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on South East Asia |
| By: | Helle Buchhave; Trishna Rajyalaxmi Rana; Lucia Arnal Rodriguez |
| Keywords: | Gender-Gender and Law Gender-Gender and Social Policy |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:40061 |
| By: | Adityawan, Fidelis |
| Abstract: | Perbankan di Asia merupakan salah satu industri yang sangat penting bagi perekonomian dunia. Perbankan tersebut memiliki ciri khas tersendiri yang membedakan dengan perbankan di negara lain. Negara-negara di Asia memiliki banyak variasi dalam hal jenis bank, jenis layanan yang diberikan, serta peraturan perbankan yang berbeda-beda. Sebagai wilayah dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi yang sangat pesat, Asia menjadi target utama bagi lembaga keuangan global untuk mengembangkan bisnis mereka. Artikel ini menyajikan analisis perbankan di Asia dengan studi kasus di beberapa negara, termasuk Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif berdasarkan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari berbagai sumber, termasuk laporan industri, jurnal, dan publikasi terkait. penulis mereview dari beberapa artikel penelitian kuantitatif karya dosen – dosen ekonomi di Universitas Surabaya dan dari karya penulis – penulis lainnya. Dalam melakukan review penulis menggunakan AI Bernama Chat GPT, agar menghasilkan review artikel yang lebih berkualitas bagi para pembaca. Artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa perbankan di Asia telah mengalami perkembangan pesat dalam beberapa dekade terakhir, dengan banyak bank asing dan domestik yang beroperasi di wilayah tersebut. Namun, industri perbankan Asia juga menghadapi beberapa tantangan, seperti regulasi yang ketat, persaingan yang semakin sengit, dan risiko yang tinggi terkait dengan pengembangan kredit. |
| Date: | 2023–04–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:5ukga_v1 |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Finance and Financial Sector Development-Finance and Development Education-Education Finance Education-Education Reform and Management |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:39921 |
| By: | Albert, Jose Ramon G.; Genio, Frances Genevieve F.; Crismo, Jan Joy Louise G. |
| Abstract: | Joint programming, also known as convergence, in social protection and economic inclusion interventions has emerged as a critical strategy for addressing persistent poverty in the Philippines. Despite the government's ambitious goal of reducing poverty from 18.1 percent in 2021 to 9 percent by 2028, significant challenges remain in coordinating and integrating social protection efforts. This study examines the implementation of joint programming across the laws, policies, and programs that target Filipinos living in poverty. Using a qualitative data-focused approach, the research assesses the current state of joint programming, identifies key stakeholders, evaluates implementation challenges, and analyzes the effectiveness of existing coordination mechanisms. Through document analysis, key informant interviews with government officials and field staff, and focus group discussions with program beneficiaries, this study aims to provide actionable recommendations for enhancing joint programming efforts. The findings are expected to contribute to refining social protection and economic inclusion strategies in the Philippines, ultimately supporting the government's poverty reduction goals and improving the lives of vulnerable populations. Comments on this paper are welcome within 60 days from the date of posting. Email publications@pids.gov.ph. |
| Keywords: | joint programming;convergence;social protection;economic inclusion;poverty reduction |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:phd:dpaper:dp_2025-02 |
| By: | Lasco, Paul Gideon D.; Mendoza, Jhaki A. |
| Abstract: | Early childhood care and development (ECCD) discourse, policy, and research have understandably focused on parents—their roles, knowledge, practices, and lived experiences. However, it truly “takes a village” to raise a child, particularly in an intergenerational, communal society like the Philippines, where both historical and future trends indicate a greater involvement of various “significant others” in the pag-aalaga (i.e., care or nurturing) of children. This report examines how Filipino parents approach early childhood development, emphasizing the central roles of various actors—parents, siblings, grandparents, domestic helpers (yayas, kasambahays), and community members (e.g., barangay health workers)—in shaping children's early development. Drawing from 17 key informant interviews and a review of the social science literature, this report maps the different participants in ECCD and proposes ways to leverage their involvement in improving child health and education outcomes. Comments on this paper are welcome within 60 days from the date of posting. Email publications@pids.gov.ph. |
| Keywords: | early childhood care and development;childrearing;parenting experiences;caregiving network;qualitative research;ECCD |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:phd:dpaper:dp_2025-01 |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Macroeconomics and Economic Growth-Inflation Macroeconomics and Economic Growth-Fiscal Adjustment |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:40065 |
| By: | Donni Fajar Anugrah (Bank Indonesia); Novi Maryaningsih (Bank Indonesia); Andi Widianto (Bank Indonesia); Tri Kurnia Ayu S. (Bank Indonesia); Fickry Widya N. (Bank Indonesia); Arief N. Rachman (Bank Indonesia); Minda Putri Dwinanda (Bank Indonesia); Citra Amanda (Bank Indonesia); Eunike Vrigie Ruth Y. (Bank Indonesia); Tio Angie P. Samosir (Bank Indonesia); Naufal Alfaraby Winandita (Bank Indonesia); Shania Rahmi (Bank Indonesia) |
| Abstract: | In the midst of the rapid development of the digital economy in Indonesia, Indonesia continues to strive to keep domestic prices stable. One of a part of digitalization development is the presence of e-commerce, which has the potential to reduce the inflation rate through various channels. Changes in producer and consumer behavior that shift to online markets create a more competitive and transparent market environment. The development of ecommerce is also inseparable from innovations in the financial sector, especially digital payment systems, which are an important component in contributing to the fluidity of e-commerce transactions. However, the behavioral changes that occur can cause bias in the calculation of the consumer price index. We analyze the impact of digitalization through ecommerce on inflation in Indonesia on a national and regional scale. This study also analyzes the impact of payment systems on e-commerce and seek out the possibility of bias in the calculation of inflation. The method used is GMM (Generalized Method of Moments) with a panel data range of 34 provinces from 2018-2023 with monthly frequency. The results of the quantitative analysis are also supported by the findings of the field study. The results of this study show that digitalization through e-commerce consistently has a significant negative effect on national and regional core inflation. The study also finds a positive impact of payment systems on e-commerce transactions and finds bias in inflation calculation. In-depth regional analysis from the representative provinces of North Sumatra, East Java, and South Sulawesi also supports the findings of this study. Based on the results of this study, it is important for Bank Indonesia as a monetary policy maker to strengthen its strategic plan in utilizing digitalization through e-commerce as an effort to control inflation in Indonesia. |
| Keywords: | Digitalization, Inflation, E-Commerce, GMM |
| JEL: | E31 O33 L81 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idn:wpaper:wp012024 |
| By: | Donni Fajar Anugrah (Bank Indonesia); Cicilia Anggadewi Harun (Bank Indonesia); Dian Rahmawati (Bank Indonesia); Sulistiyo Kadam Ardiyono (Bank Indonesia); Hilya Jannatul Imron (Bank Indonesia) |
| Abstract: | The global economy is currently experiencing geo-economic fragmentation, one of which is driven by the trade war between the United States (US) and China. This trade war has led to tariff increases that have significantly impacted strategic sectors, creating distortions in global supply chains. Indonesia's export dependence on the US and China makes its export performance particularly sensitive to tensions between these countries. To mitigate risks and capitalize on export opportunities arising from global geoeconomic fragmentation, this study analyzes the costs and benefits of trade cooperation and strategies for diversifying Indonesia’s export products and markets. The methods used include the Structural Match Index (SMI), Demand Index, Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), and the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) model, based on version 9.0 data. The results indicate that the simulation of alternative cooperation with the Chinese trade bloc yields better export performance for Indonesia than the US bloc. A 95% tariff reduction simulation across all sectors shows a more significant increase in Indonesia’s export value to allied blocs. The study also identifies nontraditional export destinations with high potential as alternative markets for Indonesia, such as Canada, Mexico, Brazil, Pakistan, and South Africa. Indonesia demonstrates comparative advantages in commodities like rubber, iron, steel, and minerals, though challenges remain in improving product competitiveness in international markets. Therefore, Indonesia must enhance its manufacturing capacity and strengthen trade relations with nontraditional countries, reducing dependence on traditional markets and seizing opportunities emerging from global trade shifts. |
| Keywords: | International Trade, Export Diversification, GTAP |
| JEL: | F13 F51 O24 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idn:wpaper:wp062024 |
| By: | Atilano-Tang, Lesley Ann; Antonio-Torres, Mary Grace |
| Abstract: | This Capstone examines the effects of alternative work arrangements on public service delivery in the Department of Tourism in the Zamboanga Peninsula region of the Philippines. Using a mixed-methods approach, data was collected through surveys and interviews of government officials, tourism industry representatives, and customers. Results show that alternative work arrangements, such as flexible work hours and telecommuting, have a positive effect on the performance and job satisfaction of government employees, leading to better service delivery to tourists. Moreover, the adoption of alternative work arrangements is also found to be cost-effective for the government, resulting in lower overhead costs. The capstone is grounded in Public Administration theory, specifically, the Human Relations approach. The Human Relations approach posits that an organization's effectiveness depends on its ability to manage the needs and motivations of its employees. In this study, the adoption of alternative work arrangements is seen as a way to address the needs and motivations of government employees, resulting in increased job satisfaction and better service delivery. The findings have significant implications for the Department of Tourism in Zamboanga Peninsula and other government agencies in the Philippines. The adoption of alternative work arrangements can lead to improved public service delivery, increased employee satisfaction, and reduced costs. Further research is needed to explore the long-term effects of alternative work arrangements and to determine the optimal arrangement for different types of government services |
| Date: | 2023–04–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:59wzk_v1 |
| By: | Danny Hermawan (Bank Indonesia); Cicilia Anggadewi Harun (Bank Indonesia); Wicaksono Aryo Pradipto (Bank Indonesia); Yulian Zifar Ayustira (Bank Indonesia); Alvin Andhika Zulen (Bank Indonesia); Amin Endah Sulistiawati (Bank Indonesia); Ade Dwi Aryani (Bank Indonesia); Sintia Aurida (Bank Indonesia) |
| Abstract: | With the constant diruptions in the economy stemmed from global market turbulence, technological changes, and shift toward a more sustainable way of life, understanding banking behavior become a priority to maintain financial stability. This study examines the credit allocation behavior of banks in Indonesia, influenced by economic conditions, regulatory frameworks, technological advancements, and sector-specific challenges. Bank credit plays a vital role in macroeconomic stability, and economic fluctuations impact banks procyclical credit behavior. The Indonesian banking sector faces complex pressures and sectoral risks, emphasizing the need for solid policies from Bank Indonesia to maintain financial system stability. This research addresses two main questions: how client relationships affect credit supply decisions and how structural changes such as interest rates, climate change, and cybersecurity influence bank behavior. Utilizing primary and secondary data as well as machine learning (ML) methods, the study reveals insights into credit supply practices in Indonesian banks and the potential of big data and ML for a detailed assessment of credit distribution patterns. The findings highlight the importance of stricter oversight, technological integration, and sectorspecific strategies, especially for SMEs and high-risk sectors such as tourism and mining. The study emphasizes integrating green finance, RegTech, and SupTech to enhance banking sector resilience and align credit activities with sustainability goals. By applying these insights, Indonesia can create a stable credit environment, support economic growth, and ensure banks are prepared to manage evolving risks in the financial landscape. |
| Keywords: | bank behavior, credit growth, credit supply, machine learning |
| JEL: | E51 G21 G28 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idn:wpaper:wp112024 |
| By: | Bin Ramli, Muhammad Sukri |
| Abstract: | Malaysia has become a major refugee-hosting country in ASEAN, facing considerable strain as it shoulders a disproportionate burden of refugee protection despite the absence of a formal legal framework for refugee status. This paper examines the mounting challenges Malaysia faces at the intersection of increasing climate-induced displacement and the vulnerabilities of these populations. Malaysia is also struggling with severe climate change impacts, such as flooding, while managing growing refugee populations. Recurrent climate threats, notably severe monsoon flooding which disproportionately impacts refugees and asylum seekers residing in flood-prone, affordable areas, exacerbate these vulnerabilities. This research investigates the interplay between humanitarian protection and climate vulnerability, highlighting the precarious livelihoods and housing conditions of displaced individuals in Malaysia, and how the absence of legal recognition compounds their susceptibility to climate extremes, creating a dual crisis. Analyzing the dynamic relationship between climate threats, refugee vulnerability, and the resultant strain on Malaysia, this study underscores the urgent need for comprehensive climate action and a collective response within ASEAN to mitigate these challenges. Furthermore, it includes a comparative analysis of Malaysia’s challenges with other ASEAN countries. By examining the causal links between these factors and analyzing Malaysia's current situation, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the necessity for robust regional and national frameworks. These frameworks must not only address the immediate needs of displaced populations but also prioritize long-term climate resilience and sustainable development strategies across the ASEAN region. |
| Date: | 2025–03–22 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:zra4x_v1 |
| By: | Rivera, John Paolo R.; Lim, Valerie L.; Sinsay-Villanueva, Leih Maruss; Garcia, Glenda Darlene V.; Tanyag, Ivan Harris; Berroya, Jenard D.; Orbeta, Aniceto C. Jr. |
| Abstract: | As part of the reforms introduced following the first Congressional Commission on Education in 1994, the Teacher Education Council (TEC) was tasked with identifying and establishing Centers of Excellence (COEs) in teacher education in the Philippines. In 2007, this responsibility was transferred to the Commission on Higher Education. The primary goal of this initiative was to enhance the quality of both pre-service and in-service teacher education by evaluating specific parameters outlined by the TEC. Previous studies have indicated that parameters such as teacher qualifications significantly contribute to student performance in basic education. This study examines the role of COEs and Centers of Development (CODs) in maintaining the quality of teacher education more than two decades after this arrangement was first introduced. Specifically, it investigates the benefits and challenges associated with these designations, the measures these centers have taken to fulfill their responsibilities, and their potential role in supporting underperforming teacher education institutions and regions. A mixed methods approach was employed in this study, combining desk research, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions. Through triangulation, several research themes emerged regarding the nature and dynamics of COEs and CODs. One major finding suggests disparities in the regional distribution of these centers, attributed to stringent compliance requirements. While some intended benefits of these centers remain unclear, they have nonetheless inspired non-COE/COD institutions in their respective regions. The study concludes with a series of actionable recommendations aimed at guiding policymakers in effectively implementing, maintaining, and sustaining these centers nationwide. Comments on this paper are welcome within 60 days from the date of posting. Email publications@pids.gov.ph. |
| Keywords: | teacher education;teacher quality;mapping;centers of excellence;centers of development |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:phd:dpaper:dp_2025-03 |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Macroeconomics and Economic Growth-Economic Forecasting Macroeconomics and Economic Growth-Economic Growth |
| Date: | 2023–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:40249 |
| By: | Wijaya, Frederick Aldo |
| Abstract: | Ulasan ini mengkaji berbagai studi terkait manajemen keuangan dan pajak pada perusahaan non-keuangan di Indonesia. Berfokus pada karya Hananto dan beberapa artikel dari Emerald, ulasan ini mengkaji pengaruh berbagai faktor seperti good corporate governance, earnings management, pengungkapan CSR, karakteristik perusahaan multinasional, thin capitalization, tax amnesty, kemampuan manajerial, dan tata kelola perusahaan terhadap fenomena seperti expense stickiness, harga saham, penghindaran pajak, dan risiko kegagalan harga saham. Ulasan ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif untuk menghasilkan temuan yang objektif dan relevan bagi praktisi dan pemangku kepentingan. Hasil ulasan menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor seperti good corporate governance, tax amnesty, dan CSR mempengaruhi expense stickiness, penghindaran pajak, dan harga saham. Selain itu, kemampuan manajerial dan tata kelola perusahaan juga berpengaruh terhadap risiko pajak dan penghindaran pajak jangka panjang. Dalam konteks Indonesia, CEO pendiri atau keturunan tidak mempengaruhi hubungan antara penghindaran pajak dan risiko masa depan perusahaan. Ulasan ini memberikan wawasan penting bagi perusahaan, investor, dan otoritas pajak dalam mengoptimalkan tata kelola perusahaan dan kebijakan pajak. |
| Date: | 2023–04–22 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:r7yqa_v1 |
| By: | Melanie, Hanna Resti |
| Abstract: | Jiwa wirausaha perlu dikembangkan pada generasi muda guna membantu dalam perkembangan ekonomi Indonesia. Melihat generasi muda merupakan agen terpenting dalam membuat perubahan, pemerintah telah memberikan fasilitas penunjang dengan menyiapkan dana bagi mahasiswa yang berkenan dalam membuka usaha, yaitu PKM-K. Dengan demikian, hal ini sejalan dengan kebijakan pendidikan untuk mendorong pengembangan kewirausahaan. |
| Date: | 2023–02–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:amhpq_v1 |
| By: | Aryo Sasongko (Bank Indonesia); Cicilia Anggadewi Harun (Bank Indonesia); Rahutomo Anugrah Dewanto (Bank Indonesia); Wahyu Widianti (Bank Indonesia); Geyana Ledy Fista (Bank Indonesia); Kusfisiami Wima Mustika (Bank Indonesia); Astrika Erlin (Bank Indonesia); Ibrahmi Adrian Nugroho (Bank Indonesia); Putra Prima Raka (Bank Indonesia); Misbahol Yaqin (Bank Indonesia) |
| Abstract: | TThis study explores the impact of primary dealer system implementation on counterparty connections, prices, liquidity, and concentration risk in the Indonesian Money market. Using transaction data of interbank money market instruments, we find that the implementation of the primary dealer system increases the degree of centrality (number of counterparty connections) in the Indonesian Repo and time deposit markets. The implementation of primary dealers also leads to an increase in nominal transactions of Bank Indonesia Rupiah Securities (SRBI). The simulation results of primary dealer selection by clients show that the greater the demand of banks participating in monetary operations with limited primary dealer liquidity, the faster the orders are concentrated on primary dealers with large liquidity. Vice versa, the smaller the demand of banks participating in monetary operations with large liquidity, the orders tend to be scattered. The larger the order size of banks participating in monetary operations, the faster orders are concentrated in primary dealers with large liquidity. Vice versa, the smaller the order size of banks participating in monetary operations, the orders tend to be scattered. |
| Keywords: | Primary dealer, concentration risk, liquidity, interest rate, counterparty connection |
| JEL: | E43 G21 G28 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idn:wpaper:wp102024 |
| By: | Vuong, Bui Nhat (Vietnam Aviation Academy) |
| Abstract: | Mục đích của nghiên cứu này là khám phá mối quan hệ giữa trách nhiệm xã hội của doanh nghiệp và lòng trung thành của khách hàng thông qua niềm tin thương hiệu và sự yêu thích thương hiệu. Mô hình nghiên cứu đã được đề xuất dựa vào lý thuyết bộ ba cốt lõi bền vững và lý thuyết trao đổi xã hội. Dữ liệu đã được thu thập từ 305 khách hàng trên 18 tuổi đã từng sử dụng dịch vụ của hãng hàng không giá rẻ (Vietjet Air và Pacific Airlines) và đang sống tại Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh. Mô hình hóa phương trình cấu trúc bình phương nhỏ nhất từng phần đã được sử dụng để phân tích dữ liệu. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy rằng trách nhiệm xã hội của doanh nghiệp giúp gia tăng lòng trung thành của khách hàng. Thêm vào đó, mối quan hệ tích cực này đã được trung gian bán phần bởi niềm tin thương hiệu và sự yêu thích thương hiệu. Nghiên cứu cũng đã đề xuất một số hàm ý quản trị cho các nhà quản lý tại các hãng hàng không giá rẻ thực hiện các hoạt động trách nhiệm xã hội của doanh nghiệp để cải thiện lòng trung thành của khách hàng. |
| Date: | 2023–02–27 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:msv5k_v1 |
| By: | Cicilia Anggadewi Harun (Bank Indonesia); Danny Hermawan (Bank Indonesia); Ade Dwi Aryani (Bank Indonesia); Fariz Ahmad Sultansyah (Bank Indonesia) |
| Abstract: | This study examines the trend of corporate deleveraging in Indonesia, particularly in response to economic uncertainties like the COVID-19 pandemic. Historically, corporate deleveraging has been observed globally, with companies in Japan, the US, and Europe adopting strategies to reduce debt levels during periods of financial crisis and stagnation. In Indonesia, companies tend to shift from debt financing to equity-based funding, especially in sectors that saw increased demand during the pandemic. This shift reflects a broader global trend of deleveraging as companies aim to mitigate risk and maintain financial stability. Using an analysis of financial ratios, this study identifies patterns of deleveraging among Indonesia’s nonfinancial companies and evaluates its potential impacts on banking performance. In response to COVID-19's financial challenges, many companies shifted from debt to equity-based financing to maintain stability. This shift led to a decrease in the debtto-equity ratio for non-financial companies in Indonesia, indicating reduced reliance on debt. An increase in the Interest Coverage Ratio post-pandemic showed that some companies became less dependent on debt as their earnings improved. The Bayesian network model use to analyzes banking performance, with factors such as the BI rate, Economic Condition, Macro-Prudential Policy, Corporate Leveraging, and Credit Risk playing a role. Results indicate a 57% likelihood of corporate deleveraging and a 79% probability of high banking performance, with Economic Condition and Credit Risk being the most significant factors for banking performance. Sensitivity analysis shows that low BI rate, economic expansion, and low credit risk are the most influential for high banking performance. |
| Keywords: | bayesian network, corporate leveraging, deleveraging, sensitivity analysis |
| JEL: | C11 E44 G21 G32 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idn:wpaper:wp082024 |
| By: | Yusuf, Alvin Saputra |
| Abstract: | Tax Avoidance merupakan praktik legal untuk meminimalkan pajak dengan memanfaatkan hukum dan insentif pajak. Tax Avoidance berbeda dengan penggelapan pajak, yang ilegal. Wajib pajak dapat mencapai penghindaran pajak melalui metode seperti potongan pajak, kredit pajak, dan menggunakan struktur legal seperti trust dan kemitraan. Dalam review artikel ini mencatat bahwa penghindaran pajak telah menjadi kontroversial dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, dengan beberapa berpendapat bahwa itu tidak etis dan memindahkan beban pajak ke wajib pajak yang tidak dapat melakukan perencanaan pajak. Penulis menggunakan teknologi AI yang disebut Chat GPT dari OpenAI untuk meninjau berbagai artikel terkait pajak dan memberikan hasil yang dapat diandalkan dan relevan. Penulis juga mengakui keterbatasan AI dan memeriksa kembali hasilnya. Pada bagian akhir artikel, diakhiri dengan ringkasan temuan penelitian terkait pajak di Indonesia, termasuk perencanaan pajak yang efektif dan risiko kejatuhan saham. |
| Date: | 2023–05–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:xm7s9_v1 |
| By: | World Bank Group |
| Keywords: | Macroeconomics and Economic Growth-Fiscal & Monetary Policy Macroeconomics and Economic Growth-Fiscal Adjustment |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:39999 |
| By: | Tushar, Hasanuzzaman; Giao, Ha Nam Khanh |
| Abstract: | The goal of this research is to examine the influence of transformational leadership (TL) on employees’ job-related outcomes, noting the mediating roles of public service motivation (PSM) as well as the moderating effect of power distance orientation (PDO). Surveys were collected from 605 civil servants currently working in local governments in Vietnam and the researcher used the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique with SmartPLS 3.0 software to test hypotheses. The findings showed that there was a positive influence of trans- formational leadership on employees’ work outcomes; this relationship was mediated partially through public service motivation. Also, the finding revealed the moderating effects of power distance orientation on the effect of perceived trans- formational leadership on public service motivation, job satisfaction, and job performance. Civil servants with high power distance orientation tended to dampen the positive relationship between transformational leadership and public service motivation which led to decreased job satisfaction and job performance. Based on the findings, it is recommended that managers or leaders in Vietnamese local governments should apply transformational leadership in practice to improve the level of employee work outcomes. Finally, this study broadens new knowledge to the existing literature on transformational leadership and job-related outcomes by proposing an alternative model of how this relationship exists. Besides, the findings showed that although transformational leaders can lead to good behavioral out- comes, high power distance orientation could mitigate this benefit. |
| Date: | 2023–02–19 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:avsnr_v1 |
| By: | Oktavianus, Joshua |
| Abstract: | Pasar modal telah memegang peranan utama bagi perusahaan dan pemerintahan, terutama sebagai wadah untuk memperoleh dana tambahan demi kelancaran dan pengembangan usaha. Tidak hanya itu, pasar modal menjadi salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi permasalahan ekonomi negara dimana berkaitan dengan pembangunan infrastruktur, sarana, dan prasarana yang menunjang aktivitas ekonomi masyarakatnya. Di sisi lain, ditemukan banyaknya variabel atau determinan yang dapat mempengaruhi kondisi pasar modal, khususnya variabel finansial dari tingkat individu, perusahaan, hingga negara. Maka, penulis melakukan review artikel berdasarkan artikel-artikel penelitian kuantitatif karya dosen ekonomi Indonesia untuk menemukan korelasi antara berbagai variabel finansial dengan pasar modal. Dalam review artikel ini, penulis menggabungkan analisis penulis dengan analisis hasil Artificial Intelligence (AI) yang bernama Chat GPT. Hal tersebut ditujukan untuk memaksimalkan hasil review artikel agar menghasilkan wawasan berkualitas bagi pembaca dan penelitian selanjutnya. Pada akhir artikel, ditemukan bahwa variabel finansial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pergerakan harga di pasar modal. |
| Date: | 2023–04–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:96yht_v1 |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Macroeconomics and Economic Growth-Economic Growth Finance and Financial Sector Development-Public & Municipal Finance |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:39931 |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Gender-Gender Monitoring and Evaluation Gender-Gender and Development Gender-Gender and Public Expenditures Gender-Gender and Rural Development |
| Date: | 2023–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:40261 |
| By: | , Justianus |
| Abstract: | Kualitas layanan adalah suatu konsep yang mengacu pada sejauh mana layanan yang diberikan oleh suatu organisasi memenuhi atau melebihi harapan pelanggan. Kualitas layanan meliputi berbagai aspek seperti kemudahan dalam berinteraksi dengan pelanggan, kecepatan respon terhadap permintaan pelanggan, kemampuan memberikan solusi atas masalah pelanggan, keamanan dan kenyamanan dalam penggunaan layanan, serta kemampuan untuk memberikan pengalaman positif kepada pelanggan. Kualitas layanan yang baik dapat meningkatkan kepuasan dan loyalitas pelanggan. Di sisi lain, ditemukan ada variabel mempengaruhi kualitas layanan dan berdampak terhadap kepuasan dan loyalitas pelanggan . Maka, penulis melakukan review artikel berdasarkan artikel-artikel penelitian kuantitatif karya dosen ekonomi Indonesia untuk menemukan kepuasan pelanggan dengan kualitas layanan. Dalam review artikel ini, penulis menggabungkan analisis penulis dengan analisis hasil Artificial Intelligence (AI) yang bernama Chat GPT. Hal tersebut ditujukan untuk memaksimalkan hasil review artikel agar menghasilkan wawasan berkualitas bagi pembaca dan penelitian selanjutnya. Pada akhir artikel, ditemukan bahwa Kualitas layanan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan dan loyalitas pelanggan. |
| Date: | 2023–04–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:d4aef_v1 |
| By: | Hung, Dang Ngoc |
| Abstract: | Bài báo xem xét ảnh hưởng của chất lượng dồn tích đến giá trị của các doanh nghiệp niêm yết ở Việt Nam. Nghiên cứu sử dụng phương pháp hồi quy tác động cố định, tác động ngẫn nhiên và hồi quy tổng quát, với dữ liệu thu thập trong giai đoạn 2010 - 2020, với 6847 quan sát. Kết quả nghiên cứu đã phát hiện chất lượng dồn tích có ảnh hưởng ngược chiều chiều đến giá trị doanh nghiệp. Ngoài ra, nghiên cứu cũng cho thấy quy mô doanh nghiệp và khả năng sinh lời có ảnh hưởng thuận chiều đến giá trị doanh nghiệp, trái lại đòn bẩy tài chính ảnh hưởng ngược chiều đến giá trị doanh nghiệp. Các kết quả nghiên cứu thực nghiệm là cơ sở hữu ích giúp doanh nghiệp nâng cao giá trị, từ đó giúp doanh nghiệp cần xem xét các việc cung cấp thông tinh, nâng cao tính minh bạch và nâng cao chất lượng báo cáo tài chính. |
| Date: | 2023–02–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:jr276_v1 |
| By: | Hải, Lưu Đức; Mai, Pham Thi; Tien, Truong Manh; Khai, Nguyen Quang; Khuc, Van Quy; Duc, Pham Tien |
| Abstract: | Bài viết này trình bày tổng quan về các vấn đề môi trường và tài nguyên trong hoạt động khai thác và chế biến tại hai công ty Nhôm TKV Lâm Đồng và TKV Đắc Nông. Trên cơ sở đó đưa ra mô hình kinh tế tuần hoàn trong hoạt động khai thác và chế biến bauxite ở các tỉnh vùng Tây Nguyên. Bằng các số liệu cụ thể từ việc khai thác và chế biến quặng bauxite của hai công ty trên, bài viết đã đánh giá các lợi ích kinh tế xã hội và môi trường, cũng như đề xuất các giải pháp cụ thể để triển khai có hiệu quả mô hình kinh tế tuần hoàn cho hoạt động khai thác và chế biến bauxite tại Tây Nguyên. |
| Date: | 2023–03–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:mpn2q_v1 |
| By: | Wishnu Badrawani (Bank Indonesia); Citra Amanda (Bank Indonesia); MHA Ridhwan (Bank Indonesia); Novi Maryaningsih (Bank Indonesia); Faizal Kurniawan (Bank Indonesia); Irfan Sampe (Bank Indonesia); Renardi Ardiya Bimantoro (Bank Indonesia); Maulana Ryan Nurfadhila (Bank Indonesia) |
| Abstract: | Studi ini memperkenalkan Indeks Konsumsi/Pembayaran Nasional (IKPN), sebuah proksi baru untuk konsumsi rumah tangga yang berasal dari transaksi pembayaran digital yang diproses melalui infrastruktur Bank Indonesia dan platform sektor swasta. Melalui Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA), NSPI menunjukkan keselarasan yang kuat dengan tren konsumsi rumah tangga, mencapai korelasi yang lebih tinggi (0, 95) dibandingkan dengan indeks tradisional seperti Mandiri Spending Index (0, 94), Indeks Keyakinan Konsumen (0, 86), dan Indeks Penjualan Eceran (0, 68). Temuan ini mengungkap potensi data saluran pembayaran, terutama peningkatan transaksi digital pascaCOVID-19, sebagai indikator ekonomi real-time. NSPI memberikan wawasan yang berharga untuk penelitian empiris dan pembuatan kebijakan, menawarkan kepada para pembuat kebijakan sebuah alat yang dinamis untuk memantau dan merespons pergeseran perilaku konsumsi secara mingguan atau bahkan harian, sehingga meningkatkan kecepatan respons ekonomi. |
| Keywords: | data sistem pembayaran, analisis data eksploratif, perilaku transaksi, industri sistem pembayaran |
| JEL: | C55 D11 E21 E42 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idn:wpaper:wp132024 |
| By: | Lan, Trần Thị Ngọc; Trung, Tran Thanh |
| Abstract: | The aim of this research is to show a theoretical review of studies on psychosocial factors affecting the evaluation and willingness to purchase foreign goods in the past; Identify research gap related to evaluation and willingness to consume foreign goods; Propose a conceptual framework for Vietnamese consumers' willingness to consume foreign goods. The results of this research show that psychosocial factors affecting the willingness to consume foreign goods of consumers in previous studies are classified into six groups of factors: consumer affinity, consumer animosity, consumer ethnocentrism, patriotism, consumer cosmopolitanism, and product judgments. Besides, this study is to help local business managers identify a few factors affecting the willingness of Vietnamese consumers to buy foreign products and understand them. Clearly understand the level and direction of impact of each factor. On that basis, it is possible to make marketing policies to help improve the competitiveness of enterprises in the domestic market compared to products imported. Based on social identity theory, cognitive dissonance theory, realistic group conflict theory, and related studies, the research topic has built a research model of psychological factors. Social impact on the evaluation and willingness to consume foreign products. |
| Date: | 2023–03–17 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:khjv2_v1 |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Health, Nutrition and Population-Immunizations |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:40376 |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Energy-Power & Energy Conversion Energy-Renewable Energy Environment-Adaptation to Climate Change |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:39858 |
| By: | Yang, Fionna |
| Abstract: | Artikel ini membahas tentang beberapa penelitian terkait dengan topik integrasi CSR, environmental management accounting, dan management control. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis terhadap artikel yang telah ditulis oleh Dianne Frisko Koan selama tahun 2020-2017 yang memiliki topik pembahasan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode analisis dokumen menggunakan ChatGPT. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan berbagai hal yang berguna bagi praktisi bisnis dan akademisi di Indonesia, termasuk rekomendasi dan strategi untuk meningkatkan kinerja keuangan, reputasi perusahaan, dan praktik bisnis yang berkelanjutan. |
| Date: | 2023–04–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:9avyr_v1 |
| By: | Hartanto, Soni |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this study was to examine and analyze the significance of the influence of Supply Chain Management Practices, Supply Chain Integration, Information Technology and innovation on Business Performance in manufacturing companies in East Java. This study uses a survey research design to top management who is responsible for the operations of manufacturing companies in East Java Province, Indonesia on a large scale where the number is 1, 231 companies based on data processed by the East Java Industry and Trade Office that received convenience facilities during 2020. Based on the Slovin formula, the research sample required a number of 93 respondentsThe data analysis technique in this study used Partial Least Square (PLS). The results show (1) Supply Chain Management Practices and Supply Chain Integration has a positive and significant effect on Innovation, (2) Supply Chain Management Practices and Supply Chain Integration has a positive and significant effect on Information Technology, (3) Supply Chain Practices and Supply Chain has a positive and significant effect on Business Performance (4) Information Technology has a positive and significant effect on Business Performance, (5) Information Technology has a positive and significant effect on Business Performance |
| Date: | 2023–03–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:28zbq_v1 |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Environment-Marine Environment Environment-Coastal and Marine Environment Environment-Ecosystems and Natural Habitats |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:40051 |
| By: | BROADBERRY, Stephen; FUKAO, Kyoji; GUAN, Hanhui |
| Abstract: | Comparing the major Asian economies of China, India and Japan without taking account of variations in size suggests that the Asian Little Divergence began in the eighteenth century when Japan overtook first India and then China. However, the Great Divergence debate has focused on when the leading regions of the declining countries first fell behind and there was significant regional variation in GDP per capita in all three countries. Allowing for regional variation significantly changes the dating of the Asian Little Divergence: (1) In China, the Yangzi Delta, with a population about the same size as the whole of Japan, did not fall behind until around the time of the Meiji restoration in 1868. (2) In Japan, the Kinai region forged ahead of the Yangzi Delta around 1800. (3) In India, Mysore remained behind the Yangzi Delta throughout the period 1600-1870 and therefore has less significance for the timing of the Asian Little Divergence. |
| Keywords: | Regions, GDP per capita, Asia, Little Divergence |
| JEL: | N15 N95 O47 |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hit:hituec:764 |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Macroeconomics and Economic Growth-Economic Growth Macroeconomics and Economic Growth-Inflation Macroeconomics and Economic Growth-Fiscal & Monetary Policy |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:39938 |
| By: | Prayudhi Azwar (Bank Indonesia); Cicilia Anggadewi Harun (Bank Indonesia); Annes Nisrina Khoirunnisa (Bank Indonesia) |
| Abstract: | Employing System Thinking (ST) and Bayesian Networks (BN), this research has developed framework for a digital transformation of a central bank. The transformation is influenced by three key elements: technology-driven transformation, human capital digital capabilities, and digitalized policymaking capacities. The role of transformative digital leader is the initial critical factor in the causal loop diagram (CLD). Institutional digital leadership is set as the end state of digital transformation, which reflects the lev el of digital maturity. The strength analysis in the BN confirms that the most significant influence on the maturity level of the digital transformation is the digitalized policy making capacities. The combination of digitalized policy-making capacities, human capital digital capabilities, and technology-driven transformation serves as the key factors of central banks transformation towards digital maturity, respectively. The results also show the necessity of addressing operational and cyber risks, formulating robust regulations, and enhancing technological resilience to ensure sustainability and effectivity of the integrated digital central bank transformation. |
| Keywords: | Digital central bank, digital transformation, system thinking, bayesian network, public policy, human capital capabilities, digitalized policy making capacities |
| JEL: | E58 L20 O15 Z18 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idn:wpaper:wp152024 |
| By: | Zveglich, Jr., Joseph (Asian Development Bank); King, Elizabeth (Brookings Institution); Molina-Lapid, Ana Kristel (Asian Development Bank) |
| Abstract: | The Asian Development Bank has adopted internal practices aligned with its commitment to help its members achieve gender equality. This study analyzes panel data on its staff spanning 2000–2022 to understand gender differences in salaries and career paths of its three staff groups. A decomposition of gender pay differences reveals that this wage gap has narrowed for international staff, but has widened for local staff over time, in favor of men. While most of the salary gap of international staff and local staff in field offices can be explained by staff characteristics, this is not the case for local staff at headquarters. Analyses of career dynamics show that hiring practices have contributed significantly to the unexplained current earnings gap across all staff groups, while retention patterns appear to have helped close the gender pay gap across all staff groups. Gender policies adopted by the organization appear to have influenced these shifts. |
| Keywords: | gender pay gaps; panel data; career events; multilateral development bank |
| JEL: | J16 J31 J45 J62 |
| Date: | 2025–03–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbewp:0772 |
| By: | Phan, Ngoc |
| Abstract: | Dịch bệnh do vi-rút corona (COVID-19) gây ra đã và đang ảnh hưởng tiêu cực đến hoạt động thương mại quốc tế giữa các quốc gia; tuy nhiên, còn thiếu các nghiên cứu thực nghiệm về các nước đang phát triển như Việt Nam. Bài viết này nhằm mục đích tìm hiểu xem các trường hợp nhiễm COVID-19 và các trường hợp tử vong liên quan cũng như phản ứng chính sách của Việt Nam và các đối tác thương mại đối với đại dịch ảnh hưởng như thế nào đến hoạt động xuất khẩu của Việt Nam. Tác giả sử dụng dữ liệu thương mại hàng tháng từ Tổng cục Hải quan Việt Nam và sử dụng công cụ ước lượng khả năng giả cực đại Poisson (PPML) để điều tra thực nghiệm tác động của COVID-19 và phản ứng chính sách đối với đại dịch đối với xuất khẩu của Việt Nam ở cấp độ tổng thể và ngành trong khoảng thời gian 33 tháng. |
| Date: | 2023–03–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:dvgsx_v1 |
| By: | Mendoza, Karl Patrick Regala (Polytechnic University of the Philippines) |
| Abstract: | This article advances trust research by theorizing political scandals as moments of rupture where culturally embedded trust cultures, media logics, and populist strategies collide to reshape democratic legitimacy. Moving beyond proceduralist accounts, it conceptualizes trust as a relational, emotional, and historically situated practice—produced and fractured through moral expectations and cultural scripts. Drawing on the Dengvaxia vaccine controversy in the Philippines, the article traces how protective trust cultures centered on children and familial care were activated and amplified by sensational media coverage, transforming a complex public health issue into a national moral scandal. Populist actors strategically seized the moment, reframing the controversy as elite betrayal and recasting themselves as moral protectors of the people. This reconfiguration of trust not only delegitimized institutions but eroded vaccine confidence and deepened political polarization. The case illustrates how, in contexts shaped by relational trust cultures, scandals become existential tests of democratic legitimacy—exposing the limits of technocratic responses and the power of emotional and cultural framings. By foregrounding trust cultures as an analytical lens, the article calls for greater attention to the cultural and emotional dimensions of trust in media-driven democracies, particularly across the Global South where democratic legitimacy remains deeply contested. |
| Date: | 2025–03–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:2ye3x_v1 |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Health, Nutrition and Population-Immunizations |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:40377 |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Health, Nutrition and Population-Immunizations |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:40375 |
| By: | Phan, Ngoc |
| Abstract: | Nghiên cứu này xem xét tác động của các Hiệp định Thương mại Ưu đãi (PTA) đối với dòng vốn Đầu tư Trực tiếp Nước ngoài (FDI). Kết quả thực nghiệm cho thấy rằng FDI thu được từ thương mại ưu đãi đang tăng lên theo quy mô thị trường của các đối tác thương mại ưu đãi nhưng không phải do sự gần gũi về kinh tế và địa lý của họ với nước sở tại. Mối liên hệ giữa PTA và dòng vốn FDI chỉ tồn tại ở các nước thu nhập trung bình và cao, trong khi mối quan hệ này đã biến mất đối với các nước thu nhập thấp. Nghiên cứu này khuyến nghị các quốc gia nên cung cấp các lợi ích khác nhau liên quan đến thương mại cho các nhà đầu tư nước ngoài để thu hút dòng vốn cao hơn |
| Date: | 2023–03–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:58pqr_v1 |
| By: | Khuc, Van Quy |
| Abstract: | Hiện nay tôi đang sở hữu cuốn sách bói cá (The Kingfisher Story Collection) của nhà khoa học Ts. Vương Quân Hoàng (https://sites.google.com/site/vuongqh2019/). Cuốn sách nhỏ này là tập hợp 21 câu chuyện sinh động và hấp dẫn xoay quanh về tài trí của ngài bói cá. Đặc biệt hơn, nhà khoa học đã viết tặng thơ ở trang cuối sách. Bây giờ tôi muốn bán (đấu giá) cuốn sách quý này. Quý độc giả thật sự quan tâm và muốn sở hữu cuốn sách quý này thì có thể liên lạc với tôi qua địa chỉ email. Trân trọng cám ơn! |
| Date: | 2023–05–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:frebn_v1 |
| By: | Nan Liu (Xiamen University); Yanbo Liu (Shandong University); Peter C.B. Phillips (Yale University, University of Auckland, Singapore Management University); Yajie Zhang (Singapore Management University) |
| Abstract: | Predictive regression models are often used to evaluate the predictive capability of economic fundamentals on bond and equity returns. Inferential procedures in these regressions typically employ parameter constancy or piecewise constancy in slope coefficients. Such formulations are prone to misspecification, more especially during periods of disturbance or evolution in prevailing economic and financial conditions, which can lead to size distortion and spurious evidence of predictability. To address these issues the present work proposes a semiparametric predictive regression model with mixed-root regressors and time-varying coefficients that allow for smooth evolution in the generating mechanism over time. For estimation and inference a novel variant of the self-generated instrument approach called Sieve-IVX is introduced, giving a robust approach to inference concerning time-varying predictability that is applicable irrespective of the degrees of persistence. Asymptotic theory of the Sieve-IVX approach is provided together with both pointwise and uniform inference procedures for testing predictability and model specification. Simulations show excellent performance characteristics of these statistics in finite samples. An empirical exercise is conducted to examine excess S&P 500 returns, \ applying Sieve-IVX regression coupled with pointwise and uniform tests to reveal evidence of time-varying patterns in the predictive capability of commonly used fundamental variables. |
| Date: | 2025–03–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cwl:cwldpp:2431 |
| By: | Reichert, Arndt; Simon, Anne |
| Abstract: | This study empirically examines the effects of exposure to paternal smoking on child growth, utilizing comprehensive data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey. We use doubly robust estimations to compare the health outcomes of children whose fathers began smoking before pregnancy with children whose fathers abstained from smoking during the same time. We present separate point estimates for children from ethnic minorities and the ethnic majority group to analyze whether smoking is a channel through which the majority-minority gradient in health outcomes is transmitted from one generation to the next. Our findings reveal a significant reduction in the anthropometric height-for-age z-score among children from ethnic minority groups but not from the ethnic majority group, suggesting that smoking is an important conduit for these disparities. We present suggestive evidence that ethnic segregation contributes to the effect heterogeneity of secondhand smoke exposure between the ethnic majority and ethnic minorities. These findings underscore the importance of strengthening tobacco control regulations, such as increasing tobacco taxes and enforcing smoking bans, and point to the need to address ethnic segregation to mitigate the disproportionate impact of second-hand smoke exposure on ethnic minority children. |
| Keywords: | secondhand smoke, birth weight, height-for-age, z-scores, ethnic disparities, development |
| JEL: | I14 J13 J15 |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:han:dpaper:dp-736 |
| By: | Matondang, Ryan Nathanael |
| Abstract: | Kata E-commerce merupakan singkatan dari kata electronic dan commerce. Secara singkat arti dari e-commerce adalah perdagangan elektronik. Namun jika diartikan lebih jauh e-commerce bisa berarti segala kegiatan perdagangan yang meliputi proses pemasaran hingga distribusi barang atau jasa yang dilakukan secara online atau melalui jaringan elektronik. E-commerce menyediakan suatu kemudahan untuk menjual dan membeli produk serta informasi melalui internet atau sarana lainnya tanpa terbatas oleh area geografis. |
| Date: | 2023–03–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:we3af_v1 |
| By: | Claud Theakston;Matthias Hofer;Martina Garau;Lotte Steuten |
| Keywords: | The BRAVER Roadmap to Broader Assessment of the Value of Health Interventions in the Asia-Pacific Region |
| JEL: | I1 |
| Date: | 2025–04–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ohe:conres:002501 |
| By: | Asjad Naqvi (WIFO) |
| Abstract: | This study applies the Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) to the Asian Development Bank's Multi-Region Input-Output (MRIO) dataset to estimate global demand and supply elasticities across intermediate versus final, and domestic versus foreign sectors. Using pooled data from 2021-2023, results show that supply is generally less responsive to income changes than demand, but more reactive to price changes, particularly for intermediate goods. Over time, demand for foreign intermediate and final goods has outpaced supply, reflecting a growing dependence on foreign inputs with low substitutability. At a more detailed sectoral level, demand elasticities exhibit stronger income and substitution effects, especially in Household final demand and intermediate Services, while supply elasticities are predominantly price-driven, with greater responsiveness in sectors such as Construction, Manufacturing, and Agriculture. These elasticities are then used to simulate welfare impacts of ongoing trade tensions between the USA and the rest of the world, using the latest bilateral tariff data. Findings indicate a global welfare loss of approximately –1.3 percent, with some countries, particularly those highly dependent on US imports with limited substitution options, face losses up to 5.6 percent. Counter-tariffs also adversely affect sanctioning countries; for example, Canada could experience revenue losses of up to 5 percent, while others see welfare losses ranging from 0.5 to 1.8 percent. Despite retaliatory tariffs, the USA faces minimal welfare losses. This framework presented in this paper showcases how monitoring elasticities can support with adapting policies to potential trade-related price shocks. |
| Keywords: | Elasticities, Demand system, QUAIDS, Tariffs, Price shocks |
| Date: | 2025–04–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wfo:wpaper:y:2025:i:702 |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Environment-Adaptation to Climate Change Information and Communication Technologies-ICT Applications |
| Date: | 2023–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:40222 |
| By: | BROADBERRY, Stephen; FUKAO, Kyoji; SETTSU, Tokihiko |
| Abstract: | This paper uses recently revised data on Japanese GDP to analyze the process by which Japan caught-up with the West. The new historical national accounts suggest that Japan was more than one-third richer in 1874 than suggested by Maddison, and that the Meiji period growth built on earlier development. We show that (1) despite trend GDP per capita growth during the Tokugawa shogunate, the catching-up process only started after 1890 with respect to Britain, and after World War 1 with respect to the United States and many European nations (2) although catching up was driven by the dynamic productivity performance of Japanese manufacturing, Japanese success in exporting manufactured goods was just as much driven by limiting the growth of real wages (3) despite claims that Japan was following a distinctive Asian path of labour-intensive industrialisation, capital played an important role in the catching-up process. |
| Keywords: | Labour productivity, sectoral disaggregation, international comparison |
| JEL: | N10 N30 O47 O57 |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hit:hituec:763 |
| By: | Nhean, Monyvann |
| Abstract: | This study focuses on farmers’ experiences with various health insurance options and investigates the barriers to enrolling in public health insurance and accessing healthcare services. By employing the ‘Gender Equality Lens’ and ‘Leave No One Behind’ approach, the research aims to uncover patterns of exclusion, structural constraints, and unequal power dynamics in laws, policies, and practices. Through interviews with nine farmer associations, provincial coordinators, and community leaders, as well as four focus group discussions with farmers who have used public health insurance and those yet to register, the study sheds light on factors influencing farmers’ decisions. The research reveals that farmers of diverse ages, ethnicities, genders, and geographical locations with varying educational backgrounds have different public health insurance choices. However, some farmers lack access to public health insurance options, such as the self-employed scheme, due to factors like distance, limited information sources, and family economic circumstances. |
| Date: | 2025–03–27 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:h279z_v1 |
| By: | Yashodhan Ghorpade; Muhammad Saad Imtiaz |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the relationship between violent conflict and the willingness of potential migrants to accept lower skilled work (occupational downgrading). The paper develops a theoretical model of migration decisions and tests it using an innovative survey module administered to high-skilled youth in Myanmar. Consistent with the predictions of the model, the findings show that insecurity induced by conflict reduces the additional wage premium that individuals would typically demand for taking on lower skilled work, indicating greater amenability to occupational downgrading. These effects are particularly pronounced for disadvantaged groups, such as women, ethnic minorities, and those with weaker labor market networks or English language skills. The results are driven by respondents from areas under territorial contestation, and those interviewed after the sudden activation of a conscription law during the survey. This further confirms how security considerations may override the preference for skill-appropriate job matching, suggesting that conflict may worsen labor market outcomes and reduce potential gains from migration, especially for disadvantaged groups. |
| Date: | 2025–02–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:11075 |
| By: | Yoga Affandi (Bank Indonesia); Donni Fajar Anugrah (Bank Indonesia); Cicilia Anggadewi Harun (Bank Indonesia); Mohammad Marza Naufal (Bank Indonesia); Jessica Tasijawa (Bank Indonesia); Pandu Kuntoadji (Bank Indonesia) |
| Abstract: | This study explores strategies for optimizing human capital to drive Indonesia's economic growth above 5%. Low labor productivity and disparities in education quality between regions are the main obstacles to achieving higher growth. The results of the panel data analysis show that increasing human capital significantly increases economic growth, especially in sectors that require high skills, such as health and manufacturing. Increasing human capital accelerates technological innovation, where skilled workers can adopt and develop new technologies that drive efficiency and competitiveness. On the other hand, there are fundamental problems in the education system, such as frequent curriculum changes, uneven teacher quality, and bullying in schools, which hinder human capital development. In addition, the increase in human capital is still concentrated in Java, while other regions need to catch up in access and quality of education, which causes inequality. Therefore, close collaboration between the government and the private sector is needed to improve the quality of education and ensure the development of human capital evenly across regions so that its impact can be optimized to drive more inclusive and sustainable economic growth. |
| Keywords: | Education and Economic Development, Human Capital, Migration |
| JEL: | I25 J24 O15 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idn:wpaper:wp042024 |
| By: | Rerotlhe B. Basele (Macquarie University); Peter C.B. Phillips (Yale University, University of Auckland, Singapore Management University); Shuping Shi (Macquarie University) |
| Abstract: | The recent artificial intelligence (AI) boom covers a period of rapid innovation and wide adoption of AI intelligence technologies across diverse industries. These developments have fueled an unprecedented frenzy in the Nasdaq, with AI-focused companies experiencing soaring stock prices that raise concerns about speculative bubbles and real- economy consequences. Against this background the present study investigates the formation of speculative bubbles in the Nasdaq stock market with a specific focus on the so-called ÔMagnificent SevenÕ (Mag-7) individual stocks during the AI boom, spanning the period January 2017 to January 2025. We apply the real time PSY bubble detection methodology of Phillips et al. (2015a, b), while controlling for market and industry factors for individual stocks. Confidence intervals to assess the degree of speculative behavior in asset price dynamics are calculated using the near-unit root approach of Phillips (2023). The findings reveal the presence of speculative bubbles in the Nasdaq stock market and across all Mag-7 stocks. Nvidia and Microsoft experience the longest speculative periods over January 2017 Ð December 2021, while Nvidia and Tesla show the fastest rates of explosive behavior. Speculative bubbles persist in the market and in six of the seven stocks (excluding Apple) from December 2022 to January 2025. Near-unit-root inference indicates mildly explosive dynamics for Nvidia and Tesla (2017Ð2021) and local-to-unity near explosive behavior for all assets in both periods. |
| Date: | 2025–03–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cwl:cwldpp:2430 |
| By: | Aryo Sasongko (Bank Indonesia); Cicilia Anggadewi Harun (Bank Indonesia); Geyana Ledy Fista (Bank Indonesia); Kusfisiami Wima Mustika (Bank Indonesia); Aninditha Kemala Dinianyadharani (Bank Indonesia); Karanissa Larasati (Bank Indonesia); Puput Kurniati (Bank Indonesia); Dila Safitri (Bank Indonesia) |
| Abstract: | This study examines the formation of interest rates in the government bond market and the price discovery process in the foreign exchange market through yield curve models and supply-demand curves to support pro-market monetary operations. Using the Nelson-Siegel model and its extensions, the study aims to establish more accurate yield curve parameters through conventional methods (first algorithm), determine short- and long-term interest rates (second algorithm), and ensure a positive slope for the yield curve (third algorithm). The results from the yield curve model demonstrate that this approach is effective under conditions of steepening, inverting curves, and negative interest rates. Furthermore, the creation of the supply and demand curve model and the simulation results explain the formation of foreign exchange rates and the impact of triple interventions. Foreign exchange spot transactions, domestic non-deliverable forwards, and government securities are reflected in the cleared volume indicator (µ) and the demand volume multiplier. Efforts to stabilize the market, such as central bank announcements, are reflected in the parameter σ. |
| Keywords: | yield curve, supply-demand curve, price discovery, price formation, promarket monetary operations, exchange rate interventions |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idn:wpaper:wp092024 |
| By: | Mahajan, Prashant Dr. (R. C. Patel Institute of Technology) |
| Abstract: | As Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems increasingly permeate emotionally sensitive and caregiving domains—such as eldercare, education, therapy, and family life—there is a growing need to assess national readiness beyond infrastructure, research output, or innovation metrics. Existing AI-readiness indices often prioritize technical capacity while neglecting caregiving ethics, emotional integration, symbolic trust, and cultural adaptability. Simultaneously, many national AI policies and strategies articulate ethical aspirations without corresponding real-time implementation in relational contexts. These tensions expose two critical and underexplored gaps: (1) the disconnect between national AI policy and real-time practice in AI–Family Integration (AFI), and (2) the misalignment between conventional AI indices and relational readiness metrics based on AFI. To address these blind spots, this study introduces the AI–Family Integration Index (AFII)—a ten-dimensional benchmarking framework designed to evaluate countries on emotional, ethical, legal, symbolic, and caregiving preparedness. The AFII comprises dimensions such as emotional literacy, caregiving equity, symbolic legitimacy, youth-AI exposure, consent frameworks, and cultural receptivity. Each dimension was scored on a 0–10 scale using mixed-method analysis, including secondary qualitative and quantitative data, policy reviews, and narrative synthesis. Equal weighting was applied across dimensions to ensure conceptual balance and reflect the interconnected importance of each component. This methodological choice mirrors best practices in composite indices (e.g., the Human Development Index), while also maintaining interpretive equity across culturally diverse nations. To bring the framework to life, the study integrates real-world examples—such as Singapore’s emotionally intelligent robotics in eldercare and Japan’s symbolic AI design in companionship—to ground abstract dimensions in lived, culturally contextual practices. These narrative insights enhance both the interpretability and policy relevance of the scores. The AFII was applied to a sample of thirteen culturally and economically diverse countries, including all top 10 countries ranked in the Stanford AI Index (2024). The results reveal striking contrasts between innovation-driven AI adoption and human-centered readiness. While Singapore (9.6) leads globally, nations such as South Korea (8.8) and Japan (8.7) closely follow. The top five countries—Singapore, South Korea, Japan, Sweden (8.6), and the United Kingdom (8.4)—all score above 8.4, reflecting strong alignment between AI policy, emotional intelligence, cultural values, and caregiving integration. In contrast, middle performers like the United States (7.4) and China (7.6), though technologically dominant, exhibit shortfalls in symbolic trust, emotional safety, and caregiving ethics. At the lower end, India (6.0), Brazil (5.2), and South Africa (4.8) show emerging promise but require substantial investment in emotional-AI literacy, inclusive infrastructure, and ethical governance. A key finding is the gap between ethical policy intent and real-time relational deployment. Singapore, South Korea, and Japan exemplify strong alignment between governance vision and practical rollout. Conversely, France and Germany, despite policy sophistication, reveal slower execution in emotionally grounded domains. This disjunction reveals the need for a robust policy–practice alignment matrix, which the AFII introduces as a diagnostic typology for guiding national strategy. Another notable insight is the divergence between AFII rankings and the Stanford AI Index. Countries like the U.S. and China rank in the global top two for AI power, yet place 8th and 9th respectively on the AFII. Conversely, relationally advanced nations such as Singapore and Sweden achieve top AFII scores despite more modest technical power rankings. This contrast underscores that AI excellence must incorporate emotional and ethical dimensions—not merely computational strength or research volume. By embedding emotional and symbolic metrics into a comparative framework, the AFII offers a timely, multidimensional tool for policymakers, ethicists, and technologists. It reframes AI discourse from technocratic performance to relational intelligence, ethical resonance, and caregiving responsibility—defining a path for AI systems that not only think or learn, but relate, care, and belong. |
| Date: | 2025–03–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:wgm2q_v1 |
| By: | Sakaki, Alexandra |
| Abstract: | Südostasien genießt schon lange außenpolitische Priorität in Japan, doch seit etwa 2012 hat Tokio sein Engagement intensiviert - sowohl gegenüber der ASEAN-Gemeinschaft als auch gegenüber einzelnen Mitgliedstaaten. Tokio betrachtet Chinas wachsenden Einfluss in Südostasien als zentrale außenpolitische Herausforderung. Es will verhindern, dass dort eine auf Machtasymmetrien beruhende hierarchische Ordnung um China herum entsteht. Mit der Region verbindet Japan wirtschaftliche ebenso wie außen- und sicherheitspolitische Interessen. Tokios Engagement in Südostasien zielt darauf, die regelbasierte, multilaterale Ordnung unter Einbeziehung der USA aufrechtzuerhalten. Bemerkenswert ist Tokios Engagement für geteilte Regeln, Prinzipien und Normen, etwa in den Bereichen Freihandel, Infrastrukturförderung oder maritime Sicherheit. Kontinuität und Wandel prägen Japans Südostasien-Ansatz seit 2012. Neu ist, dass Japan eine umfassendere sicherheitspolitische Zusammenarbeit mit der Region sucht, etwa durch Dialoge, Übungen der Streitkräfte oder Ertüchtigungsprogramme. Von Bedeutung für Japan ist die ASEAN-Gemeinschaft als Dreh- und Angelpunkt regionaler Kooperationsformate. Tokio unterstützt die Gemeinschaft in ihrer institutionellen Weiterentwicklung und hilft, sozioökonomische Unterschiede zwischen Mitgliedstaaten auszugleichen. Japan intensiviert seine Beziehungen sowohl mit Ländern, die China eher kritisch gegenüberstehen - wie die Philippinen -, als auch mit Ländern, die eher als China zugewandt gelten - wie Kambodscha. Dies schließt auch die Sicherheitspolitik ein. Mit Kooperationsangeboten präsentiert Japan südostasiatischen Ländern Alternativen zu chinesischen Initiativen und verhindert so, dass China eine monopolartige Stellung in der Region einnimmt. Japan und Europa teilen das Interesse an einer stabilen, multilateralen Ordnung in Südostasien. Beide Seiten sollten sich daher zur Region stärker austauschen und durch komplementäre oder gemeinsame Initiativen ihre Einflussmöglichkeiten auf die dortigen geopolitischen Dynamiken ausschöpfen. |
| Keywords: | Südostasien, Japan, ASEAN, Philippinen, Kambodscha, China, USA, Machtasymmetrien, regelbasierte, multilaterale Ordnung, Freihandel, Infrastrukturförderung, maritime Sicherheit |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpstu:315482 |
| By: | Van-Quy Nguyen (Faculty of Mathematical Economics, National Economics University, Hanoi, Vietnam); Jean-Marc Bonnisseau (Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne, Paris School of Economics); Elena L. Del Mercato (Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne, Paris School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | We consider a pure exchange economy with consumption externalities in preferences. We study commodity taxes and lump-sum transfers schemes, which lead to equilibrium allocations where all individuals are strictly better off. We extend the result of Geanakoplos and Polemarchakis (2008) on the generic existence of Pareto im- proving policies with uniform taxes and equal transfers to general non-separable preferences, when the number of individuals is strictly smaller than the number of commodities. We overcome this limitation by considering either uniform taxes with personalized lump-sum transfers, or personalized taxes with uniform lump-sum transfers. As in Geanakoplos and Polemarchakis (2008), we mainly use utility perturbations. We also provide the existence of Pareto improving policies for Bergson-Samuelson utilities and two-individual economies, without perturbing utilities |
| Keywords: | Consumption externalities; commodity taxes; lump-sum transfers; Pareto improvement |
| JEL: | D50 D60 D62 |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mse:cesdoc:24007r |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Urban Development-Transport in Urban Areas Urban Development-Urban Economic Development Public Sector Development Social Protections and Labor |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:42112 |