate substantial environmental, social, and health costs while failing to provide affordable food to all (FAO et al., 2020). This implies the need to have a good understanding of the extent to which those externalities are present in country specific food systems. The key challenge is that such externalities are not reflected in market prices (Baker et al., 2020), being therefore hidden factors to drivers of choices by market players, as the link between market activity and those social and environmental harms is not directly visible or reflected in the incentives that drive economic systems (UNFSS, 2021). Internalizing the externalities of the food systems will require the full estimation of costs, including the measurement of externalities through “True Cost Accounting” (TCA) approaches. This document provides the analytical framework for the application of approaches in a research study to measure the true costs of food in Kenya and Vietnam. It focuses on: o Key research questions, their relevance, and policy implications o How the TCA analytical framework fits in The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB) framework o Country selection and geographic focus – national, sub-national o Data requirements for estimating the true costs, including household surveys, workers’ surveys, externally compiled Global Impact Database (GID), and monetization factors. o A step-by-step process for estimating the true costs in the study area and country level GID analysis. |
| Keywords: | food; food systems; sustainability; markets; prices; Kenya; Vietnam; Asia; Africa; Eastern Africa; South-eastern Asia |
| Date: | 2024–06–27 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:cgiarp:148762 |
| By: | Oscar Claveria (Department of Econometrics, Statistics and Applied Economics. Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.) |
| Abstract: | This study examines income inequality across 53 Asian countries from 1990 to 2021, focusing on the application of the Kuznets’ curve theory. This hypothesis states an inverted U-shaped relationship exists between economic growth and inequality, suggesting an initial increase followed by a decline in income disparity as GDP per capita growth. We analyzed data accruing the share of income of the Top 1% income holders of each country, by regions and for the continent as a whole. We employed a fixed-effects panel model with GDP per capita, squared GDP per capita and cubed GDP per capita as explanatory variables. Our results include mixed evidence of the completion of the curve: Asia overall supports the Kuznets’ curve however the regional analysis reveal differences. While East and South Asia present with significant U-shaped relationship patterns, Central Asia shows an inverted N-shaped relationship. Referencing to West and Southeast Asia, they demonstrate similar U-shaped trends however not statistically significant. This research contributes by offering region-specific insights into inequality dynamics relating to economic growth to provide policymakers with tools to target interventions for inclusive development across Asian countries. |
| Keywords: | income inequality; economic growth; Kuznets’ curve hypothesis; economic uncertainty; Asia. JEL classification: C50, D31, E64, O53. |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ira:wpaper:202505 |
| By: | Hilmy Priliadi (Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA) |
| Abstract: | Artificial intelligence (AI) presents transformative opportunities for ASEAN, as its market is projected to reach US$30.30 billion by 2030. AI adoption is expected to contribute 10%–18% of ASEAN’s gross domestic product, benefiting key sectors such as manufacturing, health care, and energy. However, AI integration also highlights challenges, including governance gaps, disparities in AI readiness amongst ASEAN Member States, data governance issues, and sustainability concerns. While ASEAN has made progress through initiatives like developing the ASEAN Guide on AI Governance and Ethics, policy fragmentation and uneven AI adoption across ASEAN Member States underscore barriers to inclusive growth. The ASEAN Digital Economy Framework Agreement (DEFA) provides an opportunity to align AI governance in ASEAN with global standards, ensuring a regulatory framework that balances innovation with accountability. This brief highlights AI’s role in ASEAN’s digital economy and proposes policy recommendations to strengthen AI governance; enhance the population’s digital skills; support AI adoption amongst micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises; promote culturally diverse datasets; and advance sustainable AI infrastructure. By fostering regional cooperation and embedding AI-related commitments into the DEFA, ASEAN can harness AI’s potential while actively mitigating its risks. Latest Articles |
| Date: | 2025–05–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:era:wpaper:pb-2025-01 |
| By: | Fikri, Muhammad |
| Abstract: | This article presents a sociological analysis of the impact of Virtual Reality (VR) technology on adolescent social interaction in Indonesia. As VR adoption grows, particularly among younger demographics, its implications for social behavior, communication patterns, and identity formation warrant critical examination. This study employs theoretical frameworks such as Symbolic Interactionism, Social Exchange Theory, and Technosocial Systems to explore how VR environments mediate face-to-face interactions, foster new online communities, and potentially alter social capital. Data from existing literature, case studies, and observational insights into Indonesian adolescent technology use are synthesized to delineate both the potential benefits, such as expanded social networks and novel communication modalities, and the challenges, including social isolation, digital divide, and the erosion of traditional social cues. The analysis suggests that while VR offers unprecedented opportunities for connection, its uncritical adoption may lead to significant shifts in the fabric of adolescent social life, necessitating a balanced understanding and proactive social policies. |
| Date: | 2025–06–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:p7nmv_v1 |
| By: | Kruft, Krista; Herens, Marion; Namugumya, Brenda Shenute; De Groote, Bram |
| Abstract: | Food systems are failing to provide sustainable, healthy diets that promote health, environmental sustainability, affordability, and cultural acceptability, leaving over three billion people unable to access such diets. Following calls for transformation after the 2021 UN Food Systems Summit and subsequent international dialogues, there is growing recognition of the need for systemic approaches to accelerate food systems transformation (FST). However, many stakeholders remain uncertain about how to implement effective changes, highlighting the need for sustainable development pathways that integrate health, environmental, and inclusion goals. This paper explores what capacities are needed for driving FST, emphasizing the need to strengthen skills and competencies in individuals, organizations, and societies to achieve transformative goals. Based on the capacity-strengthening experiences of the CGIAR Research Initiative on Sustainable Healthy Diets through Food Systems Transformation (SHiFT) in Bangladesh, Ethiopia and Vietnam, the paper examines SHiFT’s capacity-strengthening practice used. Key questions addressed include identifying stakeholders who need transformative capacities, the capacities required for different roles, and strategies to inspire meaningful implementation. The reflections on capacity-strengthening trajectories for food system actors in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Vietnam underscore the need for tailored, inclusive, and adaptive approaches that address the unique dynamics of each food system. Seven guiding principles emerged: contextualizing within political and economic landscapes; employing adult-based, experiential learning; timing of capacity strengthening interventions; navigating power dynamics; embracing emergence and flexibility; fostering diversity; and stimulating personal agency and leadership. These principles highlight the importance of co-creation, continuous reflection, and iterative adaptation, ensuring capacity-building efforts are relevant, effective, and transformative. By exploring practice-based and case-based insights, this paper contributes to understanding how targeted capacity strengthening can support meaningfully to FST. |
| Keywords: | capacity development; food systems; healthy diets; stakeholders; sustainability; Bangladesh; Ethiopia; Vietnam; Asia; Africa; Southern Asia; Eastern Africa |
| Date: | 2024–12–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:cgiarp:173230 |
| By: | Novy Aila B. Rivas; Giovanna Fae R. Oguis; Alex John C. Labanon; El Veena Grace A. Rosero; Jon Henly O. Santillan; Larry N. Digal |
| Abstract: | This study focuses on the coffee chain of Sultan Kudarat - the coffee capital of the Philippines, where most of the farmers are smallholders. Coffee farmers in this area allocate their harvested cherries as fresh cherries, dried cherries, and green coffee beans to five market outlets: Nestle Philippines, local traders, association, direct selling, and other markets not mentioned (e.g., coffee shops and hotels). Hence, a supply chain network design (SCND) model and simulation are developed to investigate the changes in the profits of coffee farmers as they market their products, whether to be sold as fresh cherries, dried cherries, or processed into green coffee beans before marketing to the market outlets mentioned above, based on the average annual costs affecting the production, primary processing, and market prices of coffee products. Assuming that the annual coffee yield per tree and the average prices of coffee products in different markets are constant, the simulations show that farmers can gain a positive annual profit if they sell all dried cherries. However, results show that if farmers decide to produce and sell all green coffee beans, the farmers gain a negative profit due to the additional annual average dehulling cost and the minimal difference in average selling prices between dried cherries and green coffee beans in different markets. Furthermore, members of the association producing dried cherries can gain by allocating the required 70 percent of their product to the association and 30 percent to the other markets. In contrast, selling 30 percent of green coffee beans to any market generates a negative profit. The developed model can also be modified and used for regular coffee farms and other commodities. |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2505.06323 |
| By: | Abedin, Jainal; Herens, Marion; Brouwer, Inge D. |
| Abstract: | In 2022, the CGIAR Research Initiative on Sustainable Healthy Diets through Food Systems Transformation (SHiFT) conducted a stakeholder identification and analysis activity to develop its strategy for stakeholder engagement. As part of SHiFT’s Work Package 5, Catalyzing Food Systems Transformation, this analysis was used to prepare a stakeholder engagement strategy for Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Viet Nam, SHiFT’s three countries of work. The stakeholder identification and mapping, as well as a report on the country’s food system transformation process and issues, constitute a database that enables rapid selection of potential stakeholders for engagement, capacity sharing, and collaboration, among other purposes. The stakeholder identification process is repeated, typically on a quarterly basis, to update the database. This summary report is based on information first collected in 2022 and updated as of December 2024. Building understanding, engagement, and capacity with diverse food system stakeholders will help to foster collaboration and coordination across varied perspectives, and to drive transformative actions across the food system for positive outcomes on the environment, food security and nutrition, and livelihoods and inclusion. SHiFT’s approach is to engage with and provide technical support to relevant stakeholders, networks, and platforms whose objectives are aligned with the Initiative’s goals. This approach aims to contribute to local and national food systems transformation for sustainable healthy diets, rather than facilitating the formation of new networks or platforms that would require more time to build engagement and capacity, and might not be sustainable. The Initiative’s efforts are also meant to avoid overlapping with those of the country’s government and other development partners. Instead, SHiFT aims to create synergies through coordinated actions to achieve national food systems transformation and sustainable healthy diets, as well as broader national goals on food systems. |
| Keywords: | food systems; stakeholders; food security; sustainability; Bangladesh; Asia; Southern Asia |
| Date: | 2024–12–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:cgiarp:173234 |
| By: | Baibing Huang (Macau University of Science and Technology); Shaohua Tian (Macao Polytechnic University); Yang Zhang (University of Macau); Huanhuan Zheng (National University of Singapore) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the influence of institutional investors' corporate site visits on the timeliness of financial reporting. Utilizing data from publicly traded firms listed in the Shenzhen Stock Exchange (SZSE) in China, the study reveals that companies that receive a greater number of site visits from institutional investors exhibit shorter delays in the issuance of audit reports. These findings remain robust even after conducting various robustness checks and employing alternative estimation methods to address potential endogeneity concerns. Additionally, supplementary analysis suggests that institutional investors' site visits may enhance financial statement timeliness by facilitating more efficient acquisition of information and promoting enhanced corporate governance practices. Moreover, the study finds that institutional investors' site visits contribute to the timely disclosure of audit reports without compromising their quality. These significant findings hold important implications for firms, investors, and policymakers. |
| Keywords: | Corporate site visits; financial statement timeliness; Audit report lag; Institutional investors; Chinese listed firms |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:boa:wpaper:202533 |
| By: | Koo, Kyong Hyun (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Yeon, Jiheum (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Chung, Minchirl (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Ryu, Kirak (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)) |
| Abstract: | 경제적으로 대외의존도가 높은 우리나라는 무역구조의 변화에 따라 노동시장에 상당한 변화를 겪어왔다. 대표적으로 2000년대 이후 중국과 베트남의 급속한 경제성장으로 인한 대중국ㆍ대베트남 수출입 증가는 우리나라 산업별 고용구조를 바꿨을 뿐 아니라 근로자들의 소득과 고용안정성에 적지 않은 영향을 미쳤다. 수입경쟁심화 산업에 종사했던 근로자는 장기에 걸쳐 근로소득 증가율이 감소하고 비자발적 실직을 경험할 확률이 높아졌지만, 수출증가산업에 종사한 근로자는 동 기간에 더 큰 근로소득 증가율과 고용안정성을 누렸다. South Korea, with its heavy economic reliance on international trade, has undergone significant changes in its labor market due to trade shocks. Since the early 2000s, for example, the rapid economic growth of China and Vietnam has dramatically increased trade volumes between these countries and Korea. This surge has notably altered Korea’s industrial employment landscape, affecting worker income levels and job security. Workers in industries facing heightened import competition from China and Vietnam have experienced diminishing earned income growth rates and an increased risk of involuntary job loss, while those in industries with rising exports to the countries have benefited from enhanced income growth and job stability. (the rest omitted) |
| Keywords: | 2SLS; Employment Insurance Database; labor reallocation; heavy economic |
| Date: | 2024–12–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kieppa:2024_027 |
| By: | Choi, Ina (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Kim , Kyunghoon (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)) |
| Abstract: | ASEAN and the Republic of Korea established a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership (CSP) in October 2024, marking a turning point toward a more future-oriented and strategic relationship. ASEAN has emphasized that the CSP must go beyond existing frameworks to foster cooperation that is truly meaningful, substantive, and mutually beneficial. The ASEAN–ROK Plan of Action (2026–2030), to be unveiled at the upcoming summit later this year, will serve as a roadmap for translating the CSP into concrete action. (the rest omitted) |
| Keywords: | ASEAN-ROK; CSP; ASEAN member states; Republic of Korea |
| Date: | 2025–05–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kiepwe:2025_014 |
| By: | Wishnu Badrawani |
| Abstract: | This paper evaluates the performance of prominent machine learning (ML) algorithms in predicting Indonesia's inflation using the payment system, capital market, and macroeconomic data. We compare the forecasting performance of each ML model, namely shrinkage regression, ensemble learning, and super vector regression, to that of the univariate time series ARIMA and SARIMA models. We examine various out-of-bag sample periods in each ML model to determine the appropriate data-splitting ratios for the regression case study. This study indicates that all ML models produced lower RMSEs and reduced average forecast errors by 45.16 percent relative to the ARIMA benchmark, with the Extreme Gradient Boosting model outperforming other ML models and the benchmark. Using the Shapley value, we discovered that numerous payment system variables significantly predict inflation. We explore the ML forecast using local Shapley decomposition and show the relationship between the explanatory variables and inflation for interpretation. The interpretation of the ML forecast highlights some significant findings and offers insightful recommendations, enhancing previous economic research that uses a more established econometric method. Our findings advocate ML models as supplementary tools for the central bank to predict inflation and support monetary policy. |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2506.10369 |
| By: | Alexander Ignatov (Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy); Marina Larionova (Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy); Irina Popova (Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy); Andrey Sakharov (Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy); Andrey Shelepov (RANEPA) |
| Abstract: | In 2024, the main trends in the system of international institutions are related to the consolidation of two multidirectional vectors of influence. On the one side, Russia and the leading developing countries — China, India, Brazil, Indonesia and South Africa—are playing an increasingly important role and stepping up cooperation to reform the system of international relations in the interests of the global majority states.On the other side, the United States and its partners are seeking to maintain supremacy and control over the processes and institutions of global and regional governance. The G7 countries are forming an ideological basis to change rules of international trade and climate governance and promote their norms and standards as the basis for the emerging international regulation of the digital economy and artificial intelligence (AI) governance. The participants’ conflicting interests make the transformation of the global governance architecture more painful and limit the effectiveness of institutions and their ability to cope with key challenges, such as growing inequality, debt vulnerability, climate change, energy poverty, food security and other. This section deals primarily with the outcomes of Russia’s work in the key informal multilateral institutions—the G20 and the BRICS—in terms of adaptation of the global economic governance system. Also, it analyzes the issues of reforming the IMF and multilateral development banks. Special attention is paid to cooperation within the UN system, the differences on the main provisions of the 2024 Pact for the Future and the decisions of the 29th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Also discussed in this section are the main breakthroughs and challenges related with the harmonization of approaches of the members of the regional organizations: the SCO and the EAEU. |
| Keywords: | Russian economy, international organizations, international institutional arrangements |
| JEL: | F5 F53 F55 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gai:ppaper:ppaper-2025-1419 |
| By: | Intan Murnira Ramli (Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA)); Mohamad Izahar Mohamad Izham |
| Abstract: | Various technological advancements have revolutionised how businesses operate and how people live and work. In recent years, significant advancements have occurred regarding industrial robotics and artificial intelligence (AI). The adoption of robotics and AI positively impacts productivity at both firm and national levels through increased precision and cost efficiency. While these technologies have the potential to substantially enhance productivity and to facilitate trade in goods and services, this paper also looks at the research on their impact on workers, wages, and economic welfare. Indeed, the extensive and uneven effects of robotics and AI on different skill sets have become a focus of economic research, which has explored how these technologies may yield outcomes that differ markedly from previous technological advancements. The research shows that adoption of robotics and AI does facilitate trade in goods and services, but their impact on the labour market, employment, and wages depends on the preparedness of both governments and the workforce to embrace cutting-edge technologies, including AI and super AI. Latest Articles |
| Date: | 2025–05–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:era:wpaper:pb-2025-03 |